...ASSESSMENT O DEVELO F PMENT RESULTS E V A L UA T I ON OF UNDP CONTRI BUTI ON ZAMbIA HUMAN DEVELO PMENTeffectiveness CO RDINAT O efficiency CO RDINATIO ANDPARTNERSHIP sus O N NATIO O NAL WNERSHIP relevance MANAGINGFO sustainability MANAGINGFO RESULTS responsiven R AN DEVELO PMENTresponsiveness NATIO O NAL WN NATIO O NAL WNERSHIP effectiveness CO RDINAT O efficiency CO RDINATIO ANDPARTNERSHIP sus O N NATIO O NAL WNERSHIP relevance MANAGINGFO sustainability MANAGINGFO RESULTS responsiven R HUMAN DEVELO PMENTeffectiveness CO RDINAT O ASSESSMENT O DEVELO F PMENT RESULTS EVAL UATI ON OF UNDP CONTRI BUTI ON ZAMBIA Evaluation Office, February 2010 United Nations Development Programme REPORtS PUBliSHED UNDER tHE aDR SERiES Afghanistan Argentina Bangladesh Barbados Benin Bhutan Bosnia & Herzegovina Botswana Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Chile China Colombia Republic of the Congo Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia Georgia Guatemala Guyana Honduras India Jamaica Jordan Lao PDR Libya Maldives Montenegro Mozambique Nicaragua Nigeria Peru Philippines Rwanda Serbia Seychelles Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Turkey Uganda Ukraine Uzbekistan Viet Nam Yemen EvalUatiON tEam team leader team members EO task manager EO Research assistant Erik Lyby Honorine Muyoyeta Jorry Mwenechanya Urs Nagel Zembaba Ayalew aSSESSmENt OF DEvElOPmENt RESUltS: malDivES Copyright © UNDP 2010, all rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. The analysis and recommendations of this...
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...medical care. Western countries are defined as the country that located at western hemisphere affairs such as United Kingdom, Europe, Canada, and America (Worldatlas, year unknown). These countries organise various projects to eradicate these issues so that poverty can be solved. Global poverty is defined as a lack of material wealth needed to maintain existence (The Three Dictionary,2011). This essay will seek to argue that western countries are doing enough to fight global poverty. These will be referenced on the three areas of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, improving the supply of medicine to those in need and providing education to young children. To begin with, western countries are doing enough to fight global poverty because they are eradicating hunger. Western countries provide food and daily needs for the poor through funding or organization like Millennium Development Goals by the United Nations. Around the world more than 2.5 billion of poor live in grinding poverty on less than $2 a day (the UN Works for People and the Planet, 2011). According to the “8 Goals For Africa Campaign”, which is established by the Millennium Development Goals Advocacy Campaign by the UN of South Africa, one of the commitments signed by the UN Millennium Declaration on September 2008 stated that they are willing to commit in abolishing extreme poverty and hunger in South Africa(End Poverty 2015 millennium...
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...report is to report on the history, objectives and constitution of the MDG’s and the success and effectiveness of the MDGs. History of MDGs: In the 1990’s the United Nation (UN) member states went through a historically extraordinary UN press conference process. This conference was aimed at building consensus on development priorities for the 21st century. However, at the end of the 1990’s the governments of the conference experienced conference fatigue and feared the process launched by the conferences was losing steam. In September 2000 in New York there was a large gathering of world leaders called the Millennium Summit. This was the largest gathering of world leaders in history including 189 UN member-states. At the Millennium Summit the United Nation Millennium Declaration was adopted as a result of a series of global conferences held during the 1990’s. The UN saw the Millennium Summit as an opportunity to bring back the development of priorities for the 21st century. It was at this Millennium Summit that the Millennium Declaration set in motion a global partnership and was signed by 147 heads of states. The Millennium declaration had 8 chapters and key objectives. It stressed the observance of international human rights law and international humanitarian law under the principles of UN charter as well as the treaties on sustainable development. From the Millennium Declaration the Millennium development goals evolved. In September 2005 a General Assembly was...
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...consist of 8 goals which were established after the Millennium Summit in 2000 organized by United Nations. The 189 UN member nations (there are 193 currently) who adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration, agreed to achieve these goals by 2015 along with several international organizations committed to development. These goals are: 1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. To achieve universal primary education 3. To promote gender equality and empower women 4. To reduce child mortality 5. To improve maternal health 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. To ensure environmental sustainability 8. To develop a global partnership for development These goals have specific targets made up of several health and economic indicators. Indicators measure the development in developing countries; check the success of those rich countries which help fund development programs, and provide a yardstick for the 23 international organizations committed towards implementation of the MDGs. The current MDG framework (2007) is the revised version which came after a review done by the UN-Secretary General who added four new targets to the previous framework of 2003. The base year however, remained 1990. PAKISTAN’S MDG PROGRESS (Planning Commision, 2013) Pakistan, being a member of UN has had the opportunity to develop under the UN programs and goals. The MDGs sets in 1990 are no exception. Pakistan has taken on the eight goals of MDGs. The...
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...old, un-emulsified product and make the new, emulsified version to fulfill the contracts. Although making the new product would not meet the target return for their investment this is a step that I believe needs to be taken in order to keep up the company’s ethical standards. It seems wrong to be shipping the product in international markets to countries like Guatemala, taking advantage of the lack of information they have on the situation. The company should instead be educating others on what they know and using what resources they have to be promoting the newer, safer product. In my opinion, the IMA ethical code does address the type of ethical issues raised. The code states that each practitioner has the responsibility to “Abstain from engaging in or supporting any activity that might discredit the profession.” If word gets out in the international markets that Bio Hemi had knowledge of the CDC reports that claimed 74 percent of hemophiliacs who used an un-emulsified plasma product were HIV positive, this could shine a very negative light on not only the Bio Hemi company but also to the rest of the companies who work to provide safe and healthy plasma products. The IMA code also claims that each practitioner is held responsible for communicating information fairly and objectively, and to disclose deficiencies in information or internal controls. I would consider failing to inform countries like Guatemala that Bio Hemi’s product may be linked to the spread of HIV a lack...
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...same result, numerous amounts of deaths. Hundreds of thousands to millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa have died as a result of this crisis in different nations, such as Sudan, Ethiopia, (fill in different countries). However, famine is not something that happens overnight, and many factors lead to this major crisis. There are many major factors that build up to the final occurrence of a famine in sub-Saharan Africa. The major causes of famine are droughts, war, economic issues, and food distribution. One of the five causes may lead to a major famine, however, when two or more of the causes “work together” to produce a famine, the situation may become hectic. For example, if a war happens to erupt during a drought, it becomes harder for a nation to prevent an all-out famine crisis rather than if their was just a drought. It has become apparent that international and national intervention is needed to help prevent future famines from taking place. Organizations such as the United Nations (UN), Food Association Organization (FAO), United States Aid (USAID), World Food Production (WFP), Red Cross, etcetera. have been trying to be successful in preventing famines, but cannot succeed without national intervention from governments. Therefore, the many committees must work together in a major attempt to avoid such occurrences and get sub-Saharan Africa on the right track in developing their nations. In order to reach any conclusions, it is...
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...woman can become infected if she has unprotected penetrative sex vaginal or anal, with a man who has HIV. A woman having vaginal sex with a man who has HIV is 2-3 times more likely to become infected than a man would be if he had vaginal sex with an infected woman (HIV and AIDS). AIDS is also spread though sharing contaminated needles for IV drug use, transfusions of blood or blood products from a person with AIDS and children born to an infected mother. Many women in the U.S. have poor access to health care. In addition, women may not perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV infection. Because of this, symptoms that serve as a warning sign of HIV infection may go unheeded (Women and AIDS). Early diagnosis of HIV infection allows women to take full advantage of drug therapies for opportunistic infections, which can forestall the development of AIDS related symptoms and prolong life in HIV-infected people. (Women and AIDS) There are different theories as to the origin of AIDS. AIDS was identified as a new disease in 1981 (Sowadsky). HIV is believed to have originated in Africa sometime between the late 1940s and the early 1950s from the monkey AIDS virus SIV, (Simian Immudificiency virus) (Sowadsky). The two viruses are very similar and are transmitted the same way. However HIV only causes AIDS in humans, and SIV only causes AIDS in monkeys. The SIV virus is found in blood. HIV must have entered humans via monkey blood. This could’ve happened by humans drinking monkey blood,...
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...principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace, to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends,’ (Charter of the United Nations 1994). Therefore having a UN covenant on human rights ensures that a country is working in tandem with other nations towards a common goal including a global consensus on the equal and fair treatment of people regardless of their sex or gender, race or ethnicity, age and socio economic background, thereby enhancing the possibility of world peace. Saint Lucia has come a long way in meeting UN standards for human rights. For instance, ‘Saint Lucia approved the “Use of Force Policy” and the Police Complaints Act, the Counter-Trafficking Act, 2010 was also approved, there has been an increase in gender equality; according to a January 2015 ILO report, 52.3% of managerial positions in Saint Lucia were held by women in 2012, a National Action Child Protection Committee (NACPC) was established and the government introduced the Saint Lucia’s Child Friendly Schools Programme,’ (Caribbean News Now 2015). Although Saint...
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...of state in 2000 -- have unified, galvanized, and expanded efforts to help the world's poorest people. The overarching vision of cutting the amount of extreme poverty worldwide in half by 2015, anchored in a series of specific goals, has drawn attention and resources to otherwise forgotten issues. The MDGs have mobilized government and business leaders to donate tens of billions of dollars to life-saving tools, such as antiretroviral drugs and modern mosquito nets. The goals have promoted cooperation among public, private, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), providing a common language and bringing together disparate actors. In his 2008 address to the UN General Assembly, the philanthropist Bill Gates called the goals "the best idea for focusing the world on fighting global poverty that I have ever seen." The goals will expire on December 31, 2015, and the debate over what should come next is now in full swing. This year, a high-level UN panel, co-chaired by British Prime Minister David Cameron, Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, and Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, will put forward its recommendations for a new agenda. The United States and other members of the UN General Assembly will then consider these recommendations, with growing powers, such as Brazil, China, India, and Nigeria, undoubtedly playing a major role in forging any new agreement. But prior to deciding on a new framework, the world community must evaluate exactly what the MDG effort...
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...Week 1: Core Functions and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic According to the book, “Introduction to public health” the HIV was at its highest in the 1980’s. The new cases that were recorded in the U.S at the time were at its greatest. The new case that was recorded was about 50000 every year. It is not a shock that those numbers were reached because it was at the time that public health was taken for granted and most people were unaware of its activities. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the latter stage of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and usually in the case of HIV; it might take a while to realize that the patient is affected by the virus and it comes with no symptoms. It takes about 3 months to get an idea from a medical perspective that the virus is present because in some cases, it is possible to get a false negative or a false positive because the immune system has not been really affected. AIDS however, does show symptoms as the CD4 count is usually lower 200. The number of lives lost from this deadly disease is quite huge. This situation has been a struggle on the infected and the affected. The 3 core functions of public health as discussed by “The future public health” from include assessment, policy development and assurance. Assessment: The constant assessment in the 3rd world countries especially in Africa has been significant in the past years. Assessment according to the book introduction to public health evaluates the health community...
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...INTERNET, PROSTITUTION, AND HIV/AIDS The number of HIV/AIDS cases in the Philippines has surpassed the 10,000- mark in July. The Department of Health's Philippine HIV/AIDS Registry showed that from 1984 to September 2012, there were 10,830 HIV cases and 1,078 of them became AIDS with 353 deaths. To date, about 10 new cases are reported daily. Since the first AIDS case was diagnosed in 1984, the HIV/AIDS level in the Philippines has been regarded as mysteriously “low and slow.” However, latest statistics seem to suggest that the country's luck is running out. Although HIV prevalence remains below one percent of the general population, it has already breached one percent among key population at higher risk. Sexual contact is the most common mode of HIV transmission, but from 2007 there has been a shift in the predominant trend of sexual transmission from heterosexual contact (20%) to males having sex with other males (MSM, 80%). The DOH clarified that men who engage in sex with men were not all homosexuals. It reiterated that HIV/AIDS is not about being gay but about men having unprotected sex with men. In October, the DOH announced the results of its study conducted last year that showed online social networking contributes to the rise in the HIV/AIDS cases in the country. The study covered 180 MSM respondents. Of the 180 respondents, 124 admitted to using online network sites for dating and sex, while 133 said they had sex with people they contacted through online network...
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...stigmatisation and how it has effect on a person affected by HIV or AIDS. Firstly will introduce brief history of HIV/AID and will then look at the issues faces the stigma within the epidemic of HIV/AIDS. The first recognized of epidemic HIV/AIDS were in the early 1980s, where the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection spread to every country in the world. Statistics show that approximately 40 million people are currently living with HIV infection, and an estimated 25 million have died from this disease. The HIV has been particularly demoralizing in sub Saharan Africa and South Africa, however infection rates in some other countries still remain high. In the United States, approximately 1 million people are currently infected. HIV is one of a group of viruses known as retroviruses. After getting into the body, the virus kills or damages cells of the body's immune system. The body tries to keep up by making new cells or trying to contain the virus, but eventually the HIV wins out and gradually destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancer, National Health Service (NHS 2012). AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) It is caused by HIV and arise when the virus has destroyed so much of the body's defences that immune cell counts fall to vital levels or certain life threatening infections or cancers develop, (NHS,2012). When Nelson Mandela was addressing a conference in 2002, he stated HIV/AIDS has killed people more than any war. It has continued...
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...Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, also known as AIDS, is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).HIV damages body’s immune system by destroying white blood cells which help us to destroy invaded pathogens. When HIV enters a white blood cell, it may remain dormant. However, once it is activated, it infects another cell to produce many new HIVS. After a certain period of time, the white blood cells are destroyed and leading to a loss of function of the immune system (Y.K. Ho,2004). People infected by HIV will turn out to have AIDS. Infected people are very weak to fight off other infectious disease and soon they will die. According to the data and statistics of WHO, global summary of the AIDS epidemic, 2009, the number of people living with HIV is around 33.3 million and AIDS death in 2009 is around 1.8 million. How about China situation? We couldn’t find much data about China situation. Therefore, we have to explore the situation from other sources. 2. Current Situation of AIDS in China According to the ministry of health of the people’s republic of China, the number of people living with AIDS is about 370 thousand and AIDS death is about 60 thousand. The figure is much different from the prediction of United Nations (UN), UN predicted that there will be 10 million people living with AIDS at the end of 2010. So, which figure is more reliable? I would suggest the UN one and the following is my reason. In the early 1990s, the Chinese leadership launched a blood...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...ii. B. Implications i. AIDS vaccine could potentially save billions of lives ii. . C. Objectives of the assignment. i. Identify a health care ethical issue ii. Present facts in an outline format. iii. Describe the pros and cons of the issue including an analysis. iv. Follow APA 6th formatting. II. Literature Review A. Review of the key articles on this topic (5 per team member). i. HIV/AIDS- Ethical/Legal Issues (Arora & Arora, 2009). This article … ii. AIDS Vaccines and Reproductive Immunology (Bourinbaiar, Jirathitikal, Silin, Nian-Qing & Abulafia-Lapid, 2007). This article… iii. Correlates of negative intent to receive an AIDS vaccine: an exploratory study (Crosby, Holtgrave, Bryant, & Frew, 2004). iv. AIDS Care (AIDS CARE), Dhalla S; Nelson KE; Singer J; Poole G. (2009). This article describe how developing an HIV vaccines may contribute to participants better follow-ups and may improve the patient’s knowledge and education regarding HIV/AIDS. v. Development of an AIDS vaccine: perspective from the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative. British Medical Journal. This Article mentioned that HIV continues to be the worst infectious disease that is affecting humanity. Other infectious diseases are eradicated or under controlled by vaccination. They also mentioned that a vaccine is the most effective and...
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