...Review of Four of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World There have been many lists assembled from ancient times to present day noting the spectacular natural wonders and manmade structures in the World. The first known list of remarkable structures is referred to as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ancient Greek and Roman scholars wrote about these wonders of architecture beauty. Located around the Mediterranean and Middle East, the seven wonders were: Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. This paper will review four of these wonders. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are thought to be series huge and magnificent gardens, towering over the city of Babylon. According to legend, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were created by King Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 B.C. ("12 Key Facts”). The king built these beautiful gardens to cheer up his wife, Amytis who was homesick for her homeland. There is no physical evidence these gardens actually existed, only the descriptions provided through ancient writings. The Greek geographer Strabo, who described the gardens in first century B.C., wrote, “It consists of vaulted terraces raised one above another, and resting upon cube-shaped pillars. These are hollow and filled with earth to allow trees of the largest size to be planted. The pillars, the vaults, and terraces are constructed...
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...Appreciation/ Art 129-03 November 14th, 2013 The Old Temple Hubert Robert Oil on Canvas 255 x 223.2 cm; 100 3/8 x 87 7/8” Art Institute Chicago The Old Temple Hubert Robert, an astounding artist who created a painting of which many could not aspire, known as, “The Old Temple,” created from 1787-1788, was the piece that I became so gratefully aware of on my trip to the Art Institute of Chicago. Although the entire institute is exquisite in form, the room that held not only one, but four of Hubert Robert’s massive paintings was my favorite. Immediately entering the room it becomes apparent that “The Old Temple” is the focal point, sitting at what many would call eye level, where the emphasis of the room rested so subtly on its shoulders. And big shoulders they were, with a height of 255 cm and a width that complemented at 223.2 cm. At this point, becoming even more relevant as the painting engulfed us further, was the size of the ever-beautiful frame. It suited the painting perfectly in which the value was effected. After this, noticing the elements of art was simple. The painting was made with oil on canvas, and truly helps with the variety of color. What is meant by this, is that it truly feels like the composition takes us to the time of development, however, reasons for this could be due to techniques used in the creation of the artwork. The most notable and visually appealing element to “The Old Temple,” was the use of linear perspective, where the lines move...
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...The temple of Hera, also called the Haraion, is one of the first monumental temples in Greece. It is located in the north-west corner of the blessed area of the Altis, on the south slopes of Kronios hill, secured by a powerful terrace wall. It was devoted to the Olympian sanctuary by the people of Skillous, which is an ancient city of Eleia. It has been said that the temple was built approximately eight years after Oxylos rose to the throne of Elis, which was c. 1096 BC, but in reality it is much later. Around 650 BC, the first Heraion was built, it was a small Doric temple with merely a cella and pronaos. Later in 600 BC, the opisthodomos and ptero were added. However, the theory that the entire temple was built around 600 BC prevails today. The temple was renovated a few times, and the Romans decided to convert it into a kind of museum. The museum was for sanctuary’s choicest treasures, such as the famous Hermes by Praxiteles. The temple, which has a typical squat appearance owing to its great length in proportion to itsextent and its low height, is orientated east-west. It was a Doric peripteral hexastyle with sixteen columns at the sides. The original wooden columns were slowly replaced by stone ones. In which they belong to every period from the Archaic to Roman times, and it demonstrates the full development of the Doric style. Even when Pausanias visited the temple in the second century AD, a wooden column was still in place at the opisthodomos. The columns had shallow...
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...Pecola had a similar fascination with the images on a Mary Jane wrapper. “To eat the candy is somehow to eat the eyes, eat Mary Jane. Love Mary Jane. Be Mary Jane.” (43) Pecola was preoccupied on literally ingesting what she considered this ideal figure of beauty. The Mary Jane candies are interesting as well, being an example of the power that is held over the young black girls. In addition to Claudia and Pecola acting as a contrast and similarity to shirley Temple, both representing the underprivileged side of society, Morrison also includes families and individual characters who aspire to live like the ruling class and seek social equality by disassociating themselves from the lower class African Americans. Later on in The Bluest Eye,...
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...Topic: Minimum Spanning Trees of Graph theory and its real life application into the tourism Industry. Abstract: My research question for this extended essay is: Minimum Spanning Trees of Graph theory and its real life application into the tourism Industry. The purpose of this research report is to show how some simple mathematical concepts can also be used as a tool for big scale applications. My extended essay opens up with an introduction on why this topic was chosen and my personal approach. Following the introduction, the next section gives background information about Graph Theory and narrowing down to the concepts of Trees. The research was then narrowed into the theory of Minimum Spanning Trees. 2 crucial algorithms for finding the Minimum Spanning Tree of a network, namely Kruskal’s Algorithm and Prim’s Algorithm were used. These algorithms are used to solve for the shortest path that visits each point at least once or a path of minimum cost, in a given set of vertices and edges. The application of these algorithms into the tourism industry of Singapore involved two different sets of networks, with vertices representing the different attractions. Each network contains 5 different attractions. Following which, raw data such as the distances between each and every attraction were collected before plotting the network. Both algorithms were then compared and contrasted in terms of their effectiveness and identify which is more preferable to be used, in terms of providing...
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...myopia. Since myopia commonly known short-sightedness is a condition characterized by the light focusing in from of retina instead of on its surface, concave lenses are typically used for correction. Unfortunately price of the glasses is high and in developing countries, people cannot afford buying them. We propose to use 3D printing technology for making out glasses for low cost. Additionally 3D printing gives flexibility of the design and allows adding more sophisticated components...
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...Syria, during this time under Antiochus III ruling, they always had been allowed to freely follow their customs until Antiochus IV Epiphanes became ruler in 175BCE. Antiochus IV forbid the Jewish religion and forced the Jews to worship the Greek Gods. Antiochus increasingly persecuted the Jews throughout his reign. The Jews were killed in large numbers, their temple in Jerusalem was vandalized, and in 167 BCE an alter to Zeus was built inside the temple, this angered the Jews and at this point they decided to fight back. A priest named Mattathias and his sons, who included Judah Maccabee, led the battle against Antiochus. Although they were greatly out numbered, they won the fight. Upon the return to their temple, they discovered it had been destroyed and that repairs would have to be made. To complete the repairs they needed light. The menorah was supposed to burn all night, every night. The brothers discovered they had only a one day supply of oil and when they lit the menorah it burned for eight days, which was enough time to prepare additional oil. This was a miracle for the Jews and by 165 BCE they could rededicate the Temple...
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...infinite, eternal and all-embracing principal. Hinduism is one of the most sacred religions in the world. There is no other religion that compares to it. Hindus do not try to push their religion on anyone nor do they feel their religion is better than anyone else’s. They are a very nonviolent religion and do not discriminate. Hinduism has been the main religion for Indian people for centuries, so it is vital to the place it was originated in. Sikhism, Islamism and Christianity are the other religions practiced in India but Hinduism is the biggest religion practiced out there. The temple I visited was a Hindu Temple down the street from my house in Scottsdale Arizona. The actual name of the temple was just “Hindu Temple”. A few years back I did not see many Hindu temples, but now I have seen one in each city that I have lived in. Hindu temples are decorated with bright colors and usually each temple has a different god or goddess statue in it. They are so beautiful inside and have a very welcoming feel to them. There are bells hanging from the ceiling that Hindus ring when they...
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...principal. Hinduism is one of the most sacred religions in the world. There is no other religion that compares to it. Hindus do not try to push their religion on anyone nor do they feel their religion is better than anyone else’s. They are a very nonviolent religion and do not discriminate. Hinduism has been the main religion for Indian people for centuries, so it is vital to the place it was originated in. Sikhism, Islamism and Christianity are the other religions practiced in India but Hinduism is the biggest religion practiced out there. The temple I visited was a Hindu Temple in Calabasas California, far away from my home in Victorville, California, since there are no temples nearby. The actual name of the temple was just “Hindu Temple”. A few years back I did not see many Hindu temples, but now I have seen one in each major city that I drive by. Hindu temples are decorated with bright colors and usually each temple has a different god or goddess statue in it. They are so beautiful inside and have a very welcoming feel to them. There are bells hanging from the ceiling that Hindus ring when they pray, it is a part of their worshiping process. You...
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...known as the Feast of Lights or the eight-day Jewish celebration (Molloy, 2010). When the menorah is all-light up on the eighth day, what a beautiful sight. Hanukkah marks a great day in the Jewish history. Throughout this paper, the following will be cover in regards to Hanukkah: the time of year, historical origin, religious practice(s), and cultural differences in observance of this day. Hanukkah occurs during the early winter (Molloy, 2010). This year in 2012 Hanukkah will begin on the evening of December 8 and end on the evening of December 16 (History.com, 2012). Each year is different depending on the year. There are times that Hanukkah can land in late November and early December. Hanukkah dates back to 165 B.C. (Gitelman, Jan/Feb 1997), this is when the Second Temple was rededicated. The rededication of the Second Temple occurred in Jerusalem. This is what happens for Hanukkah to occur. Antiochus IV Epiphanies son of Antiochus III, the Seleucid king of Syria, wanted the Jews to discontinue their worship to one God. He wanted the Jews to worship the Greek Gods. During this time, he outlawed the Jewish religion. Many Jews were slaughter like the pigs that were sacrificed for Zeus as they overtook the Second Temple. Matthias the Jewish priest fought back until his death, his son Judah then took over and within two years was able to defeat Antiochus IV (History.com, 2012). That day marked the beginning of Hanukkah. Judah had the Second Temple cleanse and found...
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...Jewish Holy Days Paper REL/134 June 12, 2013 Hanukkah Hanukkah is an eight day and night celebration. That begins in the Jewish month called Kislev, occurring in November or December of a secular calendar. The word Hanukkah means dedication. The holiday is rededication of the holy temple in Jerusalem (165 B.C). The event was established when Jewish victory over the Syrian Greeks. Hanukkah is a holiday that has significance like Christmas. The celebration has a meaningful history, traditions practices, and cultural differences in the various branches of Judaism. The story is in 168 B.C. the Jewish temple was seized by the Syrian Greek soldiers. The Jewish people were afraid to fight back. After the Syrian Greek Emperor ordered all Jews to worship Greek gods. The Jews began to resistance and join together to retake their land from the Greeks. The rebels were called Maccabees. Maccabees got control of their land and returned to the temple of Jerusalem. The Jews were forced to eat swine and worship ideal gods. So to cleanse their selves they burned ritual oils in the temple of Jerusalem for eight days. The significant thing was there was only enough oil for one day but, the oil surprised the Jews and lasted eight days. That was the miracle of Hanukkah. There are many traditions when it comes to celebrating Hanukkah. The celebration involves games, the songs, and foods. One of the games is called dreidel. It’s the spinning of the four side toy. The songs are like...
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...winter festival recalling the rededication of the “Second Temple” with the lighting of candles for eight days. In 167 BCE the Seleucid ruler, Antiochus IV took over the temple, apparently with the intention of introducing the worship of Greek God Zeus to the site. He deliberately placed on the altar a dish of pork; a forbidden meat. He also forbade circumcision; a religious practice. His acts caused so much hatred among the Jews that they rebelled. Led by the Jewish family of five brothers, the Maccabees; the Jews took back the rule of their country, and the temple was rededicated to the worship of Israel’s one God. This winter festival widely kept today is a joyous memorial that recalls the rededication of the “Second Temple”, which is observed for eight days and eight nights starting on the 25th day of Kislev (according to the Hebrew calendar), which may occur any time from late November to late December in the Gregorian calendar. The festival is observed by the kindling of the lights of a unique candelabrum, the nine-branched Menorah or Hanukiah, one additional light on each night of the holiday, progressing to eight on the final night. The typical Menorah consists of eight branches with an additional raised branch. The extra light is called a Shamash and is given a distinct location, usually above or below the rest of the candles. The purpose of the Shamash is to have a light available for use, as using the Hanukkah lights themselves is forbidden. Hanukkah is often equated to...
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...Unit 2: AHIST 1401 Written Assignment Ancient Greece and Rome are known for the architecture of their buildings including temples. The Parthenon in Athens is a Doric peripteral temple on the Athenian Acropolis in Greece which was dedicated to the goddess Athena. The Pantheon is also a former temple but located in Rome, Italy. It is now used a church and is the most preserved and influential building in Ancient Rome. (Rome.Info, n.d.) Although both former temples, they have not only similarities but a few differences as well. Both were built in different styles and their functions have different purposes as well. However, looking at the styles and functions, we can interpret how they are examples of Greek and Roman culture. The Parthenon’s...
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...originated in Canada in the year 1974. They quickly moved to the United States where they became one of the most popular bands in their era. Alex plays the guitar, Geddy plays the keyboards and bass while singing, and Neil Peart plays his massive drum-set and writes the band’s lyrics. In 1976, Rush came out with their fourth album, 2112—this album is often referred to as “Rush’s break-through album”. This album might possibly feature Rush’s greatest song ever composed, 2112. This song is based in the year 2112, and takes place at “The Temples of Syrinx”, which is where many priests live their lives. These priests do not believe in individualism, they believe they are all equal. All the priests that live at this temple are banded together under the Red Star of the Solar Federation. One day, one of these priests finds a guitar. He learns to how to play this guitar and shows the other priests, even though guitars have been banished from the temple for decades. The high priest thinks the guitar is evil and that it had destroyed the older generations of mankind. The high priest destroys the guitar. The 2112 album cover is seen as a red pentagram with a naked man on it, but Neil interprets the red star being the evil red star of the Solar Federation and the naked man is the pure, abstract man against the mass. Rush’s tone color is filtered with a single guitar, a bass or keyboard, drum-set, and Geddy’s voice. Their style is very unique and hard to describe. We haven’t gone through...
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...Comparison of Two Religions: Hinduism and Buddhism Strayer University Professor Carla Thompson April 28, 2014 Comparison of Two Religions: Buddhism and Hinduism Buddhism Buddhism was founded around 500 BCE by Prince Siddhartha Gautama. Gautama Buddha who was born about 2,500 years ago questioned his sheltered luxurious life in a palace. Leaving the palace he found four sights, a sick man, an old man, a dead man and a monk. Seeing this he realized that even a prince could not escape the issues of illness, suffering and death. So a monk told him to relinquish all his power and become a wandering holy man and seek the answers of why must people suffer and what was the cause of the suffering” (United Religions Initiative, 2002). For many years of doing many religious practices, including praying, meditating and fasting, he finally understood the basic truths of life. He realized this all by sitting under a popular-figtree in India for many days in meditation and this is when he was enlighten which is actually known as nirvana and this is when he was given the title of the Buddha which is the meaning of the Enlightened One. Buddha spread his teachings from India as far as Asia, becoming the dominate religion in many countries” (Fisher, 2014).It is thought that the Buddha lived many lives before his birth as Gautama, and that he continues to live through his teachings and his relics. Buddhism is the religion and philosophy which developed out of the teachings of...
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