...Berlin Welcome Card' Berlin Bus Tours / Walking Tours / Boat Tours German State Opera House / Berlin Philharmonic Hall Alexanderplatz Brandenburg Gate, 'Story of Berlin' Exhibition Potsdamer Platz Television Tower (Fernsehturm) Schloss Charlottenburg Berlin Cathedral Pergamon Museum Old Museum Bode Museum National Gallery Church of Sophie Cemetery for the Parishes of Dorotheenstadt andFriedrichswerder Potsdamer Platz and the New Centre Unter den Linden Jewish Centre Oranienburger Strasse Spandau Citadel Checkpoint Charlie Museum (Military attraction or museum; Photo collection, exhibit) Brandenburg Gate,Berlin Commissioned by Friedrich Wilhelm II in the 1700s to represent peace, the Brandenburg Gate is nothing short of an iconic symbol of the city. Originally built as a customs post, the gate was an integral part of the Berlin Wall and remained locked for the duration of the Communist rule. When the wall that was once the boundary between East and West Berlin was knocked down, the gate became an important symbol of German reunification and it is the only one out of 18 such gates that now remains. Designed in 1791 by Carl Gotthard Langhans, a detailed sculpture of the beautiful goddess Victory resides at the top of the structure. When Napoleon occupied Berlin in 1806 he stole this statue and took it back to Paris, but it was returned to its rightful home again in 1814. When the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961 the tor became...
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...Reform Judaism Tamara Rice Instructor: Eric Speir REL 212 March 11th, 2012 Background Over a month ago when I selected the topic of Judaism as the subject for my field research paper, I thought that the outcome would be cut and dry. I knew that Judaism served as the foundation for my own faith (Christianity) and that Jews honored the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. I also had in my mind the imagery of the Star of David, the Torah scroll and the male rabbi in the synagogue donning a prayer shawl over his shoulders and a kippah on the crown of his head. I believed that I had the general concepts of the Jewish faith in my mind; I just needed to witness a virtual worship service and fill in some of the minor details while gathering some additional intelligence on some misconceptions. So I decided to go over to the Ustream for “Shir Hadash” and witness a Community Shabbat (Sabbath) Service (Ustream, 2011). What I discovered watching the 2.5 hour Shabbat service followed by some additional research gave me a rude awakening. The impression of Judaism that I’ve carried with me up to this point is what is known as Orthodox Judaism. The Jews that I’ve witnessed in tight-knit communities in places such as Brooklyn, New York and Oak Park, Michigan were towns filled with Orthodox Jews. In addition to Orthodox Judaism, there is also Conservative Judaism. Conservative Judaism reverences traditional Jewish practices in America, but...
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...As our society juggles the evident argument of oppression, individuals are constantly faced with the question of how they view overall unjust treatment. Oppression is defined as prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control. In the following sources, the authors call for one to reevaluate how oppression affects individuals and communities in order to understand how persecution changes and breaks civilization. This can be done though the research of realistic literature or historic events showing true protests and emotions. Adults, employees, teenagers, and children are all engaged in a form of oppression, an absolutely unacceptable way to treat those in society. In the short story “An Indian Father’s Plea”, the author Robert Lake highlights...
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...Protecting Your Jewish Institution: Security Strategies For Today’s Dangerous World Addendum - Crisis Management 127 CRISIS MANAGEMENT The Art of Crisis Management While we do not propose a formal definition of the word crisis in this manual, we treat any event that can, within a short period of time, harm your institution’s constituents, its facilities, its finances or its reputation as a crisis. Crisis management is the art of making decisions to head off or mitigate the effects of such an event, often while the event itself is unfolding. This often means making decisions about your institution’s future while you are under stress and while you lack key pieces of information. Consistent with the overall philosophy of this manual, the key to being able to manage a crisis is doing as much planning as practical before a crisis starts in order to best position you and your institution to respond to and mitigate such a situation. The Crisis Management Continuum: Introduction What is usually called “crisis management” should be best understood as part of a broad continuum of activities as follows: • Planning. Planning relates to getting your institution in the best position to react to, and recover from, an emergency. • Incident Response. Incident responses are the processes that you have put into place to ensure that your institution reacts properly and orderly to an incident as it occurs. Examples of incident response include: a. Evacuation after a called-in bomb threat...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY PROTESTANT REFORMATION: A PROLOGUE TO CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF DIVINITY IN CHAPLAINCY BY SULEIMAN ABBA LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA MARCH 2013 Abstract The Early Church was a minority religious movement which faced significant threats of persecution in their daily practice of faith. As a result there was no detailed structure of worship as seen in the present day Christian worship. However, worship in those days paved way for the current settings of various churches which have greatly evolved over time. Worship was characterized by several aspects such as baptism, organizing prayer meetings and gatherings, rejoicing through songs, listening to the scriptures, collection of charity and using their spiritual gifts among others. Additionally, during those early days of Christianity, Christians often met in church assemblies for the ceremonial get together meal (Lord’s Supper) or for thanksgiving and singing gatherings. This paper critically analyzes the various practices of early church such as the singing of psalms and hymns, gathering in church assemblies, vocal thanksgiving, the Lord’s Supper as well as the practice of baptism. Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………i Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………….ii 1. Introduction............................
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...meaning of life if I were to be exposed to a significant event, like having God come down to give me a hug. Obviously, that would be undeniably awesome, but also something one shouldn’t expect. All we have is this moment and in this moment lays beauty. A religious experience is about what he/she felt at that given moment. It has less to do with the events that led up to that feeling. I can find religious experience anywhere. It could be at a football game, beach, playground, or bus. Anywhere. It doesn’t have to be on your knees at a church, synagogue, or mosque. I have personally felt religious experience in the most random places and times. I find bus rides to be a religious experience for me. It clears my head, puts “conflicts” into perspective, and gives me a sense of “oneness” with the world. The feeling one gets during a religious is priceless and something we live for. It is also something found by being present. Brautigan’s A Short History of Religion in California revolves around the concept of religious experience. The narrator found his “electric surge” of an experience on a hike with his daughter in front of the beauties of nature. He described how overwhelmingly excited his daughter was about everything. His daughter served as the narrator’s lens. He seemed unresponsive initially. His daughter’s spirit and reactions demanded the narrator to be present to his surroundings. She was especially in awe of the deer. Her love of the deer rubbed off on the narrator when she...
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...what prejudices and discrimination people of this faith and people of Pacific Islander group deal with on a continual basis. With the Pacific Islander group, I will explore their ancestry, language and culture. Orthodox Judaism is a very old religion formed in 1851 CE. There are approximately two million followers today, with origins found in Europe. Their religion centers on one monotheistic Almighty Omnipotent God as creator. Followers are called Orthodox Jews, and they believe in the forces of good and evil, punishment for sins, reincarnation of the righteous, free will as a test to commitment, and suffering caused by weakness in dedication. A day in the life of an Orthodox Jew would be to go to prayer seven times a day in a synagogue, observance of the Sabbath, read the ancient Torah, Tanakh, Talmud texts in Hebrew, and adhere to very strict dietary laws that include fasting. They find themselves constantly in prayer. A devotion to God far exceeds most other religious groups. Their beliefs and practices tend to be so extreme that there is a constant discussion even between practicing Jews and practicing Orthodox Jews all over the world. Orthodox Jews are very strict with their rituals and traditional garments and hair style. Orthodox Jews did not allow women to be recognized and integrated into worship with the male population. Until 1970, women were segregated to...
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...the seeds failed to grow into bountiful plants, those that fall on good soil grow and produce a bountiful harvest. This excerpt is a parable because it is a story that illustrates religious principles. The aforementioned story has two parallels appearing in Luke and Matthew. Between the three parallels not much is changed in the format, analogies, word choice, or length. Some phrases are changed depending on various things like dialects or translations, but the overall meaning of the parable remains the same. The Parable of the Sower is addressed to “Whoever has ears to hear”(Mark 4:9). The choice of ears and hearing leads...
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...h Holy Days Paper Jewish Holy Days Paper Cynthia Casillas REL134 Oct. 25, 2012 Firpo Carr Jewish Holy Days Paper ...In the seventh month, on the first of the month, there shall be a sabbath for you, a remembrance with shofar blasts, a holy convocation. -Leviticus 16:24 Unlike other calendars that are based off of the earth's revolutions around the sun the Jewish is on a secular calendar meaning it is made up of moon cycles where each month begins with a new moon. In this paper it will describe Jewish holy day Rosh Hashanah, the time of the year it takes place, the historical origin and meaning of the day. This paper will also include the religious practices associated with the day and the theological or cultural differences that might lead to differences in the observance of the holy day by the various branches of Judaism. Rosh HaShanah is the Jewish New Year. Many Americans use the New Year as a time to plan a better life, making "resolutions." Likewise, the Jewish New Year is a time to begin introspection, looking back at the mistakes of the past year and planning the changes to make in the New Year, this process of repentance is called teshuvah. Jews are encouraged to make amends with anyone they have wronged and to make plans for improving during the coming year. (Pelaia, 2012). It falls once a year during the month of Tishrei and occurs ten days before Yom Kippur. Together, Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur are known as the Yamim Nora’im, which means the Days...
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...Parallelism – each line of the Hebrew poetry is divided in half and the first half and the second half operate in parallel with each other. Synonymous meaning that the two halves express the same idea; or they can be antithetical, meaning they express opposite ideas. Synonymous; the heavens are telling the glory of god; and the firmament proclaims his handiwork. Psalms (19; 1) Antithetical {F} or the lord watches over the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish {psalms 1; 6} 3. The psalms of Zion talk about the importance of the temple. They also speak of the joy the worshiper feels when approaching the temple. 4. Proverbs- is focused on traditional wisdom, for the most part the book is full of collections of short statements that treat some kind of...
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...Jared Livingston Grade 12 Period 3-4 February 11, 2014 American History The Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the twentieth century's greatest tragedy that left a mark of tragic and horror to all Jews. The tragedy began at January 30th, 1933 and ended at May 8th, 1945, when the war in Europe ended. Millions of people died during the Holocaust, some were killed by machine guns, gas chambers, getting burned, while others died due to starvation, abuse and diseases. Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany, was a heartless and uncaring man. He was born on April 20, 1889 in a small Austrian town of Braunau near Germany’s border. Hitler’s father Alios Hitler was a short-tempered, strict and brutal father. It is known that Alios would always beat Hitler when he was young. Hitler’s mother, Klara Hitler, was the opposite of Alios Hitler. She was very caring and loving to her son. When Hitler’s father died, Hitler dropped out of school at an early age because he lost his strong influence into keeping him at school. His mother supported him with this idea. Hitler loved and showed so much companionship to his mother more than his father. When she died at 1907, her death affected him far more deeply than the death of his father. He carried her picture wherever he went and, it is claimed that he had the photo in his hand when he died in 1945. Hitler and the Nazis were the masterminds of the Holocaust. Hitler had so much arrogance in him. He hated and envied the Jews. The Jews at...
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...The Rise of Anti-Semitism Nicole Badofsky English 147 12.7.2015 Amanda Yates The Rise of Anti-Semitism I was scrolling through Facebook, as I normally do when my attention was brought to a video about Jewish men and women on college campuses. I proceeded to watch the video and became horrified at some of the stories I was hearing from students that were talking about being attacked by Palestinian protestors as well as people who were anti-Israel. The story that affected me the most was when a student was struck in the back of the head from behind by a group of Palestinian men. After the student was struck in the back of the head, he was in a coma for a little over three months and needed extensive recovery. This is just one story of the anti-Semitism we are seeing in recent years, thankfully he made a full recovery. Unfortunately, many Jews that are being targeted throughout the world have not been so lucky and have had their lives tragically taken, these are their stories. In recent years, the tension between Israel and Palestine has caused a large increase in the violence against the Jewish people in Israel, Europe, and the United States. Attacks on Israeli Jews have been extremely high in the past couple of years due to the tension between the Palestinians and the Israelis. In a recent study, on November 19th, 2015 Yesiab, who was age 32, Yaakov Don, who was age 51, Ezra Schwartz who was age 18 were tragically killed when a Palestinian man had opened fire with...
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...In Philip Roth's short story, "Conversion of the Jews," Roth talks about how a boy named Ozzie Freedman takes risks several times. The first time Ozzie took a risk was when was talking badly about his rabbi's beliefs about God to his best friend, Itzie Lieberman. Ozzie could've been caught and punished in the synagogue. Secondly, was when Ozzie finally stood up to Rabbi Binder in class in front of his classmates. After a bad reaction, Ozzie stormed off and ended up on the edge of the roof. This was his third time Ozzie took a bold risk. He shows a hint of egocentrism when he forced his watchers down below to kneel before him and accept that God is all-powerful and God can do anything He wants to do. The fact that he contemplated suicide so quickly perfectly provides proof that adolescents with behaviors such as this will not be ready for the adult life. This bold and rash behavior along with his egocentrism...
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...Lower East Side Memories : A Jewish Place in America By HASIA R. DINER The Lower East Side and American Jewish Memory I'm Jewish because love my family matzoh ball soup. I'm Jewish because my fathers mothers uncles grandmothers said "Jewish," all the way back to Vitebsk & Kaminetz-Podolska via Lvov. Jewish because reading Dostoyevsky at 13 I write poems at restaurant tables Lower East Side, perfect delicatessen intellectual. —Allen Ginsberg, "Yiddishe Kopf" The poet Allen Ginsberg, born and raised in Newark, New Jersey, returned in his later years to a narrative style of expression, shifting gears from the anger and fire of his early career. In this poem from 1991 he also touched down again, after a long hiatus spent exploring Buddhism and Eastern philosophy, upon some Jewish themes, as a way of remembering the world of his youth. He described that world in one poem, "Yiddishe Kopf," literally, a Jewish head, but more broadly, a highly distinctive Jewish way of thinking, based on insight, cleverness, and finesse. That world for him stood upon two zones of remembrance. The world of eastern Europe, of Vitebsk, Lvov, and Kamenets-Podolski gave him one anchor for his Jewishness. Thai space of memory gave him a focus for continuity and inherited identity, tied down by the weight of the past, by family in particular. The other, the Lower East Side, nurtured and...
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...Another trip to Europe made me note my observations of Spanish culture and custom differences to the United States. I found the changes fascinating. I always think that the small differences, while sometimes being irritating at the time, add to the charm of the city I visit. In Spain I visited Barcelona, Seville, Madrid and Toledo. It gave me a good overview of the culture differences between the various regions of the country. Activity: Most people in Spain have a very different schedule than us in the United States. Here we tend to get up around 6:30am in the morning and go to sleep around 10:00pm at night. In Spain they get up later in the day. We couldn’t even find milk or coffee in the morning until after 9am. The streets are deserted except for a few workers heading off to their jobs. At 2:00 in the afternoon until 5 or 6pm, the streets once again become barren. The entire city takes a “siesta” while they eat their large lunch and rest during the hottest part of the day. Only a few shops stay open for the tourist trade. The stores then open at 6 and stay open until around 9. The people would stay out until all hours of the evening and head off to bed around 2 or 3am. No matter how we tried, we never got used to the schedule. This was the hardest part of visiting Spain. Food: I found the eating times in Spain to be very interesting. You could find a very light breakfast of a croissant or pastry with juice or coffee around 9am. We actually saw some Spaniards having...
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