...Lab B- Noise Nuisance Investigation 1.0 Introduction 2.1 Background Environmental Protection UK states that “sound is essential to our daily lives, but noise is not – noise can be defined as unwanted sound. It is a source of irritation and stress for many people and can even damage our hearing if it is loud enough. Many of us are exposed to stressful levels of noise at home and at work.” (http://www.environmental-protection.org.uk/noise/environmental-noise/noise-pollution/) Part III, Section 79(1) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 prescribes that noise emitted from premises can constitute a Statutory Noise Nuisance if it disturbs local residents and prevents people from enjoying their homes. The following is a list of the types of noise which may constitute a Statutory Noise Nuisance: * Television and stereo noise * DIY noise * Car repairs * Barking dogs * Burglar alarms and car alarms * Noise from licensed premises * Noise from construction sites * Factories and industrial premises * Loudspeakers in the street * Takeaways and other businesses * Noise from cockerels and other domestic foul Local authorities have a duty to manage neighbourhood noise and nuisance and a responsible for the implementation of these policies under the Environmental Protection Act 1990. According to DEFRA “The cost of noise pollution in the UK from environmental noise alone is estimated to be between £7 billion and £10 billion...
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..."Green Growth": A Necessity Green growth is a new buzzword among the policymakers around the world. For many policymakers it's a new magical word that can play a very significant role in the development of a country. Green growth is viewed as a key to sustainable growth. It has been recognized that there is an urgent need of transition towards green growth to achieve sustainable development and prosperity. As per Asian Development Bank "... green growth is an imperative not a luxury, for developing Asia". It is still not clear whether 'green growth' is a new transitional shift or just another gimmick to cover up inconsistencies between economic and environmental objectives of governments. There is no universally accepted definition of green growth. But normally it is being treated as a synonym to sustainable development. "Green growth is fostering economic growth and development, while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide resources and environmental services on which our well-being relies"-OCED. So green growth basically emphasizes on the efficient use of natural resources that minimizes pollution and environmental impacts at the same time it also plays role of environmental management and natural capital in preventing physical disasters. Main focus of green growth is low carbon growth that promotes growth with the help of creation of new environment friendly products. Green growth is matter of both economic policy and sustainable development. Politicians normally...
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...started integrating sustainability as the part of their business strategy as they came to recognize that it is an essential part in growing and establishing themselves as the leader in the competing environment. A well-executed sustainability strategy can enhance the company’s value and reinforce competitive advantage in the market while protecting the capital base. The balance of power has shifted between corporations and it is important to balance economic prosperity along with environmental and social dimensions. Sustainable business strategy represents a marked shift in traditional business practices and companies who do not adapt to the changes in these practices in order to achieve sustainable profitability will be more likely to face the brand value decline or even extinction in the future. For instance, the change represents the need to understand how all three dimensions affect each other and companies ought to consciously create new consumer preferences. However, a lot of companies still are missing guidelines to implementing a marketing strategy of sustainability as an essential part, which is at the core of ensuring organizational, social, economic and environment growth while managing overconsumption issues (White, 2011). Current researches tend to focus on developing a more sustainable approach on product design, pricing, promotion and distribution when it comes to the sustainable business strategy and companies are widely integrating this approach. On the other...
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...two main economic development strategies relate to economic growth/ development strategies and based on that discussion, what is actual today with regard to economic development? Development Economics Arman Poghosyan Yerevan, 2011 Growth and development are usually discussed in the same context while the goals of each are very different. Growth is mainly the process of expanding the size of community through the use of natural resources, economic resources and land. While development, on the other hand, is the process of improving living standards of community. Growth is critical for any community, but it doesn’t necessarily lead to development. Though usually there is no development without growth. One way to develop without growing is through two main economic development strategies, which are import substitution strategy and export promotion strategy. These two strategies were used by many countries to develop their economy. The choice between these two competing strategies is often difficult and subject of discussion of policy makers. And this choice often can be crucial. Import substitution strategy promotes domestic industry by substituting externally produced goods and services. Generally, countries applying import substitution strategies start with producing goods that don’t need an advanced technology. These goods usually are basic necessities such as food, water and energy. This strategy encourages...
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...Economic Growth Strategies for Hong Kong and Singapore Christopher S. Veler May 1, 2013 Macroeconomics 224 Economic Growth for Hong Kong and Singapore Hong Kong and Singapore were both considered newly industrialized countries during the 1970’s and 1980’s. A newly industrialized country can be classified as a country that falls between a developing country and a first world country, economically. Both Hong Kong and Singapore were British colonies that once served the region with distinguished trading ports. Both countries also attracted talent world wide and capital that turned into international financial centers. Unfortunately, in recent years, both of these countries have seen their growth rates fall. In 2012, Hong Kong and Singapore saw a growth of 1.5% and 1.3%. In 2013, their growth improved, but they faced both increasing costs and weak growth among some major export markets, which attributed to their struggles in economic growth. Both of these countries are still growing and trying to find their place in the global economy today. One change they have made is that they have moved away from an economy based on agriculture and focused more on industry. The remaining portion of this paper will discuss strategies that these countries may want to consider implementing to help further encourage economic growth in their country. One strategy that both Singapore and Hong Kong should implement to improve economic growth is to join organizations such as the Association...
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...investment strategy might be an appropriate response to slow growth and also noting the possible downsides to such an approach. Your audience is a senior decision maker in business or government who is trying to figure out economic policy to support. You may assume that the decision maker has some knowledge of macroeconomics so you may use technical terms to keep your paper relatively brief. One of the greatest consequences of the 2007-2009 recession crisis is the scarcity of investments due to lack of confidence by investors and a decrease in lending by banks. This lessening of investment and lending was followed by a period of slow economic growth and a difficult return to a lower level of unemployment. The economic growth of a country is measured by the increase of gross domestic product (GDP). To accelerate economic growth requires stimulating the factors that make up the GDP. GDP is calculated by adding together the following diverse factors: consumption level, investment level, government purchases and net export. These factors and the interactions that occur among them define the level of the aggregate demand and the supply curves and consequently determines the level of equilibrium point, which in turn determines the price level and the value of the GDP. To encourage economic growth, the government has several tools at its disposition that can impact the aggregate supply and the aggregate demand. Three tools the government can use to change economic behavior...
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...international perspective, peace and development remain the central themes of our era, and China is working to achieve this peaceful environment for development. From a domestic perspective, 25 years of economic reform and opening up have laid a solid basis for development, and China has achieved favourable conditions to accelerate development. However, opportunities are always accompanied by challenges. A key challenge for China is to adopt new thinking and ideas for development and make a new breakthrough in reform, so as to tightly grasp and make a full use of this opportunity to further promote its modernization drive. I. CHINA’S DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND ISSUES China has experienced rapid economic growth since the late 1970s when economic reform and opening policies was initiated. From 1978 to 2004, China’s GDP grew by a yearly average of 9.5 per cent, the highest levels of GDP growth in the world. China has successfully maintained its sustained and rapid economic growth in recent years by improving and strengthening macro-control policies. Confronted with the external shocks of the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998 and the global economic slowdown in 2001–2002, China adopted proactive fiscal policies, a prudent monetary policy as well as restructuring measures to keep rapid economic growth in line with expanding domestic demands. In 2003, China overcame the serious 1 The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNCTAD...
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...3M Business Analysis III Steve Phelps MGT/521 April 23, 2012 3M Business Analysis III To answer the question of how current economic trends are affecting 3M and what strategies 3M is using to adapt to the those economic trends, it is necessary to understand what the current state of the United States economy is, then define what economic trends exist. The Economy The best ways to understand what encompasses the economy in the United States is to first look the Gross Domestic Product. This statistic measures the country’s total output. According to the Gross Domestic Product, the United States economy is everything produced by every company and person in the United States. This year the Gross Domestic Product was totaled just over $15 trillion, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The Gross Domestic Product is made of four primary components: Personal Consumption Expenditures, which measures consumer spending; Business Investments, which is basically purchases that companies make to produce consumer goods; Government Spending; and Net Exports of Goods and Services, which measures what is added and subtracted to the Gross Domestic Product with exports and imports, respectively. Of these four components, it is the Personal Consumption Expenditures that is probably the most important of the Gross Domestic Product, as it accounts for a large part of the United States economy. Over 60%...
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...Introduction The EU 2020 Strategy is the new growth strategy for Europe. Aiming at “smart, inclusive, and sustainable growth”, the strategy has a threefold approach that shall enable the EU to emerge stronger from the economic and financial crisis. With new priorities and new governance approaches, the EU 2020 Strategy moves beyond its predecessor, the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs, adopted by the European Council in spring 2000. The Lisbon Strategy aimed at turning the EU into “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economic area in the world capable of sustainable economic growth and more and better jobs and social cohesion” (Council 2000). The Lisbon Strategy has been criticized in particular for its “lack of focus and of embedding in national policy-making procedures” (Begg 2008: 427). The complicated governance and implementation structure of the Strategy was seen as major reason why several targets could not be fulfilled. Some shortcomings of the Lisbon Strategy were recognized early, which led to the reorientation of the Strategy on the growth and job aspects in 2005 (ibid.: 427). Nevertheless, the EU did not achieve several of the Lisbon targets in 2010, so that the Strategy has often been labeled as “failed” (Tausch 2010). The EU 2020 Strategy has been designed with the attempt to solve the shortcomings of the Lisbon Strategy so that much attention was given to the governance of the Strategy. After a short evaluation of the Lisbon Strategy, on 3rd March 2010...
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...Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Issue Identification 4 Slowing Growth in NAFTA Trade 4 Continuation of NAFTA Strategy versus Expansion into Latin America 4 Taking Advantage of Economic Growth in Asia and Emerging Markets 4 Expanding Overseas 4 Environmental & Root Cause Analysis 5 Slowing Growth in NAFTA Trade 5 Continuation of NAFTA Strategy versus Expansion into Latin America 5 Taking Advantage of Economic Growth in Asia and Emerging Markets 5 Expanding Overseas 6 Alternatives and/or Options 6 Slowing Growth in NAFTA Trade 6 Continuation of NAFTA Strategy versus Expansion into Latin America 6 Taking Advantage of Economic Growth in Asia and Emerging Markets 7 Expanding Overseas 7 Recommendations and Implementation 7 Slowing Growth in NAFTA Trade 7 Continuation of NAFTA Strategy versus Expansion into Latin America 7 Taking Advantage of Economic Growth in Asia and Emerging Markets 8 Expanding Overseas 8 Monitor and Control 8 Executive Summary Since Canadian National Railway Company (CN)’s privatization by the Canadian government in November 1995, CN has not stopped growing its sales, profits, cash flow and, as a result, market value. Privatization and deregulation of the rail industry led to some of CN’s success, but CN had to cut costs and increase revenues. Cutting costs meant reducing workforce and closing or selling unprofitable tracks. It also meant investing in more efficient rail equipment and technology. Increasing revenues required focusing...
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...Strategies for Reviving the Japanese Economy Introduction 1. Assessment of the Current Economy The Japanese economy has begun to show some signs of change as the effects of recent large-scale economic packages have gradually helped to stop the severe economic downturn. But despite this progress, private demand as a whole remains stagnant. Therefore, the economic prospects for self-supported recovery are still uncertain once the economic effects of the last packages have phased out. The fundamental problems pertinent to the weak economy are twofold. First, the true adjustment of the burst of the bubble economy is still insufficient. Second, against the background of the sharp decline in the number of births and the rapid aging of the population, the pace of which has not been experienced in other industrialized nations, the "Japanese system"--the engine of the country's astonishing high growth in the postwar era--has turned problematic with regard to economic growth. First, fears about employment prospects, future pension plans, and the sharp rise in government deficits are obviously restraining an economic turnaround. These fears are attributable to eroding sustainability in the Japanese-style wage and employment systems and the generous social security system. To cope with the situation, provisions of renewed safety nets are urgently needed. Furthermore, the rising fiscal deficits are restraining economic upturn by making people serious about future tax hikes...
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...the heads of internal and external factors (Stahl & Grigsby, 1997). This paper outlines a detailed assessment of factors external and internal that can have an impact over the business of Ace Gym. In view of this assessment management of Ace Gym can assess the major factors that can impact the feasibility, developing competitive advantage and stakeholders’ satisfaction for the organization (Wilson & Gilligan, 2005). External Environmental Analysis Many external factors can have an impact over Ace Gym’s capability to achieve its goals and objectives. To achieve success Ace Gym will have to find a suitable strategy that can maintain the business expectations within the actual conditions and also to maintain Ace Gym’s expectation with the provisions external environment can give. The external factors include: legal and regulatory factors, economic factors, technological factors, innovation factors, and socio-cultural factors. Legal and Regulatory factors: This factor has the full capacity to assist with company’s strategic objective. Regulations in particular involving Information Technology...
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...result of increased globalisation in China, it has been vulnerable to the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. In the period between 2006 and 2007 China was operating with high GDP growth rates, with an average of 12%. When the GFC hit in 2008, the impact was clear when: * GDP growth rate had dropped down to 9% in 2008 and 8.5% in 2009. The decrease in GDP growth rate was due to worldwide demand for the Chinese exports decreasing and TNC’s closing down factories and putting millions out of work, leading to a stall in domestic industrial production. * Inflationary rate was negatively affected. In 2007 China’s inflation rate was 4.7%, in 2008 it grew to 6%, and when the GFC hit, the impact was clear when inflation had dropped down to negative 0.6% in 2009. * China’s unemployment rate had increased from 4% in 2008 to 4.3% in 2009. * China’s government debt as a % of GDP rose from 16% in 2007 to 19.5% in 2008 In November 2008 the Chinese government introduced a stimulus package worth $586 billion, which was aimed at encouraging growth and domestic consumption. After 2009 China experienced gradual increases in GDP growth, 9% in 2010 and 10% in 2011. Strategies to promote economic growth and development There are many strategies that the Chinese economy is using to promote their economic growth...
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...unfortunately the World Economic Forum has ranked the country’s competitiveness at 116 with a value of 3.66 (WEF, 2014, p.69). Cameroon has a significant amount of agricultural areas perfect for farming, ample water resources and rainfall, and forests to improve its economic condition. In addition, the country has favorable commodity economies which employ over 60% of the workforce; the workforce contributes 22% to the GDP (WTO, 2013). Not only that, Cameroon has an unpretentious supply of oil resources; fortunately, the country faces the same serious problems of poverty and underdevelopment similar to other low growth countries. The issues include a sluggish per capita income, inequitable distribution of income, corruption, and unfavorable climate fluctuations not fit for business entities. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (2014), the Cameroonian government joins forces with the International Monetary Fund and World Bank utilizing programs designed to boost their low growth economy by improving business investments, agriculture efficiency, trade, and reducing poverty. Cameroon's ranking in the Global Competitive Index slows that it is developing at a slower rate compared to the top ranked countries. With that in mind, Cameroon must attract more investments and perform other strategies to improve not only its inadequate infrastructure, but its business environment, trade (imports and exports), and poverty level to improve the economy and accelerate the growth rate. Plus...
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...“Local Economic Development can only be effective if all actors work in partnership.” Consider the arguments for and against this statement. Introduction With the ongoing discussions on universal development for all for sustainable economic growth, countries and regional bodies are focusing on the drivers for local growth within the different economic spheres. An important group for driving growth is local actors as one of the key stakeholders in this process. Ideally these partners should come from the government, private sector, civil society and community groups. This is to enable inclusion of all stakeholders involved and for collective responsibility. Governments mainly have been under pressure to build or realign institutions to function at local level and to create policies for their stakeholders that are inclusive. For the developed countries, focus is on allowing for bottom-up approaches like the Enterprise Zones and Local Enterprise Partnerships while for developing countries with large informal economies and weak institutions, the approaches vary partly due to failed policies in the past and the slow economic growth. On the international scale, development organisations have been tasked with coming up with better ways of dealing with particular regions characteristics to avoid the ‘one size fits all’ approach that previously existed. This has been deemed to be a more effective way of achieving sustainable growth. (UN Habitat, 2009) However the issue around how...
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