...Report on organ sales Peng Yl Tutor: F.Yang Study skills 6/12 International Business Class 5 Table of contents 1. Executive summary This report was to research whether we should legalize the sale of human organs. It examined the cases about organ sales all over the world. The major methodology is case study of quality research. The main findings were that situation of organ translation and sales in entire world. It was concluded that legalize the sales of human organs can not make more people get rescue and the sale of human organs is a kind of crime. The recommendations are that organ sales should be banned and society needs a law to control the black market. 2. Introduction Here is the report concerning about whether we should legalize the sale of human organs. People has discussed about it for a long time. According to public reports, China has become the world's second largest organ transplantation country. In China, There are about ten thousand cases of transplant operation each year. Besides, millions of patients are waiting for organ transplants. Under the serious imbalance of organ supply, some patients tend to buy organs through black market. It resulted in the formation of underground organ trading chain. My assumption in this report is organ sales can not be legalized. The scopes of this report are the cases about organ sales all over the world. The methodology I used is quality research...
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...for survival, the law prohibiting the widespread of trading human organs in numerous nations is being a controversial issue. The information from “Topics for today” (Smith and Mare, 2004) as well as reference of other resources presenting in this paper does express two different perceptions. While most of ethical and political organisations oppose to transaction human organs, I still belive that it is necessary to legalize that business with the purpose of making the best endeavor in regaining the subsistence of millions patients. Revoking the law which does forbid the patient has the right to buy flesh and people has authority to sell their organs would be beneficial besides merely saving a person’s life. First of all, both dealers are beneficiaries from the business transaction. Ross Taylor, president of the British Transplantation Society revealed a tremendous view of the people who prepare to martyr themselves. Their desperate circumstances are motivations for them to sell their body organs for justifiable even lofty intention as paying off of debts, college tuitions or even saving their families. While their donations are considered as a gift for patients’ life, they are also rescued from the impoverished situation. Simultaneously, legalization of human organs trading facilitates for the available flesh to reach the expectation of people who are waiting for transplantation. The adequate resource of human organs synonyms with millions patients are saving. By contrast, the...
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...Commercialization of Organ Transplants Many critics argue that permitting organs to be bought and sold is unethical. In this paper I will review the arguments for and against commercialization of organ transplant. I will formulate my position on the debate of whether or not the sale of organs should be permitted and I will defend my moral judgment with an argument. I will also determine which normative theory best supports my conclusion. Nearly 100,000 people in the United States are on a waiting list for kidneys, hearts, livers, lungs, and other organs. Many of these people die each day because the high demand for organs greatly exceeds the supply, and the disparity is widening. Despite these laws and other strategies, such as organ donation cards, the organ shortage remains (Sadler & Sadler, 2012). Some people favor changing the federal law to allow people to buy and sell organs. Although, this approach is filled with ethical problems, including the risk that only the desperately poor would be persuaded, and possibly forced to sell their body parts (Sadler & Sadler, 2012). A problem that has been around is the trafficking of human organs. Despite severe and fine tuned laws most jurisdictions are unable to curb organ trafficking. Nor are they able to provide organs to the needy. There are reports of the kidnapping and murder of children and adults to “harvest” their organs (Kishore, 2005). Millions of people are suffering, not because the organs are not available...
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...Get Your Organ Here.....get your viable organ Excelsior University Get Your Organ Here.....get your viable organ Exceptional lifesaving transplantation of human tissues, have allowed us to prolong life due to technical advances in science and medicine. The market place for buying and selling of human organs should be legalized and regulated by the government. There is currently a widespread shortage of human organs available for transplantation (United Network for Organ Sharing, n.d.). The current program of unpaid organ donation is insufficient and has failed to produce anywhere near enough organs to meet the demand for them. The gap between supply and demand is wider in countries where there are strong religious sanctions or cultural inhibitions (Scheper-Hughes, 2000, p. 1). However, if people could be paid for their organs then many who would not donate them would sell them. This, by true measure is Autonomy. Persons are said to be autonomous when their actions are truly their own (A Scension Health, n.d.). No right is held more sacred or judiciously defended than that of every individual to possess control of his/her own person. Organ transplantation contributes significantly towards improving health, value of lifespan and decrease’s the probability of death from organ failure. We have a global market place for the sale of goods and services. Why should human organs be any different? Yes this notion conjures up a distressing scenario of ideas to which many objections...
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...The organ shortage: To market, or not to market? Jessica Peabody Baker College Organ transplantation is a term that most people are familiar with. When a person develops the need for a new organ either due to an accident or disease, they receive a transplant, right? No, that's not always right. When a person needs a new organ, they usually face a long term struggle that they may never see the end of, at least while they are alive. The demand for transplant organs is a challenging problem that many people are working to solve. Countries all over the world face the organ shortage epidemic, and they all have different laws regarding what can be done to solve it. However, no country has been able to create a successful plan without causing moral and ethical dilemmas. The organ shortage is at a critical level, and unless a better system is devised, it will continue to get worse. The debate on whether to legalize and regulate organ trade through the free market has become a very controversial issue in the last decade. The shortage of organs is a problem the increases dramatically every day. In 2010, there were more than 112,000 people on the organ waiting list in the United States. However, there were only 14,507 donors. Of those donors, only 6,564 were "live donors" (UNOS, 2010). Organ trafficking is rising in popularity due to the constant increase in demand for organs and the continuous decrease in supply. Trafficking is the illegal trade of human organs such as the heart...
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...Should Organ Market be legalized? Many people die each year while waiting on the list for an organ. The National Organ Transplant Act was founded to address the organ donation shortage and improve the organ matching. The National Organ Transplant Act is responsible for the placement process and the managing of the waitlist. But in title three section one of the National Organ Transplant Act the federal government bans the buying and selling of organs in the United States. The growth in population and the decrease in organ donation has resulted in organs deficit. There is a growing supply and demand gap in the United States. The non-legalization of organ markets goes against the concept of choice and individual rights which is part of the foundation of the United States. The body is a private property and people should have the right to do as they please with their body. By having an organ market there will be many economic and personal benefits. Some arguments that are proposed by people against the organ market are that the legalization of the sale of human organs would create a black market. A black market that might increase crime in the illegal pursuit of organs. It is also believed that organ market will result in many negative externalities; a negative externality is a cost that is suffered by a third party that was not included in the original plans. An example of a negative externality that would arise from the legalization of organ market would be an increasing child...
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...The Organ Shortage Problem 1) Current organ market in US In US, the National Organ Transplantation Act (NOTA), which since 1984 has forbid the buying and selling of human organs. Established by NOTA in 1984 under HRSA is the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN). The primary purpose of OPTN is to operate a fair system for allocating organs donated for transplantation; maintain and monitor a waiting list of potential recipients, match potential recipients with organ donors according to established medical criteria. Controls listing and de-listing of transplant patients, facilitate efficient/effective placement of organs for transplantation, and to increase organs donated. However, from our reading and further research, using the most commonly transplanted organ kidney as an example, we found out that as of 2012, 95000 Americans were on the waiting list for new kidney. That year only 16500 transplant operations were performed. Our research data shows currently in the US, the average waiting time for a kidney is 4.5 years. This situation in comparison to 10 years ago is far worse. Data shows that 10 years ago, the average waiting for a kidney of 2.9 years. In addition to the long waiting period, the waiting period also varies from state to states. Therefore, as Becker suggested, the current system so far have been inadequate to end the shortage. Base on data provided from our reading, current organ market in US can be demonstrated in below two D-S diagrams: The above...
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...Commercialization of Transplants Introduction The 1983 Human Tissue Act 65 regulates every aspect concerning organ transplants (Schicktanz, and Chair in Bioethics (Ḥefah), 2013). Since its last amendment in 1989, there have been tremendous developments in medical science. Presently, organ transplants are nearly routine operations in various hospitals. Commercializing human part for transplantation has also seen an increase in demand for sperms, hair, plasma, eggs, among others. Even so, there are arguments for and against the commercialization of human organs such as marrow, kidney, and sundry, with both sides of the arguments facing criticism. It is imperative to investigate ethical aspects regarding commercialization of human organs. To reach a conclusion on whether it is ethical or unethical, this paper summarizes both sides of the argument and later presents a moral argument and rationale for commercialization of transplants. Without commercialization, there would be few potential donors willing to give out their organs to a dying patient who needs the specific organ urgently, which is contrary to human dignity. This is the moral argument in this report. Arguments for commercialization In 2009, a group of cancer patients, bone-marrow donation advocates, and parents filled a lawsuit against the US government. The federal law had banned buying and selling of human organs. One of the parents had three daughters suffering from a blood disorder called Fanconi anemia, whose...
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...In the essay “Organ Sales Will Save Lives”, Joanna MacKay argues that the sale of human organs should not be banned, but instead, regulated. The author started her argument by noting, “There are thousands of people dying to buy a kidney and thousands of people dying to sell a kidney” (McKay). Her stance in noting how many lives are lost because of this problem made a strong starting point in her argument. Joanna MacKay’s extraordinary arguments impacted my viewpoints regarding this problem and convinced me to side with her. The regulation of human organs in the United States should be considered. “About 350,000 Americans suffer from end-stage renal disease, a state of kidney disorder so advanced that the organ stops functioning altogether”...
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...blood type and phone number because of how such an overwhelming majority want to sell their kidneys and other organs. Vietnam is using a system far ahead of the rest of the world as a solution to the available organs until growable organs become a reality. Therefore the legalization and creating of a system for the monetary compensation for organ donors to motivate them to save the lives of millions. Thus I chose to write my thesis advocating the use of such a system. With this system the medical world can, like Vietnam, not only eliminate the organ shortage of organs such as kidneys and liver, but we can save medical expenses to those receiving said organs. Yet there are still...
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...commercialization of organ transplants have been a subject of ethical debate amongst healthcare professionals, ethicists and economists alike. There have been arguments made for and against the sale of organs. This paper will examine the ethical arguments associated with purchasing organs and determine whether it is ethical to do so. Arguments for and against the commercialization of organ transplants Supporters of the commercialization of organ transplants argue that it could effectively assist in greatly reducing the organ donor waiting lists. Kidneys, for example has a waiting list of 99,201 people in the United States (kidney.org, 2014). Some supporters, such as Julio J Elias, an economist at the State University of New York, Buffalo believes that marketing organs can work, it is less a matter of morals than it is a matter of social cost (Ireland, 2008). He believes that once society sees the benefits of commercializing transplants, they will no longer view it as unethical. Arguers against the commercialization of organ transplants believe that the sale of organs will ultimately prompt the exploitation of the poor. In a bulletin of the World Health Organization, it states that the neediest in poorer countries are often exploited by countries with a thriving market for organs (Garwood, 2007). Arguers worry that by commercializing transplants, it will cause a mass decent on those poor countries for the willing, yet uninformed, agreeing to sell their organs. My position...
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...Commercialization of Organ Transplants Rosetta Jeter Professor Rufus Robinson BUS309 - Business Ethics May 1, 2014 The commercialization of human organs for transplantation is a possibility with the potential to supply one hundred percent of the demand for organs. The ethical debate if whether to commercialize the sale of human organs has been prohibited in the United States since 1984 by the National Organ Transplantation Act. The principle fact that the heart, blood, corneas, skin, semen, tissue, female eggs, liver, hair, and lungs could be sold at a price which the rich people would exploitate and take advantage of poor people. However, the trading of human organs is being done any way. Putting the market into the open will open the door f or safety of the donor and the recipient. There are a vast majority of pre-trial medical studies being done with patients that have a certain type of diseases every day in the United States and are paid for the use of the study on them and the supplies are free as well as the services. Opening the market may control some of the illegal organ trading and if the trade is done legally and safe it would benefit them both even thru the death of the donor would benefit with a proper burial and compensate their family. The position of whether the sale of organs should be permitted or not should involve the donor, recipient, and medical authority for each one of them, for safe...
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...Commercialization of Organ Transplants Naomia Curtis BUS309 Prof. Kenneth A. Pino The idea of sale of organs normally pops the question of whether or not this should be allowed. Well, legally the sale of organs in exchange for money or any other mode of payment is not accepted. However, there are several businesses and medical practitioners that want to change this. One of the notable associations that fight for this idea to go through is the AMA (American Medical Association). To justify their actions, they mention that the ethical issues behind the sale of organs favor the idea. This motivates them in fighting for laws restricting such sale of organs to be legal. The sale of organs is normally favored by two arguments. The first argument is the notion that the owner of the organ has every right to do as he/she wishes with their body parts. Secondly, there is a big shortage in the number of organs ready for transplant that has even led to radical measures being put in place to ensure that more organs for donations are present. Whether the organs would be sold, there is justification due to the high shortage being experienced. Arguments that are against the sale of organs are normally thrown back and forth. Nevertheless there are two clear arguments that reflect on the above arguments that have been mentioned. The first argument is the fact that selling organs eventually leads to commoditization of the bodies. The second argument that is not in favor of the sale of organs is that this...
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...Commercialization of Organ Transplants Strayer University Business Ethics BUS309 Professor Bennett July 27, 2014 Commercialization of Organ Transplants Thousands of people die every day waiting on an organ transplant. But whose really say which patient is in more need than the next patient. The demand for organs in the medical community is very high, but solely dependent on the altruistic donations from willing participants or family members. The biggest obstacle would be trying to find enough organs to be donated to meet the demand of the many patients, but also be an exact match. The sale of organs has been banned since October of 1984. But the argument of how lucrative the profit can be has been discussed over and over again. It has been argued that commodification may not be the best option, but it could be ideal for the medical community. So many organizations believe that it is immoral to sell and buy organs of another human being for profit as if it was a piece of property. Other organizations feel that if you’re only going to dispose of the organs and there is a good use for them, why a profit can’t be made from the sale of the organs. The Organ Transplant Network believes that there is a great market in selling organs and the bigger picture is that it could possibly remedy the black market of selling organs illegally. The Organ Transplant Network believes that if a network was designed it can still be for volunteers and receive donations, but they would...
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...In the article “Organ Sales Will Save Lives” by Joanna MacKay, argues that governments should not be allowed to ban the sale of organs. She also argues in favor of allowing the selling of organs, kidneys in particular. MacKay starts out by providing some background information about renal disease, a kidney disease, and possible treatments for it. She writes about how it could benefit the poor by getting them some money they desperately need; she also points out how the poor might be exploited. MacKay mentions the dangers of transferring a kidney, along with how studies have been conducted showing that a person can function just fine with one kidney. She tells us that controlling the world’s organ market would be difficult, but trying to manage...
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