...Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder. English term schizophrenia comes from two Greek words that mean “split mind” it was found in 1908 by Eugene Bleuler Swiss doctor. Main characteristic of schizophrenia splitting apart of mental functions. Schizophrenia is a group of disorders, which affects thinking, emotions, behavior. Most of the people who diagnosed with schizophrenia disorder may have enhanced perceptions of sounds, and colors. There are two different types of such disorder type one and type two. It is split in to five different subtypes Paranoid, Disorganized, Catatonic, Undifferentiated, and Residual. Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorders that is more common in one racial group than the other, and have different effect on the person according to their racial group. Many times schizophrenia is misdiagnosed with autism especially in children by the persistence of hallucinations and delusions for at least six months, and a later age of onset seven years old. Children with schizophrenia is educated in special schools where they get extra help and surrounded with the faculty that trained to work with children that have mental disorders. When it comes to outside world people might be discriminated against because of schizophrenia, there for law were created to protect you if you are schizophrenic. There is a lot of treatments and medication to treat such disorder but actual cure is not found. ...
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...Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects many people in the world today. Most people with this disease are considered disabled because daily life as a normal citizen is almost impossible. “People with schizophrenia may hear voices that other people don't hear. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make any sense when they talk,” (National Institute of Mental Health). The symptoms of schizophrenia vary from mild to severe depending on the patient. “Schizophrenia is characterized by the following symptoms; delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking and emotional unresponsiveness,” (Simon, Harvey, and David Zieve). There is not yet a single cause of schizophrenia that is known. “Rather, it appears to be a result of multiple causes such as genetic factors, environmental and psychological assaults, and possible hormonal changes that alter the brain’s chemistry,” (Simon, Harvey, and David Zieve). There are many risk factors of schizophrenia such as, age, gender, intelligence, cultural and geographic factors, socioeconomic factors, famine and malnutrition, and other factors are associated with this illness. “Schizophrenia is categorized as a brain disease, not a psychological disorder, and drug treatment is the primary therapy,” (Simon, Harvey, and David Zieve). There are other therapies available to help with this disease. “The doctor will use one or more verbal screening tests to help determine whether a patient’s symptoms meet the criteria...
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...2015 Critically discuss how people who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia are able to live positively with their disorder Student No: 47851449 Due date: June 17th 2015 Assignment 3 PYC4802 Psychopathology Fatima-H TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 3 2. Definition of Schizophrenia...................................................................... 3 3. Diagnostic criteria of Schizophrenia......................................................... 4 4. Hallmark features of Schizophrenia......................................................... 5 5. Living positively with Schizophrenia......................................................... 7 5.1 Pharmacological Intervention................................................................. 8 5.2 Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy............................................................. 9 5.3 Psychosocial treatments........................................................................ 9 5.4 Positive psychological interventions...................................................... 10 5.5 Community-based rehabilitation for people with schizophrenia............. 11 5.6 Occupational Therapy............................................................................ 12 5.7 Living a healthy lifestyle.............................................................
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...with the tragic story of this talented but mentally ill musician. The two form a friendship, which is complicated by the struggles they have to face when dealing with Ayers’ schizophrenia. Nathanial Ayers is portrayed in the film as having paranoid schizophrenia. Schizophrenia generally consists of three types of symptoms – positive, negative, and cognitive. Positive symptoms are hallucinations, delusions, confused...
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...CONTENTS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------PAGE 1. Schizophrenia--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2. Symptoms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2.1. Positive symptoms----------------------------------------------------------------------4 Hallucinations---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Delusions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Disorganized Thinking (Speech)----------------------------------------------------------5 Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior-----------------------------------------------------5 2.2. Negative symptoms--------------------------------------------------------------------5 Alogia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Affective flattening--------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Avolition----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 3. Types of schizophrenia--------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Paranoid Schizophrenia-------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Hebephrenic Schizophrenia--------------------------------------------------------------------6 Undifferentiated Schizophrenia---------------------------------------------------------------6 ...
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...Mood DISORDERS Mood DISORDERS are defined by the presence of mood EPISODES Types of Mood DISORDERS • depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) • bipolar (Bipolar I/II disorder, cyclothymia) • secondary to GMC, substances, medications _ mood EPISODES represent a combination of symptoms comprising a predominant mood state • types of Mood EPISODES: major depressive, manic, mixed, hypomanic MOOD EPISODES Major Depressive Episode (MDE) A. at least 5 of the following symptoms present for 2 weeks, one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest • M ood - depressed • S leep - increased or decreased (if decreased, often early morning awakening) • I nterest - decreased • G uilt/worthlessness • E nergy - decreased or fatigued • C oncentration/difficulty making decisions • A ppetite and/or weight increase or decrease • P sychomotor activity - increased or decreased • S uicidal ideation B. symptoms do not meet criteria for mixed episode C. symptoms cause significant social or occupational impairment/distress D. exclude if substance-induced or due to a GMC E. symptoms not better accounted for by bereavement (a constellation of depressive symptoms meeting criteria for a MDE appearing within 2 months of the death of a close relative) Manic Episode A. a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least 1 week (or less if hospitalized) B. during this period three of the following symptoms (four if mood is only irritable; mnemonic...
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...In 1985, Richard Ramirez told police, “I spent my childhood in fear because all the other kids my age picked on me because of my appearance, but one night I went to the bedroom of one of the boys who tormented me and something came over me; something evil….a craving, that his death would satisfy me. Later as I was running from the scene, covered in blood, I thought ‘Was I a monster like all of them said or was I just pushed too far? (Hansen.)” Serial killers are one of the most fascination and morbid groups of people to study. A serial killer is someone who kills three or more people with a cooling off period (Hickey). Now the FBI has changed it to two people. In between their crimes the serial killer appears normal and fits in with society quite well. Serial killers are very different from all other murders. A serial killer is smart, cunning, and will conceal everything they can. A mass murder kills or tries to kill a lot of people at one time; like shooting up a school or movie theater. A spree murder kills one or two victims here drives to another town and does it again. There seems to be no logic to mass and spree killers. A serial killer is very special and has certain characteristics. Serial killers aren’t caught more quickly, because it is possible that many would-be serial killers are apprehended before they kill the three or more victims required to qualify them as such in the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Similarly, it is certain that some serial killers are detained...
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...Final Exam: Spring 2015 Dr. Heath What is urbanization? population shift from urban to rural areas...What disciplines contribute to our understanding of urbanization? What factors are considered in determining if an area is “an urbanized area”? How is urbanization related to psychology? Is urbanization increasing or decreasing in the U.S.? Worldwide? What percentage of the world citizens currently are estimated to live in an urban area? What percentage is projected to live in an urban area by 2050? What part of the world will have most of the biggest cities, the developed countries or the developing countries? How does increasing urbanization create stressors for poor urban dwellers? On what measure is Global Burden of Disease (GBD) based? What does this formula mean: DALY = YLL + YLD ?disabilty-adjusted life year =YLL = years of life lost due to premature mortalityYLD = years lived with disability. Do mental disorders contribute to YLL or YLD or both? What is WHO? World health organization...What classification scheme does the WHO use to classify mental disorders? What classification scheme does the USA use to classify mental disorders?International classification of diseases!! What are ICD-10(above) and DSM? diagnostic and statistical maual of mental disorder!!!!Why does it matter what a person’s disorder is classified as? What is depression? What physical diseases does depression correlate with (and probably contribute to)? What are some likely mechanisms by which...
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...have presented me with. I am confident that I can live up to your expectations. There are many different forms of psychological disorders. These disorders can, and do, range from simple common phobias to schizophrenia. These would be considered a disorder of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions (Pinel, 2006). These disorders are labeled in accordance to the predominant features (Heffner, 1999-2003). Schizophrenia is caused by the splitting of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functions of the brain. The symptoms vary for those who have been diagnosed as being schizophrenic. Some of the symptoms would be: hallucinations, difficulty paying attention, thought pattern in disarray, delusions, catatonia, and “word salad” (Pawlik-Kienlen, 2007). To better understand what these symptoms are we can break them down. To begin hallucinations are voices that are not really there. These voices may tell someone to do something that is completely out of character for them. Thought pattern being in disarray means that someone’s thoughts are illogical, irrational, and disorganized (Pinel, 2007). Difficulty paying attention simply means that a person...
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...1% of the world’s population. This means 51 million people worldwide are affected. Approximately 2.2 million people in the United States, roughly six to twelve million people in China and 250,000 in Britain are living with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia affects men and women. It is usually diagnosed by behavior around the ages of 15-25. Men usually exhibit symptoms earlier than females. People that live in the city have a higher incidence of schizophrenia than people in the country. According to research immigrants such as people from the Caribbean living in the United Kingdom have a greater rate of schizophrenia than the native people of that area. (Fearon,. Et al. 2006) Some researchers speculate that this is due to changed environmental and social factors. The loss of social or family support and change in cultural environment has been thought to trigger biological stressors. Schizophrenia is one type of psychotic disorder, schizoaffective and schizophreniform are other types. Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by psychotic symptoms and significant mood disturbances. Schizophreniform disorder has the same criteria as Schizophrenia but the episode lasts from one to six months and there is no deterioration of social status. Schizophrenia is different in that psychotic symptoms continue for at least six months coupled with the deterioration of occupational and social functioning. (psychiatrynetworks.com) It is difficult to accurately get statistics...
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...abuse is a terrible epidemic in the United States because so many people die every day from drug overdose and drug abuse can lead to long term health problems. The current statistics state that one in four people die from fatal drug overdose. The most commonly abused drugs fall into six categories, have both “positive” effects and adverse effects, withdrawal symptoms and overdose potentials. The first category I want to explore is Stimulants. The drugs most commonly abused from this category are Amphetamines and Cocaine. Each drug in this category will give the user the feeling of increased energy, increased strength feelings of euphoria and a suppressed appetite. The adverse effects of this type of drug are an increased blood pressure, dry mouth, weight loss, mood swings, and paranoia. The most commonly seen withdrawal effects are mental agitation, depression, and panic. Both Amphetamines and Cocaine have the potential for fatal overdose even in small amounts. The next category I am going to talk about is Hallucinogens. The most commonly abused drugs from this category are LSD, Ecstasy, and Mushrooms. The drugs in this category give the user the effects of hallucinations, euphoria, increased sexual arousal and increased energy. The adverse effects of this category are flashbacks, mood swings and dizziness. There are rarely any withdrawal symptoms seen with any drug in this category. Ecstasy is the only drug in this category believed to result in...
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...adults (48%), they were less likely to experience frequent symptoms of insomnia than their younger counterparts (45% vs. 62%), and their symptoms were more likely to be associated with medical conditions, according to the 2003 poll of adults between the ages of 55 and 84. Insomnia is a symptom of sleep disorder of having difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. It is usually followed by functional impairment while awake. People who have insomnia complain about being able to close their eyes or “rest their minds” for more than a minute Sleep Disorders 4 at a time. Insomnia is also broken down into different types. Transient Insomnia can last from days to weeks. It can be caused by another sleep disorder, changes in the sleep environment, depression, or stress. Its consequences are sleepiness and things similar to those of sleep deprivations. Another type of...
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...as the chance to review the two case studies that you have allowed me to review. I am sure I can provide the information you are looking for in a professional manner. To begin, there are many different types of psychological disorders and they are all somewhat the same but also very different. A mental disorder can range from something that slightly disrupts a person’s life, for instance a mild case of anxiety all the way to something as grim as schizophrenia. These disorders affect each aspect of our lives to include cognitive, emotional, and behavioral roles. (Pinel, 2006). Schizophrenia and mental disorders in general are characterized by disturbances of mental functioning, analogous to disturbances of bodily functioning. (Press, 2010) The symptoms vary for those who have been diagnosed as being schizophrenic, as with anything each case will be different in severity. There are two different types of symptoms which are positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms do include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech and inappropriate affect. Negative symptoms include poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition and social withdrawal. To have a better understanding of what each symptom entails we will review each of them. Hallucinations often occur in the hearing realm, meaning individuals hear voices that aren’t really there and they are usually described as being heard as a third person referring to oneself. These voices...
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...Unit 619 Understand mental health problems Describe the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system: mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, cognitive disorders MOOD DISORDERS BIPOLAR DISORDER In bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, there are swings in mood from elation to depression with no external cause. During the manic phase of this disorder, the patient may show excessive, unwarranted excitement or silliness, carrying jokes too far. They may also show poor judgement and recklessness and may be argumentative. They may speak rapidly, have unrealistic ideas, and jump from subject to subject. They may not be able to sleep or sit still for very long. These symptoms are last for a specific period of time lasting for a few days or even a few months. Hospitalization can often be necessary to keep the person from harming themselves and others. The other side of the bipolar is the depressive episode. Bipolar depressed patients often sleep more than usual and are lethargic. This contrasts with those with major depression, who usually has trouble sleeping and is agitated. During bipolar depressive episodes, a patient may also show irritability and withdrawal. Manic episodes can occur without depression, but this is very rare. DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS A person suffering from major depressive disorder is in a depressed mood...
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...diagnosis will determine whether or not a person can be judged insane by a court. To define behavior as abnormal, it must meet the following standards. 1. Distressful – It is upsetting for self and others. 2. Dysfunctional – It is maladaptive, inhibits personal goals or ability to function on own. 3. Dangerous – Potentially to self or others. 4. Deviant – Is not tolerated by cultural norms and/or is statistically odd, keeping in mind context of behavior. (Religious practice gets a pass.) 5. *Duration – Behaviors, Affects and/or Cognitions are persistent regardless of circumstance over time. 6. *Detachment – Person holds beliefs or acts in ways that do not correspond to reality. (Religious practice gets a pass.) TYPES OF RESEARCH- One and two apply only to the social sciences, whereas three, four and five apply to both natural and social sciences, with exception to history, which relies solely on case studies and archaeological based observations. In this case though, I’m only talking how these methods are used for psychology. 1. CASE STUDIES- A detailed account of a subject’s personal history that can be used to draw conclusions based on availability. While specific and possibly accurate to an individual, case studies lack internal and external validity (The confounding factors cannot be...
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