...Abstract “A product is something that is made in a factory; a brand is something that is bought by a customer. A product can be copied by a competitor, a brand is unique. A product can be quickly out-dated, a successful brand is timeless” (Quiston, 2004, p 345). Many brands today mean little to consumers, who have become accustomed to buying on price alone. But a new tool can help companies separate themselves from the crowd. (David Aaker).Branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade due to the growing realization that brands are one of the most valuable intangible assets that firms have. Driven in part by this intense industry interest, academic researchers have explored a number of different brand-related topics in recent years, generating scores of papers, articles, research reports, and books. This paper identifies some of the influential work in the branding area, highlighting what has been learned from an academic perspective on important topics such as brand positioning, brand integration, brand-equity measurement, brand growth, and brand management. The paper also outlines some gaps that exist in the research of branding and brand equity and formulates a series of related research questions. Choice modelling implications of the branding concept and the challenges of incorporating main and interaction effects of branding as well as the impact of competition are discussed. Key Words: Brand, Brand name, consumer behaviour, purchase decision, level...
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...decreasing. As the socioeconomic status of the country does not provide further possibilities to enhance the growth of the industry, as a market follower, Aktel should strive to retain its existing subscribers and penetrate other operator’s subscriber. Therefore, there is an emergence of studying the related facets of the customer loyalty in the context of Bangladesh GSM telecommunication system for Aktel to retain and increase its market share. Hence, in the current study, the researchers intend to examine whether there are relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction, trust, and customer loyalty in Aktel in Bangladesh or not. Statement of the problem Customer satisfaction and trust are positively related with customer loyalty (Bruhn & Grund, 2000; Chaudhuri & Holbrook, 2002; Gronholdt, Martensen, & kristensen, 2000; Gerpott, Rams, & Schindler, 2001; Kristensen, Martensen, & Gronholdt, 2000; Lau & Lee, 1999; Sharma, 2003; Sirdeshmukh, Singh, & Sabol, 2002). In the recent study, Aydin, Ozer, and Arasil (2005) have investigated the relationship between customer satisfaction and trust with customer loyalty in the context of Global System for Mobile Telecommunication (GSM) mobile phone service...
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...Joachimsthaler, E. (2013). Why Social Currency Becomes a Key Driver of a Firm's Brand Equity – Insights from the Automotive Industry. Long Range Planning, 46(PLS applications in strategic management: Partial Least Squares modeling in strategy research), 125-148. doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2012.11.004 Introduction In the past decade, managers have endeavored to build brands by creating a strong identity and conveying this identity through consistently managing relevant touch points with customers (e.g., Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000; Keller and Lehmann, 2003). To this end, managers are striving to better understand consumer behavior and positively influence consumers' brand perceptions through marketing initiatives (e.g., Keller, 1993). However, the direction of influence on a brand's perception and image has become increasingly bilateral. Today, consumers are no longer simply “receivers” of company- and brand-related information. Instead, they operate as “senders” of this information, e.g., by giving brand recommendations, by expressing criticism, or by sharing information with others (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2010). For this reason, managers no longer have exclusive control over information circulating about a company or brand. Consumers therefore play an important role in forming a company's or brand's perception and value in the marketplace (Keller, 2007). Exchange of information about companies and brands between consumers is not a new phenomenon. However, today we are witnessing a...
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...Airline Brand Loyalty: A case study involving the three airlines, - SAS, Norwegian and Widerøe A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Tourist Studies at UiT The Arctic University of Norway by Basant Raj Shrestha Course code: RMG40 Candidate no. 3 Student no. 420456 October 2014 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are several people, without whom this Master thesis would never have been started, let alone finished and who deserve to be thanked and acknowledged for their support and inspiration. First of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Per Kåre Jakobsen for guiding me through this process. I would also like to thank my methodology supervisor, Professor Kjell Hines, whose open- minded approach to the Master process enabled me to develop in my own words. His comments and suggestions for improvements to my dissertation are highly valued and gratefully acknowledged. Secondly, I am very grateful for the help provided in execution of the field study by securities of the Alta airport. Many thanks to Mr. Arnulf Nilsen and to some members of Avionor for their help and co-operation. Many thanks to travelers who took the time to thoughtfully provide the information used in this study. Thirdly, I would like to thank my teachers at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, in particular Professor Bente Haug, Professor Bente Heimtun, and Professor Britt Kramvig not only for...
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...(formerly by the town-crier, now usually in newspapers, on posters, by television, etc)' It was Daniel Starch (1926), one of the early pioneers of advertising theory in the twentieth century, who back in the 1920s, reminded us that the Latin root for advertising is advertere. This roughly translates as ‘to turn towards'. L.E Boone and D. Kurtz, (1998) Advertising is a specific type of marketing that brings a product to the attention of consumers and may be delivered through a variety of media channels such as television, radio, print, billboards, personal contact and the internet. Advertising is a very effective method to convey the company's message to its target market. In olden days there was no such concept of advertising because people would only buy products. They were only concerned about the utility of the product. The scenario changed with the passage of time and the marketers started something different. They associated the products with emotions, life style, style etc. With the passage of time the market got bigger and it was difficult to have one product for all the market so the marketers divided the markets into different groups having different needs and wants. This method is known as segmentation. So the market segment I am going to discuss that's affected by advertising is the youth. 1.2 Impact on Youth J. M. McGinnis et al (2006); The term youth marketing used in the marketing and advertising industry to describe activities to communicate with young...
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...means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Please contact the publisher directly. While the publisher has taken all reasonable care in the preparation of this book the publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions from the book or the consequences thereof. Products and services that are...
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...Ingrid Kajzer. For comments on the final draft: Anne Marie MacKintosh For administrative support: Kathryn Angus and Aileen Paton. CONTENTS Page No 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY 4 4.0 RESULTS 7 4.1 Advertising 7 4.1.1 Econometric Studies 7 4.1.2 Consumer Studies 11 4.2 Other Forms of Marketing 15 4.3 Developing and Transitional Countries 21 REFERENCES 25 1.0 INTRODUCTION At the World Health Organization Ministerial Conference on Young People and Alcohol in Stockholm (February 2001) considerable concern was expressed about the nature and pervasiveness of advertising and marketing by the alcohol industry. Explicit examples were shown of alcohol promotion exploiting the themes of sexual, sporting and lifestyle success, often in direct violation of advertising codes. Furthermore, many of the advertising examples displayed images of excessive consumption. In addition, the Conference noted that marketing stretches beyond the realms of billboards, magazine pages and television screens. The retail outlet, the price charged, packaging and even the alcohol product itself are all open to marketing manipulation. This review was commissioned to examine what, if any, research evidence exists that this advertising and marketing activity influences the amount or pattern of young...
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...CONTENTS Introduction Part One: Foundations Chapter One: Introduction to Advertising 1 Chapter Two: Advertising’s Role in Marketing 34 Chapter Three: Advertising and Society 68 Part Two: Planning and Strategy Chapter Four: How Advertising Works 103 Chapter Five: The Consumer Audience 135 Chapter Six: Strategic Research 169 Chapter Seven: Strategic Planning 205 Part Three: Effective Advertising Media Chapter Eight: Print and Out-of-Home Media 239 Chapter Nine: Broadcast Media 274 Chapter Ten: Interactive and Alternative Media 310 Chapter Eleven: Media Planning and Buying 345 Part Four: Effective Advertising Messages Chapter Twelve: The Creative Side and Message Strategy 378 Chapter Thirteen: Copywriting 411 Chapter Fourteen: Design and Production 443 Part Five: Integration and Evaluation Chapter Fifteen: Direct Response 476 Chapter Sixteen: Sales Promotion, Events, and Sponsorships 508 Chapter Seventeen: Public Relations 542 Chapter Eighteen: Special Advertising Situations 576 Chapter Nineteen: Evaluation of Effectiveness 610 INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Test Item File for the Wells/Moriarty/Burnett Advertising: Principles and Practice, 7th edition text. This test bank was designed with the student and instructor in mind. All questions in this manual are drawn directly from the master text. APPLICATION QUESTIONS: New to the seventh edition of the Test Item File is a section...
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...ESSENTIALS OF MARKETING THIRD EDITION JIM BLYTHE Essentials of Marketing ii Marketing Planning: principles in practice We work with leading authors to develop the strongest educational materials in marketing, bringing cutting-edge thinking and best learning practice to a global market. Under a range of well-known imprints, including Financial Times Prentice Hall, we craft high quality print and electronic publications which help readers to understand and apply their content, whether studying or at work. To find out more about the complete range of our publishing please visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Last A Head on Spread 000 Jim Blythe University of Glamorgan Essentials of Marketing Third Edition Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published under the Financial Times Pitman Publishing imprint 1998 Second edition 2001 Third edition 2005 © Financial Times Professional Limited 1998 © Pearson Education Limited 2001, 2005 The right of Jim Blythe to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written...
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...Marketing Management, 14e (Kotler/Keller) Chapter 1 Defining Marketing for the 21st Century 1) Which of the following statements about marketing is true? A) It is of little importance when products are standardized. B) It can help create jobs in the economy by increasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firm's intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofit organizations. Answer: B Page Ref: 4 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 2) ________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A) Marketing management B) Knowledge management C) Operations management D) Strategic management E) Distribution management Answer: A Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 3) Identify the correct statement about marketing management. A) It is primarily concerned with the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues related to marketing products and services. B) It focuses mostly on monitoring the profitability of a company's products and services. C) It focuses solely on attaining an organization's sales goals in an efficient manner. D) It is defined as the field that deals with planning and managing a business at the highest level of corporate hierarchy. E) It occurs when at least...
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...concepts of marketing 1.1 INTRODUCTION The emergence of ‗marketing‘ as a business discipline is of relatively recent origin. Though it has been practiced from the time of barter through money economy to today‘s modern complex marketing system, exchanges have been taking place. The ideas associated with marketing have undergone a great deal of change over centuries. Even after marketing became a full–fledged business discipline. Marketing, more than any other business function, deals with customer. It revolves around the customer. Building relationship based on customer value and satisfaction is at the very heart of modern marketing. The pricing strategies adopted the promotional tools selected; the design, shape and size of the product and the place of sales etc. are all decided after finding out the lifestyle, culture, buying habits and media consumption habits etc of all customers Marketing links producers and consumers together for mutual benefits production will be meaningless if goods produced are not supplied to consumers through appropriate marketing mechanism. When we saw around us we find marketing in advertisements that fill our T.V. spice up our magazines, stuff our mailbox or enliven our web pages. At home, at school, where we play, and where we work. We came across the marketing in almost everything that we do. Behind...
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...the success or failure of any product or services which are provided by the company. In order to beat their competitors organisations keep on launching events and brand promotion campains. Also, with changing customer behavior it is very important for a company to keep his marketing strategies unique in order to attract more and more customers regularly. The study in this report moves around the different type of marketing strategies and models used by organisations these days along with the case study of Abercrombie and Fitch Co. to create their brand value and getting an international recognition among the top appeareal companies around the world. The paper is studied with respect to the most important related departments of a business marketing finction: services, human resources and finance. Furthermore, the case study of another retail business giant apple is studies to conclude about the research and findings. The structure of report includes discussion about the problem in martketing and analysis. The proposed solutions to the research post findings is also included in the thesis. Previous study for marketing research about Apple is also include in the report to conclude the research. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background 2 1.2. Research Question 4 Chapter 2 Case Brief 5 2.1. Resume of the case 5 2.2. Relevance of the case 6 Chapter 3 Research insight 7 3.1. Problem statement and plan of analysis 7 3.2. Literature review 8 ...
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...Retailing in the 21st Century Manfred Krafft ´ Murali K. Mantrala (Editors) Retailing in the 21st Century Current and Future Trends With 79 Figures and 32 Tables 12 Professor Dr. Manfred Krafft University of Muenster Institute of Marketing Am Stadtgraben 13±15 48143 Muenster Germany mkrafft@uni-muenster.de Professor Murali K. Mantrala, PhD University of Missouri ± Columbia College of Business 438 Cornell Hall Columbia, MO 65211 USA mantralam@missouri.edu ISBN-10 3-540-28399-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-28399-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Control Number: 2005932316 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com ° Springer Berlin ´ Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not...
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...past decade, customers are becoming harder and harder to be pleased with what were delivered to them in exchange of the customer’s disposable income (Parasuraman et al. 1985) (Reichheld & Sasser 1990). Nowadays, customers are more critical to product / service they purchase. Enterprises are trying to offer something innovative to differentiate them selves among the ever increasing competition. Prior to any purchasing decision, according to Kotler (1973), one of the four P’s – the place can be more influential than the product itself. Later developed by Mehrabian & Russel (1974) that publish the Mehrabian-Russell Model that draw situational factor such as mood & expectation. Servicescape later popularized by Bitner (1992), the physical environment surrounding customers & employees is termed servicescape. Ever since, this has been the subject of many scholars and practitioners. As an influential factor for customers to make purchasing decision, it clearly a very important subject for any marketers as an effort to increase revenue and to stay competitive in the marketplace (Hightower et al. 2000). Marketers from any type of industry can really integrate servicescape into marketing plans. The industry can be sport such as softball (Robinson 1997) (King 2000); hospitality such as nightclubs, hotels, restaurants (Jones et al. 2003) (Clarke et al. 1998) (Skinner et al. 2005); and many more. This paper tries to describe the importance of the main elements (i...
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...Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-173718-0 MHID: 0-07-173718-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-171391-7, MHID: 0-07-171391-3. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at bulksales@mcgraw-hill.com. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that neither the author nor the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, securities trading, or other professional services. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should...
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