...The Spanish Empire was one of the biggest European empires to ever be created. Spain had a lot of potential but did not have the ability to continue expanding their empire. In 1588 the decline of the Spanish empire began as the English defeated the “Invincible” Spanish Armada. This defeat was due to the failure of proper strategic planning. The leaders in these two countries had different techniques when it came to ruling their kingdoms. When comparing the two, Elizabeth I who was the Queen of England was a more organized and supportive ruler than Philip II the King of Spain. At the time of the battle, the Spanish were not well prepared and made many mistakes. And last but not least the terrible weather and bad luck had an impact on the outcome....
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...1 “Armada is the Spanish word for a fleet” (http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/sea-and-ships/facts/navies-and-warships/the-spanish-armada)The Spanish Armada took place from June to September in 1588. “The Spanish Armada’s task was to overthrow protestant England lead by Queen Elizabeth I. “ ( http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-spanish-armada/) The Armada is famous because Enlgand was a small nation with a small navy, they were going up against the greatest power in the world that was Spain. It took place at “The English Channel, the North Sea and the seas around the North and West of Scotland, the Orkneys and the West of Ireland.” http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/tudors/armada.htm With the help from Mother Nature they defeated...
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...But in 1587, Raleigh sponsored another settlement attempt and this one was different. Different in that for the first time families came. This was the first hint that the English settlements might depart from the Spanish model. During this settlement attempt the first English citizen was born in America, a girl named Virginia Dare. The leader of this expedition was John White, adventurer and artist. After helping everyone get settled, White returned to England for more supplies. He was delayed for three years, however, due to the war between England and Spain. You will recall of the greatest sea battles in history took place between these two countries in 1588, the Battle of the Spanish Armada. It was not until after the English defeat of the Spanish Armada that White could return to Roanoke. He eventually returned in 1590 to find the island completely deserted. White later wrote, “I found my books torn from the covers, the frames of some of my pictures and maps rotten and spoiled with rain.” He failed to find any hint of their new location other than the word CROATOAN was carved on a post. There was an island nearby with a similar name and White thought that perhaps the settlers may have gone there. But bad weather did not permit White to investigate and he eventually returned without ever knowing what happened to the settlers and it remains a mystery to this day. In the decades that followed sailors exploring the coastal region of the Carolinas reported seeing Caucasians interspersed...
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...sister Princess Elizabeth. In 1556, Philip II was crowned King of Spain after Charles V abdicated to retire to a monastery (Philip had already been given Naples, the Netherlands, Sicily and Milan by his father). In 1558, Queen Mary I died. Philip then tried to persuade her sister the Queen of England, Elizabeth I, to marry him - his plan failed. King Philip II had done some invasions when he was king. In 1567 the King Philip II sent the Spanish army to put down the protestant uprising in the Netherlands. In 1571 the Spanish navy destroys Turkish navy in the Mediterranean. In 1588, The Spanish Armada of 132 ships is defeated by the English fleet of 34 ships and 163 armed merchant vessels under Lord Howard of Effingham, Sir Francis Drake, and Sir John Hawkins (war between Spain and England continues until 1603). King Philip II of Spain believe that he was protected by the hand of god and convinced people that everything he does was from god and everything will go their way. King Philip’s theory was wrong as the Spanish Armada of 132 ships were defeated by a English fleet of 34 ships and 163 merchant vessels. Clearly god’s hand was not there to make things go...
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...Hapsburg Spain Empire created by Ferdinand and Isabella. They began this Spanish dominating empire in 1479. Their legacy held strong until 1598, when they were overpowered by the Spanish Armada. The downfalls of Hapsburg Empire were due to it being inherited instead of them being prepared and earning the responsibility to handle such a strong empire. By 1600’s a new era was embarked upon and the power of this Empire was ceased. In 1479 to 1516 Ferdinand and his wife Isabella ruled Europe. Together they started the beginning of the Spanish Empire and had power over Europe during the sixteenth century. During this time they shaped their empire, gained back territory and made up a Spanish character centered on “blood” ancestry and religion. Blood purity and orthodoxy were predominant to the Spanish values. Also they built up an army that was one of the most superior in Europe. Then in 1516 to 1556 Charles V was handed the Hapsburg Spain Empire because he was the grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella. Charles V inherited Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, Sardinia, Sicily, the kingdom of Naples, and Franche-Comté, and was later elected Holy Roman emperor. This seemed to be a lot to take on and started being hard for Charles to govern all these duties efficiently. During his time in power he was presented with problems that ultimately lead to Spain’s downfall and weaken the Hapsburg legacy. The strengths and weaknesses of Hapsburg Spain Empire became more obvious by 1556, when Philip...
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...The Spanish Armada How does a so called “invincible” navy fail to destroy the inferior British Navy? The Spanish Armada was said to be the “invincible” navy that fell in the late 1500s. They were called invincible because of their ocean experience due to exploration, which ironically a newer smaller British military defeated. Philip II, King of Spain and controller of much land was behind the Armada while Queen Elizabeth, Queen of England was the one who had angered Philip II. The old ways of the Armada was why they were so easily defeated. From June to September, 1588, war raged between the Spanish and British navies. Most of the action took place in the English Channel, and areas close to Scotland and Ireland were being battled upon as well. At this time in the sixteenth century, new military tactics were being introduced. The British capitalized on using them, but the old and mighty Spanish Armada was using their old faithful yet outdated tactics. The Spanish used their traditional style ships rather than the smaller, nimbler ships of the British. The battle took place on the...
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...The Queen that was a King In 1588, the Spanish invasions upon England posed as a severe threat among the British, thus the general morale of the nation lessened.In response to the threat, Queen Elizabeth I gave a speech to the English army at Tilbury, which consisted of optimistic attitude, authoritative leadership, and reassuring tone, in order to fortify the confidence of her apparent timid soldiers and strive for victory against the Spanish Armada. In the effort to encourage her troops, Queen Elizabeth I uses her optimistic attitude to display patriotism to the troops and people of England. As an assertive leader, it was important for Queen Elizabeth to display a confident attitude for the sake of her fellow citizens. Her optimistic attitude was displayed during the speech as seen when she says “I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king.” She indicates that though she is a woman and people infer that women are weak, she is as strong as a king and no one can kill her confidence. Society typically functions well when the designated leader shows determination and trust in his or her people. In this situation, the Queen of England must present herself with an attitude that pleases her community for the benefit of nationalism. Her confidence remains consistent throughout her speech and demonstrates how she has faith in her troops to prevail. Queen Elizabeth’s authoritative identity is shown as she addresses her troops...
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...APEH Spain Essay By: Lynlea Kiser Within a century, Spain had risen to the top and fallen back down. They are many reasons for the rise and fall of Spain. The rise and fall all began with Christopher Columbus’s exploration to the new world in 1492 to discover the new land. Columbus exploration started two centuries of the Spanish exploring the new world and discovering new things. This caused a social rise with money and technology. With the new technology and money they began to focus more on the pride of the country. This first caused the Golden Age of Spanish Art which helped to show the pride of Spain. El Greco and Diego Velasquez helped to contribute to their pride by contributing to the Catholicism of Spain in Spain's monarchy. El Greco's real name was Domenikos Theotocopoulos. He led the people to become great Catholics by distorting the human figure and aiding to their emotional needs. His techniques showed the deep catholic faith. The Works of El Greco's Spoliation showed the pride of Spain's monarchy. Velazquez was the artist accompanying King Philip the IV. He is best known for his portraits of the royal family. Diego was famous for his use of rich color in all of his art work. He also did work for Charles IV's family. His paintings also helped in showing the pride of Spain. When Philip Augustus forced the Jews to convert to Christianity changed the perspective of the Catholics in Spain. Many that did not have the urge to witch beliefs left the country forever...
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...The Latin American wars of independence were notably conducive to the decline of the Spanish Empire however, the decline can not be attributed singularly to the Latin American wars of Independence as there were other subsidiary factors involved. The Latin American wars of independence were a series of revolutions within South America causing Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Haiti and Columbia to become independent countries. These wars drained the Spanish Empire’s resources, enforcing its decline in the early 19th century. Prior to the wars of independence, poor economic conditions, the destruction of the Spanish Armada, as well as an imperialistic overstretch between territories, resulted in contributing to the downfall of the Spanish Empire. Colonial mismanagement in the Spanish Empire acted as a precluding catalyst in causing the Latin American wars of Independence, thus contributing to the fall of the Spanish Empire. The Latin American wars of Independence, whilst an influential factor in the decline of the Spanish Empire, were not the sole determinant in causing the downfall of the Spanish Empire. The Latin American wars of independence contributed to the fall of the Spanish Empire to a considerable extent, being the final element amongst other collective factors which ultimately resulted in the collapse of the Spanish Empire. During the 17th century, there were many indications of Spain’s erosion of power; the collapse of the empire...
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...history, and his name will be remembered until the end of time for being the astonishing individual that he turned himself into. With consideration of all the incredible people whom he encountered during his five and fifty years, it is in great honor that I may speak during the hour of his death. Employed under our majesty, Queen Elizabeth I, Drake conquered the seas with an iron fist. He was an extremely loyal subject to our Queen and would have done anything to protect her. Whether this be defeating the Spanish Armada, giving the Queen and England itself a stunning victory. Onto a more personal level, in which I witnessed; when one of her subjects pulled a sword on her, he was right by her side, baring his own dagger, protecting our majesty from the potential threat. He was an outstanding navigator and sea captain, who accomplished circumnavigating the entire globe. Drake was a brave leader to many and used these skills to help bring down the mighty Spanish Armada. He saved countless of his soldiers’ lives on many occasions and was truly an honor to serve under, for his guidance was often life-saving. "There must be a beginning of any great matter, but the continuing unto the end until it be thoroughly finished yields the true glory." (Francis) These are the words of Francis Drake, and can truly encompass the vast amount of feats which Drake partook upon. I believe that Drake found his true glory and within that glory was making something of himself and rising well above...
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...played by the Catholic rulers of Europe in the struggle against Protestant in the years to 1600? It is not unreasonable to state that the Catholic rulers of Europe played an important part in the struggle against Protestantism as rulers like Philip II of Spain can be seen to be fighting against Protestantism very strongly, with events taking place such as the Spanish Armada in 1588. However, whether the most important part in the struggle against Protestantism was played by Catholic rulers is still to be determined as orders such as the Jesuits also contributed. On the one hand, it can be argued that Philip II played a pivotal role in combating Protestantism due to his strong belief in Catholicism. He saw himself as the ‘protector’ of Protestantism and went to extraordinary lengths to ensure that he did this well. This can be seen in his full support of the Spanish Inquisition of 1588. Although his motives for the inquisition may not have been entirely for the good of Catholicism, it is clear that Philip felt that Spain benefited from this and that Catholicism was important to Spain. Philip also ordered the Spanish bishops at the Council of Trent to refuse the Protestants of any accommodation whatsoever which gives an impression of his attitude towards protestants. In this way, Philip II did play an important part in the struggle against Protestantism as through his efforts, Spain remained very Catholic. To add to this, Henry of Navarre of France played a vital role in securing...
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...French settlement in America in 1608 at Quebec, a fortified village on the St. Lawrence River. He was later regarded as the “Father of New France” because of his strong leadership in establishing the colony. 5. Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette – 1673; explored the upper Mississippi River 6. Robert de La Salle – 1682; explored the Mississippi basin, which he named Louisiana (after the French king, Louis XIV) Dutch Claims 7. Henry Hudson –1609; sailed up a broad river (later named for him as the Hudson River), an expedition that established Dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become New Amsterdam (and later New York) . Early English Settlements 8. John Cabot – helped English defeat Spanish fleet – the Spanish Armada – in 1588. 9. The English devised a practical method for financing the costly and risky enterprise of founding new colonies. This was called joint-stock companies. Jamestown 10. King James I chartered the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company that established the permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607. Early problems. 11. The first settlers of Jamestown suffered great hardships from Indian attacks, famine, and disease–and their own mistakes. Tobacco prosperity. 12. Captain John Smith – led the establishment 13. John Rolfe – established a tobacco industry Transition to a royal colony. 14. Charter was revoked in 1624, and the colony was under the...
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...Once they were done conquering the Incas and Aztecs the Spanish made two divisions, the Viceroyalty of New Spain (1521) and the Viceroyalty of Peru (1542). Charles V in 1519 united the kingdoms of Spain and Austria. He gave the Austrian half to his son Ferdinand and gave the Spain and American half to Philip in 1556. Not only did Philip inherit all this land but also a rebellion in Netherlands. The Dutch wanted to convert the main religion to Protestant. The English and Dutch worked together and caused a war called the Spanish Armada in 1588 which the English...
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...The Spanish armada was foreseen as the victor, due to their technological advantage in ships despite being outnumbered by the English; however, what happened next was nothing short of a miracle. The English defeated the Spanish armada with few casualties and reopened the access of seaports. This victory allowed England to keep their religion and their freedom. Milton uses this recent piece of history to show that the Parliament’s censorship is much like the Spanish Armada trying to blockade the spread of “merchandise,” where “merchandise” is truth (Milton 41). Milton then brings up the history of censorship and the Turk “prohibition of printing” (Milton 41). Milton reminds the audience of the Turks of the Ottoman Empire, who has captured more than half of the Christian world. The Turks controlled the Christians, by forbidding the spread of the bible and all works not related to or against their Alcoran (Quran). Milton compares the Parliament’s censorship to that...
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...Turks at Lepanto in October 1571, ending Turkish dominion over the Mediterranean. * He began settlements in the Philippines and established the Pacific trade route between America and Asia * He increased the importation of precious metals form the Americas which consolidated Spain's overseas empire. * Under Philip II, Spain became the richest nation on earth, and ruled the world from the Escorial. * He increased the importation of precious metals from the Americas which consolidated Spain's overseas empire. Failures: * Philip II was not able to stop the rebellion in the Netherlands nor to stop Protestantism there. * Philip was not able to stop the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, which prevented Spain from conquering England. * The defeat of his Armada against the English led by Elizabeth I. * By 1596 Philip’s country went bankrupt. 2. Phillip II, as head of the government of Spain, believed in the divine right of monarchs and used this to justify a number of immoral and illegal acts, such as ordering murders. Phillip developed a system of regional self-government with rulers answering to him and he ruled as an absolute monarchy. Philip II generally believed that what was good for Spain...
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