...Matt Smith Political Theory 2/7/02 Locke/Hobbes vs. the United Nations After WWII the world was in disarray after having witnessed the second global conflict. The countries of the world came together to form the United Nations, an organization comprised of the nations of the world in an attempt to deal with crisis and future events in a way that would deter the onset of another such conflict. Some believe that the United Nations should be a global governing body. Others may argue on the side of John Lock or Thomas Hobbes in saying the United Nations is a civic government for the nations of the world -- a Leviathan to ensure order and harmony between the states of the Earth. These people would be mistaken in their assumptions and interpretations of Locke and/or Hobbes’s thought. Both Locke and Hobbes would argue consistently that the United Nations would not work and does not make sense given the state of nature that man comes from. John Locke explained his theory of the state of nature in his Second Treatise on Government. According to Locke man exists in the state of nature as an individual coexisting peacefully with other human beings. The reason for this peaceful coexistence between people in the state of nature is because of a few simple rules. The first of these is the respect of people’s life, liberty, and property. A person’s life and liberty are forms of his property. If a person was to in some way take away another person’s property then that...
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...developed for the nursing profession in Australia. It is relevant to all nurses at all levels and areas of practice including those encompassing clinical, management,education and research 1 domains. This Code is framed by the principles and standards set forth in the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the World Health Organization’s Constitution and publication series entitled Health and Human Rights; and the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2 2004: Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world. In considering this Code and its companion, the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, it should be borne in mind that they are designed for multiple audiences: nurses; nursing students; people requiring or receiving nursing care; the community generally; employers of nurses; nursing regulatory authorities; and consumer protection agencies. It is also noteworthy that the concepts of ‘ethics’ and ‘morality’ are substantially the same and have been used interchangeably throughout this Code. This Code outlines the nursing profession’s commitment to respect, promote, protect and uphold the fundamental rights of people who are both the recipients and providers of nursing and health care. It is supported by, and should be read in conjunction with, the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia and the National Competency...
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...than of attitudes of the heart.” - Roméo LeBlanc Aboriginal people are called the people from “First Nations” in Canada who have rich historical, cultural and spiritual traditions. However, many of these traditions were altered or even taken away upon the arrival of British and French settlers in Canada. Since then, forcing colonial culture and values on Aboriginal societies, the dispossession of Aboriginal lands and the seclusion of Aboriginals from modern amenities created a sequence of social, physical and spiritual devastation of their culture. Effect of these is quite noticeable even today. This is mainly because the Federal Government is not taking enough responsibility for providing proper support to Aboriginals with growing problems in the reserves. The Government of Canada recognizes the inherent right of self-government as an existing Aboriginal right under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 (AANDC). It recognizes that the inherent right may find expression in treaties, and in the context of the Crown's relationship with treaty First Nations. Recognition of the inherent right is based on the view that the Aboriginal peoples of Canada have the right to govern themselves in relation to matters that are internal to their communities, integral to their unique cultures, identities, traditions, languages and institutions, and with respect to their special relationship to their land and their resources. But recent projects initiated by Federal Government...
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...political power and the economic difficulties started to be overcome. Stresemann was a hardworking and honest politician who had the respect of many overseas political leaders. He used this respect to great effect and ensured the economic stability of the nation through the successful negotiation of the Dawes and Young plans. These limited the amount of reparation that Germany had to pay and used loans to stabilise a new Germany currency. Sensible and progressive foreign policies enabled Germany to come out of the imposed isolation. Germany was finally allowed to become a member of the League of Nations in 1925 as a result of the Locarno treaties. This, along with the previously mentioned economic developments ensured that German self esteem was significantly improved, and many of the woes of the early 1920's were forgotten as life, in general was improving for the majority of Germans. However not all was well in Stresemann's Germany. There was still political instability as no one party could gain a majority in the republic. This meant that decision making was difficult and could easily be overturned at the whim of a minority of parliamentarians. Unemployment did not fall, indeed it rose in the period: which lead to further economic problems. Further to this it was the case that, despite a general upturn in Germanic fortunes, the nation relied heavily upon the ongoing support of the USA. This support enabled not only the stability of Germany but enabled the high levels of...
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...Improvement Nation Good morning / afternoon / evening / night and best wishes for all of us. My name is __________ I came from Quezon City . This is my first year at TUP and I am currently Taking bachelor Science Information Technology. Before I begin my speech I would like to respect and give thanks to all of you. Improving the quality of the nation must be adopted and especially through education. Education is a long process, which ceaselessly to achieve one objective and open to new ideas and new concepts. That is the meaning of education so that one day the results of the education that will foster a new culture of human intelligence. During the intelligent human, it has the wisdom and virtue in his soul. Only after that, he was able to master science and technology. New culture that is the counter-culture which is then entered into the order of a society (culture) alternatives to be chosen by this nation. Everything is well organized through education, education that can educate, able to cultivate virtuous and wise soul, and master of science and technology. That's the future that will transform the nation into a new Philippines. This would seem to be, for education in Philippines. Not to mention the shortage of teaching staff resolved the problem, the problem of inadequate educational facilities come up, and following the high cost of education issues. We still feel as a nation that remains in many ways compared to other nations. Therefore, the only way for the nation is to...
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...How Does Leaders Communication Style in Multinational Organization Impact Upon the Achieving of Goals Table of Contents Introduction 3 Universal Leadership in Multinational Companies 4 Interpersonal Acumen and Leadership Communication in MNCs 4 Various Dimensions of Societal Culture and Effective Leadership 5 Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Leadership Communication in Achieving Goals 9 Recognition of Cross-Cultural Leadership for Attaining Goals 9 Conclusion 10 References 12 Introduction Business scenario at present is changing. This change in business environment has been dealt from different aspects in the form of emerging markets, globalization, exponential rate of change, different competitors, new technologies and many such. In short, it is to be identified that all these aspects lead to development of the concept called multiculturalism. Multiculturalism surely affects multinational companies and ultimately people and business worldwide. Due to changing business environment considerable changes in leadership communication styles have also taken place to cope up with the dynamic market trends. There had been a significant change in management and control focus to that of alignment focus. Also, significant change has occurred in the communication styles as different modes of communication and system of close interaction between the management and the rest of the organization are being introduced. As an inevitable consequence, the culture in multinational...
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...University of Hamburg Summer Semester 2014 The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights-Introduction, practical relevance and critical analysis Xiaoxiao Ding Master in International Business and Sustainability ABSTRACT: due to the increasingly significant influence of the transnational corporations in industrial and commercial fields in modern society, especially in the spheres of environment and labor protection, more and more cases raised involving their infringements of the international human rights laws. On June 16, 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council endorsed Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, providing guidance for the implementation of the United Nations " Protect, Respect and Remedy" Framework. In the form of " Soft Law", these principles specify what business enterprises should do to respect human rights and how to prevent the violations on human rights. This paper identifies the main idea of these principles, gives relevant practical references and analyzes these principles with a critical perspective. Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................. 2 2. The development and content of UN Guiding Principles......... 3 2.1 Historical development of UN Guiding Principles ........................ 3 2.2 The main idea of the UN Guiding Principles ................................. 4 2.3 The legal framework of the UN Guiding Principles ...................... 5 3. Practical...
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...but he gets treated with less respect as them. Although Crooks has worked on the ranch longer than the other men, he lacks the respect because in America blacks aren’t worth as much. During the Great Depression times were tough, and men traveled the country looking for work. Often they worked on farms, doing the dirty jobs. At this time black people were often isolated and segregated...
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...ishaan harsh Rroll.no 1279 Provision for Peacekeeping in the Charter of the United Nations The Charter of the United Nations was signed, in San Francisco, on 26 June 1945 and is the foundation document for all the United Nations work. The United Nations was established to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war” and one of its main purposes is to maintain international peace and security. Peacekeeping, although not explicitly provided for in the Charter, has evolved into one of the main tools used by the United Nations to achieve this purpose. The Charter gives the United Nations Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. In fulfilling this responsibility, the Security Council may adopt a range of measures, including the establishment of a United Nations peacekeeping operation. The legal basis for such action is found in Chapters VI, VII and VIII of the Charter. While Chapter VI deals with the “Specific Settlement of Disputes”, Chapter VII contains provisions related to “Action with Respect to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace and Acts of Aggression”. Chapter VIII of the Charter also provides for the involvement of regional arrangements and agencies in the maintenance of international peace and security provided such activities are consistent with the purposes and principles outlined in Chapter I of the Charter. United Nations peacekeeping operations have traditionally been associated with Chapter VI of the Charter...
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...German nations found themselves in a period of depression and disunity. Unemployment in the US had risen to nearly 25%, while nearly one-third of Germany’s worker’s was unemployed. In a time of crisis, both countries turned to new leadership in Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler in hopes of finding salvation to pull them out of their economic and mental depressions. Looking at the terms of the depression in each country, each leader had wildly different views of the causes behind why they were put in such a terrible state. President Roosevelt believed the biggest cause of the problems the US faced was the corrupted rulers- in this case, the bankers. The United States was in a very concerned state of distress. “Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind’s goods have failed, through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and abdicated.” (Cite One) Instead of rectifying their actions, however, all of the major bankers and corporations in the US just offered to lend even more money instead, aiming to help themselves out more than the people they claimed to be helping. The corporations begged to be trusted again, but Roosevelt believed they assumed a position of false leadership. Hitler, on the other hand, believed that there were two major causes behind the economic and moral depression in Germany: the effects of the Treaty of Versailles and communism. According to his Proclamation to the German Nation, Germany...
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...The Voice of a Feminist: Rhetorical Analysis of “Claiming an Education” “All I have, is a voice.” –W.H. Auden. These are five words that could leave a thoughtful philosopher speechless. But perhaps found within the lack of “finding a better word” moments, are when revolution seeds are planted in the hearts and tongues of the passionate. And if this is a truth, then Adrienne Rich was absolutely no exception. The radical feminist and poet opened her speech, “Claiming an Education” to the girls of Douglass College, in the most straightforward way as possible. In skimming the text, only the reader can imagine what was really communicated in the zeal and urgency behind her rehearsed words that day in 1977. Therefore, in light of under complication, it would only be right to focus on the three basic themes: the use of the weight of words, shown with “indivisible” to prove the relevant effectiveness, the relationship between orator to audience, and all together, what Rich’s underlying tone communicates. In “Claiming and Education” the orator, Adrienne Rich, with a foretelling voice, speaks to the women attending an all girls college, about the role they played to themselves and to their teachers, as students. Discussing the internal aspects, she explores the concept of not simply receiving an education, but rather claiming one, in the midst of obvious contradiction. Rich hopes for the idea that one day, the educational system will teach that ideas formulated from western, white men...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ACROSS CULTURES Conditions affecting multinational operations The people of the world are organized into communities and nations, each in its own way according to its resources and cultural heritage. Some nations are economically developed others are just now developing their natural and human resources. The conditions of work are different because of different attitudes, values, and expectations from participants. Understanding these differences and how they influence international organizational behavior is aided by examination of key social, legal, ethical, political, and economic conditions. • Social Conditions In many countries the social condition is poorly developed, there are major shortages of managerial personnel, scientists and technicians and these deficiencies limit the ability to employ local labor. Needed skills must be imported from other countries while the local workers will be prepared. • Legal and ethical conditions In judicial system, some countries practice rapid disposition of cases, in other countries cases may drag on for years. Some countries condone the practice of bribery as way of obtaining and retaining businesses others strictly prohibit it. Managers need to be aware of the possible differences in both laws and ethical values that define acceptable and unacceptable behaviors in foreign countries. The managers in foreign countries need to become familiar with local customs and practices. Applying...
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...states that The British Colonial power took advantage of. The British ruled Colonial Nigeria for 45 years, before handing over power on October 1, 1960. But, much like the aftermath of many other successful independence struggles in Africa, Nigeria too suffered the consequence of colonization post the British. Left with a weak central government, Nigeria could not begin a culture of an all-inclusive democratic means of governance. Seven years after independence; The Republic of Biafra, a separatist movement formed and raged havoc in the country. The struggle for self-determination now took its roots in southeastern Nigeria. The question of self-determination is not a question of autonomy as is, but really a question of rights, respect and freedom. The struggle of nations and nationalities for respect and dignity is a plea for equitable democracy. When the national question of democracy is answered, the demand of nations and nationalities will also be answered. Reason being, it is important to create a system of equitable democracy, and a culture of governance whereby the dignity and the rights of all humanity is respected and protected before the law. To lead such a system, leaders must first gain legitimacy to govern through a free, fair and competitive electoral process. In the recent elections, former president, Goodluck Jonathan handed over power peacefully to General Mohammad Buhari. This falls into the notion of governmental accountability where the Nigerian people legitimately...
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...Question 1: Hypothesis Test for US Public Transportation Year | Percent of Public Transportation | 1997 | 4.6 | 1999 | 4.9 | 2001 | 4.7 | 2003 | 4.4 | 2005 | 4.7 | 2006 | 4.8 | 2007 | 4.9 | 2008 | 5.0 | 2009 | 5.0 | 1/ Less than 5% of US citizens use public transportation according to several websites of U.S. Departments of Transportation Survey. = 4.778 SD = 0.199 n = 9 The test statistic: t= = = 71.276 We have enough evidence to reject H0 Thus, we have sufficient evidence to prove that less than 5% of US citizens use public transportation. Base on the data, in 2008 and 2009, the percentage of people who used public transportation was the highest (5%). Because of the development of the world in general and the U.S in particular, people in U.S prefer using bus, streetcar, subway, railroad, and elevated trains. In 1999 and 2007, there had high rate of proportion of residence using public transportation (4.9%) perhaps because of the population explosion. There were also 4.6% in 1997, 4.7% in 2001 and in 2005, and 4.8% in 2006 respectively. Resource: U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration Bureau of Transportation Statistics National Transportation Statistics http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/2010/html/table_01_38.html Question 2: Multiple Regressions We take the data from OSEVEN Company (www.oseven.vn) The result of the Regression for the percentage: ...
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...Culture, in my own opinion, is a unique system of values and norms that are believed by a group of people who live in the same society. Since culture is unique, Geert Hofstede tried to study the differences. After the study, he proposed five dimensions to measure the cultural difference between nations. The following parts will explain Hofstede Framework briefly. The first dimension is Power Distance. It is a tool to measure the power difference between levels in organization. In a group with high power distance, the majority of people would tend to respect in authority and establish hierarchy. When observing their behavior, they would have a great esteem on the class of social level. By contrary, a society with a low power distance would not fear authority and view themselves as equal with equal rights. Generally, the power distance in Oriental is higher than that in Occidental. The second dimension is Individualism vs. Collectivism. This index measures the preference of a group of people in considering self-benefit or group-benefit. In a society of collectivism, the society would have strong group cohesion and have higher responsibility on others well-being. Besides, the management level would tend to discuss with their subordinates before making a decision. By contrary, people will have loose ties and lack of interpersonal connection when a society prefers individualism. Generally, the Oriental prefer to focus on collectivism; the Occidental prefer to focus on the individualism...
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