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The Sources of Energy for Muscle Contraction

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Leroux van der Hoven

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Discuss the sources of energy for muscle contraction

Sources of energy for muscle contraction
Muscle contraction is dependent on energy supplied by ATP. The majority of this energy is needed to actuate the walk-along mechanism by which the cross-bridges drag the actin filaments, but some energy is also needed for (1) propelling C ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum from the sarcoplasm after the contraction is over and (2) propelling sodium and potassium ions through the muscle fiber membrane to keep suitable ionic environment for conduction of muscle fiber action potentials
The ATP concentration in the muscle fiber is enough to maintain full contraction up to 2 seconds. ADP is formed after it splits from ATP and ADP transports energy from the ATP molecule to the contracting machinery of the muscle fiber. After that, the ADP is rephosphorylated and new ATP is synthesized within a few split seconds which permit the muscle to maintain its contraction.
Numerous sources of energy for rephosphorylation exist, the first one being phosphocreatine which transports a high-energy phosphate bond almost the same to the bonds of ATP. Phosphocreatine has a little bit more free energy than that of an ATP molecule. Thus, phosphocreatine is immediately cleaved and the energy released from it results in the combining of a new phosphate ion to ADP to reconstitute the ATP. However, there is not much phosphocreatine in the muscle fiber and thus, the collective energy of the stored ATP and the phosphocreatine in the muscle is able to maximum muscle contraction for only a short period of time (5 – 8 seconds)
Another major source of energy for the reconstitution of ATP and phosphocreatine, is ‘glycolyis’ of glycogen which was earlier stored in the muscle cells. Quick enzymatic decomposition of the glycogen to pyruvic

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