...Globalisation is the integration of a country to a global level. In this current century, people’s views are no longer between “country and them” but in fact are more likely to be the “world and them”. Kenichi ohmae, writer of “The borderless World” once mention in his book that globalisation that created a borderless world among country (Ohmae 1999). While globalisation has positive, innovative, dynamic aspects, it also has negative, disruptive, marginalizing aspects (UNDP 1999). Over the past 30 years, globalisation had brought new dimensions to the traditional economic thinking around trading trade. The existing of globalisation causes impacts in economic, political and social in the 21st century. Globalisation had rise tremendously since the advance of technology, science, and transport. Industries are moving to different country every second just from the help of these advanced technologies. Countries had lowered their barriers for international trade and welcoming foreign investment and trade. Corporation now have the flexibility of operate across borders and thus increase foreign investment in other country. Foreign investment will increase economic growth in many developing countries. A research done by African Economic Research Consortium for Nigeria proves that foreign direct investment positively affects their economic growth and needs to be encouraged (African economic research consortium 2007). China is the top ranked destination for foreign investors since year...
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...Globalisation can be defined as the increased interconnectedness of society and the people, cultures and identities within it. Around the world various cultural traditions, beliefs, food etc. can be seen as either already having a permanent place within other societies or as being slowly integrated. Simply, globalisation can be seen in the food we eat and the products we buy. The advancements of new technology, the ability to book a flight cheaply and the influence of international media corporations means that various parts of the world are becoming more westernised and increasingly multicultural – Like the UKs. While this may sound like a good thing in theory, it can be argued that globalisation can cause fundamentalism in response, meaning that some groups of people and individuals respond to globalisation in a hostile way as they see the introduction and integration of various other cultures as threat, to what they see as, their own dominant culture. Steve Bruce identified one function of religion as creating cultural defence. When applied to a context of globalisation and fundamentalism it can be said that some communities feel that their culture and identity is threatened not by individuals but by alternative ideals and beliefs from other cultures. For example In the 50s Western capitalist powers had significant influence in Iran, which in turn resulted in the implementation of pro-Western regime. In 1979 there was a revolution in protest to the regime and an Islamic...
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...“The Effects of Globalisation on Australia” Economic, Social, Cultural, Environmental and Political Word Count: 1,638 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Economic 5 Social 7 Cultural 9 Environmental 10 Political 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Executive Summary The effects of Globalisation on Australia can be disseminated into a number of different categories. For the purposes of this report five major categories including Economic, Social, Cultural, Environmental and Political have been explored and summarised but is by no means exhaustive. The overall effects and impact of globalisation on Australia may well be positive to the general population, but there will always be those who are disadvantaged, and those who have increased advantages. In this report the authors attempt to separate the above mentioned elements and treat them individually. It should be noted however that it is extremely difficult to do so as many issues interact and overlap with some or all of the elements of globalisation, as globalisation has been in existence since the stone-age. “Just as the concept of globalisation is contested and multifaceted so are the choices available to citizens and governments.”[i] Introduction How one views ‘the effects of globalisation on Australia’ will very much be determined if one defines globalisation in its broader sense or otherwise. Globalisation seems to be the catch phrase of the 21st Century...
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...GLOBALISATION COG: GROUP ASSIGNMENT What is Globalisation? Globalisation might have become a buzz-word off late but it is not a new phenomenon. Globalisation loosely refers to the integrated international activities and might have its roots in economic benefits of specialization and competitive advantage. However, with the increased flow of information and ideas across the nations, globalisation has led to make the world a level playing field with very little barriers. The first wave of the organised globalisation started with nations going global, essentially in the quest of new avenues to increase the revenue from the trade activities and access to natural resources. The scramble for the new markets and natural resources led to imperialism and eventually to wars. In the second wave of the globalisation it was organizations that were going global, again in the search for markets and cheaper resources. As the organizations continued to prosper reaping the benefits of the global supply chain, there was an increasing pressure to further reduce the trade barriers amongst the nations. In the third wave of the globalisation, it’s the people who are going global and has lead to integration of different cultures. The world has become a single market and has presented the organizations with huge opportunities as well as increased competition. The complicated interdependencies have perplexed the organizations and regulatory authorities looking for the sweet spot between growth...
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...Globalisation has brought with it changes that affect almost every aspect of people’s lives. One such change is the result of the growing tendency to culture merger. People from all strata of life from different countries all over the world enjoy the same movies, television shows, food and fashion. The global village ushered in by Marshal McLuhan has not only become a contemporary reality but seems to have demolished all frontiers, not only between countries but also between cultures and so national cultures which give form to national identity have been absorbed in one global culture resulting in the loss of individual national identity. Various debates on whether globalisation improves cultural diversity or else makes this diversity uniform are very much on the agenda. Culture distinguishes one country from another. It links people to places in a number of ways. These links include religion, dress, food, or the media. The latter serves also as a means for advertising different cultures around the world. One may easily claim that, due to the increasing interpenetration happening in our world, national cultures are becoming diluted and homogenised into one huge global culture. The term ‘interpenetration’ refers to the “distant cultures... come[ing] face to face with each other at a local level...” (Cochrane & Pain, 2004, p.16). The globalisation of culture is just one way in which globalisation manifests itself. Globalisation can be summarised as the force that covers...
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... PESTLE, SWOT, 5 Forces, CVF – MUST have an explanation of what it is) The Organisation The industry – supermarkets, news, journals * Market Share – who controls the market * Current news? * PESTLE – table and a SUMMARY! * Competitors – 5 forces table + competitor table Organisation - Tesco * Background * Statistics * etc * SWOT Challenge * Define it * In relation to company Recommendations * CVF – where should Tesco be Conclusions TESCO AND GLOBALISATION This Essay would contain information on Tesco as an industry and organisation. It would also analyse Tesco using the four models; PESTLE, SWOT, Porter’s 5 forces and the competitive value framework (CVF). An in-depth look into the term globalisation, its advantage and importance as well a the global challenge Tesco is currently facing, its competitor and how they have reacted to globalisation and recommendations on how to handle their global challenge this paper would contain. Jack Cohen first formed Tesco. This happened in the year 1919 when he first opened up a stall in the East end of London. Tesco started out as a very small business and it did so on the platform of sole proprietorship however today, Tesco is one of the world's largest retailers with a clear, proven growth strategy. It has over 492,000 employees and about 5,300 stores across 14 markets Tesco has its headquarters in Chestnut, United Kingdom. It was...
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...We now communicate and share each other's cultures through travel and trade, transporting products around the world in hours or days. We are in a huge global economy where something that happens in one area can have knock on effects worldwide. This process is called globalisation. Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. It’s the way goods, companies, information, jobs and fashion are flowing more easily around the world, which has increased the production of goods and services. Globalisation happens because it has influenced us to improve out transportation – the larger the company shipping a vast amount of goods transporting between countries meaning the cost will decrease, so the cost per item can reduce when operating on a larger scale. Freedom of trade – Organisations such as TNC and WTO has been promoting free trade to help remove barriers between countries. An improvement of communication – the internet and mobile technology has allowed us to have a greater communication around the world. Labour availability and skills – countries such as India have lower labour costs and also high skill levels. Labour intensive industries such as clothing can take advantage...
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...Impacts of Globalisation The Management of People & Organisations INTRODUCTION Globalisation has significantly impacted the functionality and prosperity of people, organisations and how they are managed. Of these impacts, a vast collection of influences have lead managers to both realise and take advantage of highly rewarding business opportunities as well as confront challenges that could be detrimental to the success of their organisations. The purpose of this essay is to examine the effects of globalisation on the management of organisations and people via the analysis of particular environments including the economic, cultural, technological and sustainable environments. Each factor, having considerable correlation with each other will delve into issues including anti-capitalist backlash, parochialism and geocentric attitudes, technological acquaintance and the eco-effectiveness of decisions made by leadership. The analysis indicates that challenges managers face from globalisation in managing people and organisations will need to be addressed by the adaptation of geocentric attitudes covering the embrace of a global leadership mindset, the appreciation of cultural diversity and the development of technological know-how to accompany the existing and essential leadership skills including change management, decision making and strategic rational. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Primarily considering the economic environment and the initial rise of globalisation is imperative...
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...broad business or far environment STEP analysis • External analysis identifies opportunities and threats through continuous learning about the global and local business environments Industries and markets • An industry consists of a group of businesses producing / supplying similar products (goods or services) using similar: – – – – resources, skills, competences, technology processes and value adding activities materials supplier channels and distribution channels Markets • A market is defined in terms of shared: – – – – – products or services customers customer needs distribution channels Competitors Why the distinction between industry and market? • Businesses develop core competences within an industry which are then deployed in markets to satisfy customer demands – An industry can serve more than one market – A market can be served by more than one industry Analysis of the competitive environment • This involves assessing: – the extent of globalisation in the industry and market ‐ Yip’s globalisation driver framework – the nature and extent of competition ‐ Porter’s five forces or the resource‐based framework – strategic groups The network of business environments national macro business environment national industry national market The firm global industry global market global macro business environment Yip’s globalisation drivers • Analyse which aspects of industries and markets are global and which are local ...
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...Does the term ‘globalisation’ deserve the significance it has acquired in recent years? Introduction Globalisation conjures a myriad of ideas in the mind of individuals due to the varying experiences it has presented over the years. It has become very significant in the 21st century with a deep rooted historical background dating as far back as the 19th century. It is possible to assert that globalisation has transformed our world giving rise to many opportunities although there are numerous risks. However, globalisation has much significance as it affects all our lives. It has benefited many as barriers have been lowered and it has fostered the increased integration of economies. According to Allen and Thomas (2000) ‘Globalisation is a ‘process which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions- assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact-generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, and exercise of power’(Allen and Thomas,2000, p.348). This essay will argue that the term globalisation does deserve the significance it has acquired in recent years, by exploring four themes through the lens of technological advancement, capitalism, the economic dimensions and the impact on the British economy. Globalisation as a concept is not particularly new but it has a historical background which predates 1870 and can be traced even further to earlier periods. Contemporary...
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...Society has now entered a new postmodern age and we need new theories to understand it, assess this view (33 marks) Most meta-narrative theories such as Functionalism and Marxism can be described as 'modernist' theories in that they explain the workings of 'modern society'. Modern society first emerged in Western Europe from about the late 18th century following the industrial revolution and the mass industrialisation of the western world. Modern can be distinguished from previous traditional societies in a number of ways. Firstly, the nation-state is the key political unit in modern society, we tend to think of the modern world as made up of a series of separate societies, each with its own state. In contrast to the small traditional feudal society where one had to look after themselves, modern nation states have created large administrative bureaucracies and educational, welfare and legal institutions to regulate their citizens lives. The nation state is also an important source of identity for citizens, who identify with its symbols such as the flag. Modern societies run off a capitalist economy. Capitalism brought about the industrialisation of modern society and with it the massive wealth modern nation-states now possess. However the wealth distribution within modern societies is unequal, resulting in class conflict according to the Marxist theology. The nation-state is important in regulating capitalism resulting in something Lash and Urry call 'organised...
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...If you care to count, globalisation is a thirteen-letter word. Perhaps that is why many are tempted to believe that there is a primeval curse on the phenomenon. As the focal point of unending controversy, globalisation has been both lauded to the skies and decried vehemently – often for the same effects. And in a world where economic integration is widely viewed as “detrimental” to poorer nations, many would agree emphatically with the motion of the house – that globalisation is imperialism repackaged. While making their zealous arguments, however, most critics overlook the fact that by very definition globalisation and imperialism are near-polar opposites. A natural confusion, considering the growing trend of socialistic thought. After all, Lenin wrote extensively about how capitalism was nothing but the parasitic exploitation of the weak nations by the powerful. Central to this perspective is the one where multinationals are considered as monopolistic villains operating in a global playing field without regulations. Here again, with the yoke of the British and the East India company barely off their backs, former colonies can but look upon the phenomenon of integration with deep distrust. And thus, what is in fact the concept of unfettered trade among all countries was blown up to the proportions of an exploitative force to crush developing nations for the selfish interests of the capitalists. At the very onset of our argument, therefore, we arrive at an ambiguity. The...
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...the light of the Asian cases Globalisation of TESCO into West coast US market PESTEL YIP‘s Globalisation Drivers Market Drivers: - Ireland Transferable Marketing - USA Niche as "Fresh & Easy" - Asia Economic crisis Rapid economic growth YIP‘s Globalisation Drivers Cost Drivers: - Asia Production/labour cost are lower - Partnerships Simplified/supported sourcing Existing personnel within certain culture Market knowledge and experience YIP‘s Globalisation Drivers Competitive Drivers: - UK Market high competitive market Falling sales Difficult acquisition of new sites Growing threat from discounters Possible price war YIP‘s Globalisation Drivers Governmental Drivers: - Asia: Rapid liberalization of previous restrictions on retail FDI - Ireland Lower taxes - East Europe Collapse of Communism Liberalization policies Government incentives Factors for the success of TESCO in Thailand Mode of market entry Economic crisis (97-98) Collaboration with leading conglomerates ( CP GROUP) Wide range of products availability under one roof (pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, electronics etc.) Reasons for the success of TESCO in South Korea Economic crisis ( 97-98) Support of local companies Developed virtual shopping shelves on the walls of railway stations to capture busy commuters Select locations according to the preference of the consumers Failure of TESCO in Taiwan Unable to get support from the local firms When TESCO entered...
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...1.10 Factors to consider when globalising Factors Description Language Maldivian language factor has to be kept in mind. Well knowledge and language skill staff need to be recruited to adjust according to the local language Culture Countries are different from one other in terms of language spoken, religion practiced, and food eaten and in many other ways. These differences are very real and significant, and HNB should consider how these differences can hinder or facilitate the marketing efforts of the company in the Maldivian market. Market Attractiveness The attractiveness of a market can be assessed by evaluating the market potential in terms of revenues that can be generated, access to the market in terms of the host country being warm...
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...CoNTE j\:\PORA.R'f Contents Foreword Preface iii v Chapter 1 The Cold War Era 1 Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity 17 Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics 31 Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power 51 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia 65 Chapter 6 International Organisations 81 Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second...
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