...UNITED NATIONS 1-ABOUT UNITED NATIONS The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter. Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food,production,andmore. The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 2-United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA, GA, or, from the French: Assemblée Générale, "AG") is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive...
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...Crystal Khamiseng Mrs. Phillips English 101 Monday, January 16, 2017 In Response To “Selma” From about 1990 to 1965, most African American in the Southern states were not allowed to vote. The African-Americans had to go through illegal tactics and methods that kept them from voting. The 15th Constitutional Amendment permitted the African-Americans to vote by letting all citizens of the United States vote regardless of their race or color. Even with this 15th amendment, the whites in the South had their own methods to keep African Americans from voting. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, was one of the many civil rights activists, whose idea was to get racial equality by grabbing the public's attention of racism, joined in the fight for civil right movement for black Americans. Dr. King led peaceful protests and boycotts without violence to get the right to vote for all kind. There were many strategies to...
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...Lewis and Dr. King, worked to register black voters. Martin Luther King’s voter registration movement worked on a city-by-city approach, gathering national attention. Other civil rights leaders, such as John Lewis and William Hosea, worked more locally in the most dangerous areas of the Deep South for African-Americans. While both worked to register voters, King’s method is better characterized as an attempt to change the public discourse about race in this country, while John Lewis’ method attempted to change public action. Led by John Lewis and William Hosea, “Bloody Sunday” occurred as a result of the fight for freedom and equality. In order to make some headway against centuries of legally sanctioned racism and discrimination, the United States government began to promote and support the Civil Rights Movement. The relatively scarce attention the march in US history textbooks is quite disappointing in a sense that it illustrates an event that is not fully depicted. The battle fought on the bridge, in a way, is being fought till this day. Voter registration laws, though not as harsh as Jim Crow literacy tests, create barriers that restrict minorities from having the opportunity to vote. By surveying a few of the patterns of inequality that still prevail in many sectors of American society, this essay will explore the significance of the bridge and what it represents. The annual march held in recognition of “Bloody Sunday” promotes a sense of hope for a better future and efforts...
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...policy is particularly biased against African Americans, and the act of withholding voting rights defies American democratic principles. One major way that the system by which felons can reacquire their civil rights is flawed is expressed by the Tampa Bay Times reporter Steve Bousquet, who asserts that “to regain those rights, a felon must petition the governor and Cabinet for...
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...Electronic Voting Literature Review Computer scientists who have done work in, or are interested in, electronic voting all seem to agree on two things: * Internet voting does not meet the requirements for public elections * Currently widely-deployed voting systems need improvement Voting on the Internet using every day PC's offers only weak security, but its main disadvantages are in the areas of anonymity and protection against coercion and/or vote selling. It's such a truly bad idea that there seems to be no credible academic effort to deploy it at all. The Presidential elections of 2000 brought national attention to problems with current American methods of casting and counting votes in public elections. Most people believe that the current system should be changed; there is much disagreement on how such changes should be made. The MIT/Caltech researchers [1] “see a promising future for electronic voting, despite its problems today” (under a few conditions). They advocate using the methods currently in use which result in the lowest average numbers of “uncounted, unmarked, and spoiled ballots,” like in-precinct optical scanning. Their report even proposes a framework for new voting system with a decentralized, modular design. Other researchers have done work in electronic voting; while they may not explicitly mention voting from remote poll sites, their work is nonetheless relevant to any effort at designing or implementing a remote poll site voting system...
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...America’s Political Parties Crystal Ann Smith Leah Raby POL110: United States Government 03/17/2014 Politics The two major political parties in the United States today are the Democratic and the Republican parties. They share the meaning to the way the political and presidential system should be run but are how different are they? One of the main differences between the two is that Democrats are Liberals and Republicans are Conservative but how is there a homeostasis between the two and why is there no real middle ground? The following information will explain in depth the differences between the liberals and conservatives as well as the campaign process in maintaining the two and the reason why there is only a two-party system. History and Current State The Democratic Party can be traced back to before America’s independence from Britain and is the oldest political party that has existed. It was formed in 1792 under Thomas Jefferson and established under the presidency of Andrew Jackson in the 1830’s but democracy has come a long way from that. Now the democrat party’s philosophy is labeled as the Liberal in which the supporters focus on ideas of liberty and equality and support current issues such as free and fair elections, civil rights, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free trade and private property.( McGowan, 2007) The Republican Party is the second oldest political party in the United States and was first established with Abraham Lincoln in 1860 which...
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...Do Electronic Voting Machines Improve the Voting Process? The electronic voting machine embraces an electronic means of efficiently casting a vote and electronic means of accurately counting votes. Electronic voting machines, can also display election results and because of controversies associated with their operation audit trail, information can also be obtained. There are many types of electronic voting systems: paper based electronic voting system; which provides a paper ballot to be marked by hand but counted electronically. Pressing buttons or using a touch screen can operate a direct recording electronic voting machine either mechanically or electrically. This machine stores the voting data in a memory bank as a printed copy, and can transmit results to a central location. A public network voting machine uses electronic ballots, which can be transmitted from the polling place to a central location as they are cast or as a batch throughout the election process. Electronic voting machines can be made fully accessible for persons with disabilities, allowing them the freedom to vote without experiencing any hardships. Because ballot tallies are done at the close of polling stations, many of the men and women are tired leaving much room for error. According to United States General Accounting Office (2004), testimony provided to various government agencies with a research report on electronic voting systems performance attributes. The report provides a summary...
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...Malia Lambert A. A key argument in support of the Fifteenth Amendment was that it provides protection against racial discrimination in voting, which was a significant victory for African Americans who had been fighting for their right to participate in the political process since before the Civil War. They felt that they deserved equal rights, the same as their white rivals. Having fought for their freedom in the Civil War, they believed that they deserved full citizenship and voting rights as a reward for their services. This victory was crucial for African Americans as it marked a turning point in their fight for equal rights and justice. A key argument in opposition to the Fifteenth Amendment was that for over a decade Women's rights activists...
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...Marissa Shivers Mr. Eliason AP United States History 18 December 2016 Between the years of 1815 and 1840, politics in the United States changed drastically. After the War of 1812, an “Era of Good Feelings” emerged, characterized by the presence of one dominant political party, the Democratic-Republicans. Throughout this time period and the ensuing events that led to the formation of the two-party system, participation in political campaigns and elections drastically changed due to an overall increasing interest in politics from American citizens, as well as more politicians attempting to appeal to the “common man”. The percentage of eligible voter participation and the percent of states allowing voters to choose presidential electors rose dramatically...
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...PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS 1. UN General Assembly (UNGA) Deliberative assembly of all UN member states (each country has one vote) may resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states, or suggestions to the UNSC (not a Parliament) decides on the admission of new members, on proposal of the UNSC adopts the budget elects: - the non-permanent members of the UNSC all members of ECOSOC on the proposal of the UNSC theUN Secretary General and the 15 judges of the ICJ The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA/GA) - Is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations - the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Powers to oversee the budget of the United Nations appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions. Meetings UNGA meets under its president or Secretary-General in regular yearly sessions. It can also reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. Its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Westminster Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations. Voting in the General Assembly on important questions Each member country has one vote. recommendations on peace...
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...Introduction In the show, The West Wing, President Bartlett says that decisions are made by individuals that show up to vote. That quote touches on one aspect of voting which is to choose elected leaders, however voting has many other functions than just choosing leaders. Voting gives a government legitimacy, holds elected officials accountable by placing them under threat of being voted out of office, and influence public policy decisions. Overall, voting is a key piece of the American political system because of the representative nature of the Constitutions and the notion that the people are the rightful masters of the government at all levels of power. Main Body Of all the functions, the connotation around elections is that they are for...
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...The Quest for Equality Debbie Werley U.S. History 1312 Dr. Wendell Hunnicut Final Essay March 21, 2012 Although the United States was founded on the ideal that all men are created equal, many Americans throughout our history have not enjoyed this privilege. Several issues, such as voting rights, labor equality, and equal opportunities in education have faced minorities and women in our country. Many gains in improving equality have been made. Voting rights for all Americans, improvement in workplace discrimination, and equal opportunities in education are some examples of these gains. Various prominent citizens have worked diligently throughout our history to accomplish equality for these groups using different methods. Some of these methods have worked better than others. Boycotts, peaceful marches and courtroom battles were some of the methods that brought better results. Many equality issues have affected minorities and women in our country. The fight for the right to vote was long and difficult for both groups. Although the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870, granting all black men voting rights, (Jones et al, 2009, 373) it was not until after World War II that this right was realized. Women’s suffrage was an even longer battle. Begun in 1866, when women reformers attempted to secure this right along with African American’s right to vote, women would not gain the vote until ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (Jones et al, 2009, 476). Equality...
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...in the United States and Blacks in South Africa were being discriminated against simply because of the color of their skin. In the last decade of the nineteenth century in the United States, racially discriminatory laws and racial violence aimed at African Americans and other minority groups began to flourish and expand. Elected, appointed, or hired government authorities began to require or permit discrimination. There were a number of acts that were permitted that discriminated against African Americans. Segregation was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in the case of, Plessy v. Ferguson. In 1896, legally mandated by Southern states and nationwide at the local level of government, voter suppression or disfranchisement in the southern states, denial of economic opportunity or resources nationwide, and private acts of violence and mass racial violence aimed at African Americans, were unhindered or encouraged by government authorities. Although racial discrimination was present nationwide, the combination of law, public and private acts of discrimination, marginal economic opportunity, and violence directed toward African Americans in the southern states became known as Jim Crow laws or acts. Peaceful protests against the discrimination of African Americans voting rights were demonstrated in Selma, Alabama in 1965 and led by Martin Luther King, Jr. Brutality erupted from the state police towards the peaceful protesters and Congress was awestruck. The Voting Rights...
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...African Americans fighting for Rights in the 1960's, also helped to make the United States what it is today. When in the 1960's, leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, stood forward to talk about the rights that were taken away from African Americans, they were looked down on. Today however, they are heroes to us. The steps and actions made by them to free the African American people from segregation, and for them to have a chance at having equal rights and liberties as stated by the constitution. After the end of slavery and the writing of the Emancipation Proclamation the first steps were made towards civil rights. The 1940's to the 1960's were a section in time where racial injustice was done to the African American people. As we came to the 1960's a change came to the United States in the goals, strategies, and the support towards the movement for African Americans civil rights. The start of the 1960's brought on changes in the goals that were set by African Americans towards their civil rights. It started with the search for Desegregation of public facilities. The desegregation of schools, buses, and bathrooms, are just a few examples of what the African Americans hoped to change. A change in segregation came with the Brown vs. Board of Education trial. Later on as more African Americans began to see how the political structure of the United States worked, they decided that voting rights were prejudice towards people. Whites made tests that would disqualify...
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...The United States Prison System A Glimpse Behind the Bars Currently there are 2.2 million Americans behind bars. They cost the country $60 billion a year. Studying the American prison system and the issues that currently exist within it is an exhausting task. Even taking a mere glimpse at the overlaying problems will provide an intense awakening and much material for critical thought. Discrimination based on race clearly exists within the prison system. 1. On December 31st, 2005-There were an estimated 491 prisoners per 100,000 United States residents, up from 411 at the year 1995. As well, there were 3,145 black male sentenced inmates per 100,000 black males in the United States. There were 1244 Hispanic male sentenced inmates per 1000 Hispanic males and 471 white male inmates per 100,000 while males, at this time. To visit the Bureau of Justice Statistics page, Prison Statistics, click here. This racial discrimination that exists within the prison system is having great effects on the country, especially in the area of voting. 1. “According to an October 1998 report by The Sentencing Project, a Washington-based legal research and service organization, in a dozen states, 30 to 40 percent of the next generation of black men will permanently lose the right to vote if current trends continue. In nine states, one in four black men can never vote again because they were convicted of a felony. Upon release from prison in Washington State, felons automatically lose...
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