...Comparison Criminal justice policy over the past 50 has evolved. The key issues of criminal justice policies were gangs, drugs, juvenile, root causes of crime, and gun control. Currently, the key issues are terrorism, illegal immigration, and global organized crime. Traditionally, criminal justice policies were issued by state and local governments. However, the federal government plays an important role in implementation of criminal justice policy. The federal government provides grants to local and state governments to support these criminal justice policies. Criminal justice agencies at the local and state level have to enforce these policies made by federal and state officials. Nevertheless, the local and state governments still bear much of the responsibility. States operate law enforcement agencies, correctional systems, criminal courts system, whereas cities operate the local police departments. Within the past 50 years, criminal justice policies have affected the criminal justice system. The “war on drug” policy has poured billions of dollars into the criminal justice system, although drug-related violence and drugs remain a problem. The criminal justice policies have gone from drugs polices to sentencing policies and currently to globalization policies. Currently, the criminal justice policies go beyond the United States boarders, which it did not at first. Globalization policies force a global cooperation among criminal justice systems around the world, whereas drugs and...
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...How Can Technology Help Law Enforcement in the United State of America Combat Crime Name Institution Organized crime has been a serious concern in the Unites States America for numerous years. The Mafia group was the first known to be an organized crime gang. The Mafia has been powerful organized crime group existed since the 1970’s. The group was known to be planning on how to hijack the people of the United State of America. Technology can help fight organized crimes and safeguard the United States of America. The United States believes that people planning criminal activities should exist in countries that are not stable or rather be in countries that are always in conflict within the nation. The third world countries are the most affected. The main reason is because the countries lack modern and insufficient lawmakers and law enforcement personnel. These countries are not able to purchase the modern technology to fight organized crimes. The agenda should be able to share the intelligence information among the neighboring countries to allow safety and peace among the neighboring countries. The united states should form a network of anti crime which can spread and affect the country's stability and even the neighboring European States. Through technology, sharing information about group crime and mostly the most wanted groups to make work easier to track the criminal groups New technology helps in doing research.The research technology can help in enhancing...
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...Social Organized Crime Perspective Fiona Williams CJA 384 February 10, 2014 Professor Edward Rafailovitc Social Organized Crime Perspective In society, the social structure of organized crime is determined by how the enterprise is organized, such as institutions, statuses, and roles. The framework of the social structure in organized crime is that the criminal organizations are governed by the concept of family, which is called a social institution. The concept of social institution has three key essential elements. These elements include defining social institution, explaining the relationship between social institutions and organized crime, and explaining how empirical and speculative theories are the most applicable when applied to organized crime and criminal behavior. The first element that is essential to social institutions is the definition of social institution. The concept of social institution is defined as “ a group or organization that has a particular purpose, goal, or task and accomplishes the successful completion of this goal, purpose, or task by influencing and persuading individuals in a community to participate, and assist with achieving this objective” (Limbaugh, 2010). This concept is linked to organized crime because it consists of three or more people in an organization committing illegal activities for the sole purpose of gaining profit or power. The second element that is significant to social institution is the relationship between social institutions...
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...Executive Summary Howard Abadinsky (1985) proposed the bureaucratic and patron-client models of organized crime. The bureaucratic model characteristics have compilation from Fredrick Taylor (1990) and Max Weber (1947) theories on organized crime. This structure has a requirement of a hierarchy of power, rules, and regulations with each group, a labor division, specialized members, and a routine necessary for the group to function efficiently. ¬¬¬Outlawed biker groups such as the Hells Angels and the Warlock are a bureaucratic form of organized crime. The Mafia represents the comparable model; the patron-client organized crime model. Formal initiation confirms membership into the group and like the bureaucratic model; the structure is of hierarchy power. The main boss has an underboss and downward levels of power the members have a close relationship and the relationships branch out towards the bottom level and this is where new members are initiated. By branching out the lower level, the organization has a better opportunity to evade detection and apprehension by law enforcement, and maintain a steady flow of production and operation (Limbaugh, Sept.10, 2010). Another attribution for the organization models an executive branch as in a system of government. For example, if the top leader were unable to fulfill the role, the next person in position would take over the role of that leader, and so forth. The “patron-client model is less centralized and has less control...
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...Controlling Organized Crime * In this paper I am going to discuss identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime. Describe the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, including a critique of major federal laws and strategies that support this effort. Suggest a realistic solution to control organized crime by discussing and evaluating the effectiveness of organized crime prosecutions. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * There are several problems surrounding organized crime. This first matter would be defining organized crime; the number one question is who and why people get involved in organized crimes, and how the organized crime can be controlled and/or stopped. Although there is a lot of support from the public through their support of many of the illegal goods, and services, and then the communities expect law enforcement to keep up and control the organized crime, but how can they when the people of the community support them by buying their goods. Some of the citizen of the United States thinks that organized crime can’t be stopped, but it should be controlled a little bit closer because it has a big impact on organized crime and are business more than what people think it does. There is a big lack of agreement around the term organized crime , this makes a lot...
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...Course Materials Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. W. (2007). Organized crime (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mallory, S. L. (2007). Understanding organized crime. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Understanding Organized Crime | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |1.1 Define organized crime. |Thurs | 2 | | |1.2 Compare the various models that explain the structure of organized crime |Sat | | | |groups. | | | | |1.3 Describe the attributes of organized crime and its common behavioral | | | | |categories. | | | |Readings |Read the Week One Read Me First. | | | | |Read Ch. 1 of Organized Crime. | | | | ...
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...(like the right to a speedy trial and bail). Public-order advocates are there to make sure that the public (communities) are also protected from unacceptable behavior... Describe the American experience with crime during the last half century. What noteworthy criminal incidents or activities can you identify during that time, and what social and economic conditions might have produced them? The American experience with crime during the last half century has been especially influential in shaping the criminal justice system of today. Although crime waves have come and gone, some events during the past century stand out as especially significant, including a spurt of widespread organized criminal activity associated with the Prohibition years of the early twentieth century; the substantial increase in “traditional” crimes during the 1960s and 1970s; the threat to the American way of life represented by illicit drugs around the same time; and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (Dworkin, 2005)., The American experience with crime during the last half century has been the main reason for the way our courts, law enforcement, and the criminal justice system operates the way that it does today. There have been many crime waves and other events that have played a key role in shaping the system as it is today. Some of...
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...Controlling Organized Crime Chris Abney CJA/384 Nov 8, 2014 Professor Gregory Reynolds Controlling Organized Crime Organized crime generated an estimated $870 billion dollars of the global economy and this is equivalent to approximately 7% of the world’s exports in merchandise according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. This is quite a substantial amount of money that has been drained form our economy that’s already suffering from the recent recession. The problems caused by organized crime and the relationships established will be covered along with the legal limitations associated with combating these efforts. Major federal laws such as the RICO Act will be addressed along with the strategies that support those efforts will be explained along with a solution to controlling organized crime by addressing many key factors. Organized crime is a nuisance to society and efforts to reduce this type of crime must not be taken lightly in order to maintain control here in the United States of America. Many issues are caused by organized crime such as higher crime rate, danger within the community, corruption of political officials, and can weaken the economy. These issues caused by organized crime and the association between organized crime and terrorism is becoming quite similar. After the attack on September 11th the efforts of cutting funds to the terrorist groups increased and many country’s that were financing these groups quit due to the destruction...
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...Medellin Organized crime has been a problem since the early 1900s and has grown to become a major problem for law enforcement. The start of organized crime is known to be part of the prohibition from the early 1920s. In the 1920s organized crime groups were first known to society members as gangs. Most gangs were known to be immigrants from the same group that gather together to commit illegal crimes on other society members or the government. In the United States, organized crime is also known as racketeering. In 1970, congress passed an act known as the RICO act. RICO stands for "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act” (Organized crime, 2003). This act made it easier for law enforcement officials to prosecute individuals who have not committed a crime but has been found guilty of being the head person in charge of an organized crime group. In order for a organized crime group to succeed in a committing crime, history proves that blackmail, bribery, and other forms of manipulation have been used by gang members to gain what they want form society members. One of the best ways that organized crime groups have continued to succeed in the United States is because they have been known to have connections with many different levels of law enforcement and within the government. Organized criminal groups are known to be the main contributors of drug trafficking. Today the types of crimes committed by organized crime groups have grown. As organized crime groups have...
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...Social institutions are based on structures of relationships, functions, roles, and obligations. People who live their lives with the concept of right and wrong have positive values. People who do not consider these values are known to be antisocial. Social institutions that people learn their socialization from are religion, education, economic, and political. Social institution recognizes a community for social activity rather than legal boundaries. Second, the access points to the social activity are necessary for everyday living. These are very important roles if people want to be accepted in society (Lyman, 2007). Social Theories Theories are an underlying fact of certain observed phenomena that has been approved to some degree. The alien conspiracy theory blames outside people and outside influences on organized crime. The alien conspiracy supposes to be a fact that organized crime mafia gained attention during the 1860s in Sicily and that the Sicilians are responsible for the organized crime (Lyman, 2007). The alien theory states individuals involved with organized crime in Sicily and Italy had produced criminal organizations known as the Sicilian Mafia or Costra Nostra. These individuals migrated to the United States in an attempt to escape detection and apprehension by law enforcement in their own country, and to take advantage of the numerous opportunities that existed within the United States both legally and...
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...The Prohibition Era The Progressive Movement was an effort to cure many vice of American society that had developed during the great spurt of industrial growth in the early 19th century. Under the rule of President Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson's presidency they both fulfilled the progressive reform agenda and laid the foundations of the modern activist presidency. They both demonstrated a dominant role in policymaking and were the crusaders of reform. They passed laws to help the American economy and people including laws like Underwood Tariffs, Banking, Anti-Trust regulations, and Pure Food and Drug Act and many more. These were the frontier of reform that have had been tamed, but not all policy were perfect. On October 28, 1919,...
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...Personal Perception Of Organized Crime Paper Joseph T. Merritt CJA384 November 7, 2011 Theresa Cruz Personal Perception of Organized Crime Paper Before taking this class I had always thought of organized crime as a group of people who used violence and crime to get what they wanted or to not get in trouble when they commit crimes. I honestly thought that all organized crime groups were like the Sopranos or one of the movies I have seen on television. I also thought that the United States is where all the organized crime was and I was surprised to find that there are more crime groups all over the world. I learned from the reading that there were many different definitions for organized crime and I found that I was not so far off with my own definition. According to the reading (2005) the American law enforcement agencies have been slow to even respond to the insightful changes that have come about with organized crime that has been brought about by globalization. The European agencies have drastically changed their views of organized crime and the structure of it. The National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) in the United Kingdom describe organized crime in four ways. These four ways include that the organized crime group will usually contain at least three people, the criminal activity within the group is usually ongoing and indistinct in length, the group will be motivated by the desire for revenue or even power, and the group will commit very serious...
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...threat in Europe is organized crimes Organized criminal activity in Europe, it is widely accepted, has grown enormously in the last decade. The last ten-fifteen years have witnessed great changes in the political makeup of Europe, the collapse of Communism in 1989 and the deepening and widening of the European Union, through the establishment of the Treaties, have all been factors in the contribution to the growth of organized crime. Although organized crime is certainly not a new phenomenon it has become, in recent years, increasingly more widespread and highly sophisticated, taking advantage of the advances in technology, particularly in the field of communications. It has also been quick to adapt and exploit the changing political and economic mechanisms within Europe. This is particularly the case with the transition economies of the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) in Eastern Europe. The dramatic changes that followed 1989 and the resultant political and economic chaos have left many CIS countries extremely vulnerable to organized crime. Why has Organized Crime Increased? The reasons for the increase in organized crime are many and varied. One of the most important reasons for the sudden increase in organized criminal activity was the signing of the SEA (Single European Act) in 1986 and its introduction and provision, which states the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital, also provided a favorable situation for organized crime. The wholesale...
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...The Department of Justice (DOJ) has the responsibility for enforcing the federal laws in the United States of America. The four agencies of the DOJ are the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), U.S. Marshals, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The person who is at the top of the DOJ, and leads each of these agencies, is the United States Attorney General. The major functions of the four agencies of the DOJ and who, to me, has the greatest responsibility within this agency follows. The FBI’s authority is actually broader than the other three agencies. The FBI’s mission is “to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats and to enforce the criminal laws of the United States” (Federal Bureau of Investigation, pg. 1). Among its top three national security priorities are terrorism, counterintelligence, and cyber-crime. The terrorism priority addresses concerns such as international terrorism, domestic terrorism, and weapons that can cause mass destruction. The counterintelligence priority focuses on espionage and counter proliferation while the cyber-crime priority is focused on computer intrusions, internet fraud, and identity theft. All three of these pose a threat to the security of our nation. The FBI also has five major criminal priorities. The public corruption priority addresses government fraud, election fraud, and any corrupt foreign practice. A priority of the FBI...
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...Social Organized Crime 2 Social institution is an organization or group that has a purpose, or goal, that successfully completes the goal, task or purpose by persuading or influencing the community to assist with achieving the goal. There are several ways that social institution applies to organized crime. Criminal organizations usually develop in areas where the organization offers a product that is desired by individuals that reside in a particular geographical location. This will help the organizations success in distribution, consuming the product and producing the product. The other focus of criminal organizations is the social structure of the community, the social control of the community, and the member participation within the community with each other. Criminal organizations form solid relations with legitimate businesses and owners willing to participate in the organizations success (University of Phoenix). The alien theory is individuals that are involved with organized crime in Italy and Sicily also known as the Sicilian Mafia or Costra Nostra. The alien conspiracy theory blames outside people and outside influences on organized crime. The alien conspiracy supposes to be a fact that organized crime mafia gained attention during the 1860s in Sicily and that the Sicilians are responsible for the organized crime (University of Phoenix). This was a migration of individuals to the United States to escape the law enforcement in their country....
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