...Introduction: The use of IT and social media was the differentiating factor in the US politics, which catapulted Barack Obama ahead of Mitt Romney and has secured Obama’s second term as the President of the United States. For a long time, traditional social media has been the medium of communication of ideas in politics. Dating back to the 1950s, shrewdly assembled team of social media experts would have designed and crafted political campaigns that appealed and rallied the emotional side of supporters. Most of the occasions, contesting candidates would have carefully selected controversial policies that the majority were against, to garner support by invoking them to think that dethroning the current office would be “changing for the better”. Social Media experts would then exaggerate these feelings of unrest and protest in the undecided voters by publishing contents that citizens feel that are controversial. The reigning party would also, with the help of traditional social media, attempt to strengthen their foothold in the office by reinforcing the pathetic few policies that they have implemented during their term. Traditional social media has indeed played a pivotal role in all political elections all around the globe. However, with the ubiquity of smartphones and personal computers, coupled with a massive surge of online social platforms, the pivotal change of politics seem to lie in the hands of the party who knows how to play the game of IT. There have been numerous...
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...understood from the definition, goes mostly hand in hand with media -- only not the regular meaning of the innocent media we know. Media propaganda is the other form of media that is rather described as media manipulation. In this paper, the following will be discussed: first, how stereotypes of ethnic groups function in propaganda, why does it function so well, and finally, the consequences of these stereotypes on the life of Egyptians in particular in society. A fair examination will be conducted on this example of stereotypes through clarification examples and research results from researches conducted from reliable sources. The real association between Egyptians’ stereotypes and propaganda discussed in this paper shall magnify the association of stereotypes and propaganda in general. It seems necessary for this paper to start with some clarification of the terms associated with propaganda. Propaganda can be thought of as a foster parent for stereotypes. Propaganda is known to be the intentional manipulation of public opinion through hidden messages in advertisements and other media functions. Thus, propaganda uses many techniques to be able to deliver theses hidden messages to the public and influence their opinion. Fear, brainwashing, name calling, glittering generality, misinformation and much more are some of the techniques that propaganda uses to influence and manipulate the opinions of the majority. Propaganda finds the usefulness of stereotypes in the fact that it’s easy...
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...Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President August 27, 2010 COM/220 Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President August 27, 2010 COM/220 Propaganda, Media, and the Making of a President Dr. Joseph Goebbels Dr. Joseph Goebbels The use of propaganda is as popular today for swaying public opinion as it was from 1933 to 1945 in war ravaged Germany. If Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels were alive today, he would be proud to see his propaganda machine being utilized by the U.S. Government to manipulate the masses and used by political parties to elect presidents. From mass print to the “tenth great power” the internet, the persons in control manipulate the masses and systematically destroy our freedoms to truthful information. World War II Propaganda Poster World War II Propaganda Poster In 1938 Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, filled the airwaves with propaganda that led to absolute control of the mass media to the Nazi Party and its Propaganda machine. It was about control, if you control what the masses hear and see, then you control the masses. Goebbels referred to the radio as the “Eighth Great Power”. Through mass exploitation of the media, and control of incoming and outgoing information, propaganda stands as the most effective form of control over swaying public opinion. “Propaganda has been practiced since earliest times, but modern mass media has made it much easier to appeal to wide domestic and foreign audiences” (Hutchinson...
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...Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda, in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda. Propaganda can be used as a form of political warfare. While the term propaganda has acquired a strongly negative connotation by association with its most manipulative and nationalistic examples, propaganda in its original sense is neutral. It may also be construed to refer to uses which are generally held to be somewhat benign or inoffensive, such as public health recommendations, signs encouraging citizens to participate in a census or election, or messages encouraging persons to report crimes to the police, among others. Propaganda was not invented by the Americans. It began with the Roman Catholic Committee for the Propagation of the Faith, an order of the church which was established by a papal bull in 1622. (Baran & Davis, 2013). Throughout the beginning of the twentieth century, the meaning of propaganda was debated as to whether or not it was a good or bad form of communication that could be corrupted...
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...Since the effects of the media increased over people, the aim of the media has gone into an alteration. The morals of the media changed and a huge conflict became into existence between the morals in past and now. As all over the world in Turkey, ethics of the media changed after the media bosses have caught it. Media must be objective, impartial, and balanced, but because of the media bosses, it changed its ethics. The first purpose of media must be objectivity, but media rarely objective while reporting or researching information. Media’s objectivity is filtered and censored by the media owners, advertisers, newsmakers, news sharpers, and the pressure groups. All of the affect media while its doing its job. Media’s job is to inform. Because of the filters of media, it usually uses for propaganda, having profit and power. Many people think media is the most powerful means for propaganda. Lord Beaverbrook (1879-1964), who is owner of the Daily Express and founder of The Sun, and he used his newspaper for entirely for propaganda without taking into consideration of the purposes of media (Watson, 84). Media works same in Turkey as the world. The bosses, who have newspapers and television channels, use them for their propaganda. Moreover, this propaganda works very well because they have power over the people and having amounts of profit owing to media. Media is mass communication, a connection all over the world that informs, entertains, and influences people. It is powerful...
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...New World: The use of mass media and propaganda The society is determined by the nature of people within it and how they relate. The influence of external factors like religion, politics, and technology contribute a lot to the structure and development of the society. In the novel Brave New World, the concept of social media and propaganda are explicitly expressed through various accounts. The author has used the influence of social media to bring a deeper understanding of how various characters, decisions, and acts are influenced. Social media in the novel act as a channel through which propaganda is manifested. Social power and influence is an attribute of propaganda that is directed through the masses via social media. Hence, in the context of this essay will address how mass media and propaganda are used in novel Brave New World. The human society has been dictated by their role in social media and how they influence decision and choices in life. Aldous Huxley in his novel describes a community that has been infiltrated by untruth and misguided by some beliefs and information from a selected group of people. The basic set up in the society is controlled by those who feel superior and elite compared to the others. Propaganda is spread of wrong information that causes a severe impact to the community or a group of people. In the novel Brave New World, the conflict between individual and the society being different and unique is an act of propaganda. The use of Soma drug and...
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...of the corporate world and hence the companies allot a considerable amount of revenues as their advertising budget. There are several reasons for advertising some of which are as follows: * Increasing the sales of the product/service * Creating and maintaining a brand identity or brand image. * Communicating a change in the existing product line. * Introduction of a new product or service. * Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company. Thus, several reasons for advertising and similarly there exist various media which can be effectively used for advertising. Based on these criteria there can be several branches of advertising. Mentioned below are the various categories or types of advertising: Print Advertising – Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising space according to the area occupied by the advertisement, the position of the advertisement (front page/middle page), as well as the readership of the publications. For instance an advertisement in a relatively new and less popular newspaper would cost far less than placing an advertisement in a popular newspaper with a high readership. The price of print ads also depend on the supplement...
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...Propaganda is a horrible tool that evil cruel individuals tend to use to fabricate nonfactual stories or rumors about other people. The main argument that propaganda deals with is that the opposing group is trying to make another group the enemy. Propaganda makes it easier for an evil group to get rid of the competition. To make it seem more convicting leader of the propaganda would use anything to convince others that they should all band together and get rid of the group that is trying to harm them. An example of this would be the Rwandan RTLM radio Propaganda. The RTLM radio station was the route to all the genocide that was committed by the Hutu against the Tutsi. RTLM is the propaganda that caused the genocide. For instances, RTLM stated in their transcripts or broadcast that "you have to kill the Tutsis, they're cockroaches." "All those who are listening, rise so we can fight for our Rwanda. Fight with the weapons you have at your disposal: those who have arrows, with arrows, those who have spears, with spears. We must all fight. “We must all fight the Tutsis. We must finish with them, exterminate them, sweep them from the whole country. There must be no refuge for them. ‘They must be exterminated. There is no other way." As you can see clearly examine from this quote RTLM clearly had hatred towards the Tutsi. In order articles, I have read they called the Tutsi cockroaches and just like any pest needs to be eliminated. However, from reading several articles such as...
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...Everyday Uses of Propaganda Techniques Caitlin Matthew 27483147 February 19, 2016 Coms 361 Propaganda has been associated with both the terms technique and phenomenon, and it’s been questioned as to which term it best meets. The Webster dictionary defines phenomenon as “something (such as an interesting fact or event) that can be observed and studied and that typically is unusual or difficult to understand or explain fully”, and technique is defined as “a way of doing something by using special knowledge or skill”. I believe that propaganda as a whole is always a technique, the technique of trying to convince people of certain messages and ideas, and only in particular propaganda messages, not in all circumstances, are they subject to being a phenomenon, which is why propaganda, in its entirety, cannot be called a phenomenon, and this essay will argue why this is true. Propaganda is a technique, ancient, well known and studied; employed in all politics, religions, ideologies, and of course in every sales method known to man. “Propaganda is itself a technique, resulting partly from the application of the social sciences, including psychology, to technology. It is a technique used to promote acceptance of other techniques” (Marlin 2013, 23). There are multiple different forms of technique that propaganda uses, such as emotional appeals which aim at getting an emotional attachment out of the individual, or such as the use of morally evaluative language, which uses words...
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...Themes in the Course 2 Week 2- Theoretical Approaches to Media, Culture and Chinese Society 3 Outline of Class 3 State and Market Framework 4 Negotiable State market Framework 4 Political Economy Approach 5 Presentation 5 WEEK 3- Media Systems and the Party State (Mao-Reform Era) 6 Anti-capitalistic and anti-imperialistic revolution (1921-1949) 6 Legitimacy 7 Maoist Socialist Practice (1949-1976) 7 Deng (1978-1992) 8 Jiang Zemin’s era- 1992-2002 10 Market Economy and Scientific Outlook on Development (2002-2012) 11 The 5th Generation 2012-2022 11 WEEK 4 11 The Shifting Role of the media: Between the party line and the bottom line 11 Focus on the Bottom line 12 State Control 12 “Popular Culture” in the context of China in post-Mao market reform era 13 The Chinese state (The Party-state) 14 The media-government/state relationship 14 The Media System and Media-State Relationship 15 Maoism/Mao Zedong Thoughts 16 Week 4- Commercial Media and Reconfigured Power Relations 16 The Party/State Structures 16 Different Party Committees 17 Ministries (under the state council) 17 Media System: 18 Central Media Outlets 18 Provincial Media Outlets 18 Universal Values: Two views 18 Week 5- Popular Culture and Cultural Industry 19 Mass Media and Popular Culture in Mao Era 19 Popular Culture 20 Popular Culture in the Mao Era 20 Broadcasting/Radio in Mao Era 20 Week 7- Media Culture in China’s Global Reintegration 21 Shifting...
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...The Nazis became Germany’s largest party by 1932 due to their excellent use of propaganda. How far do you agree with this view? Nazi propaganda was very successful due to two main reasons; it was simple and direct, and it appealed to the majority of Germans. Unlike the other parties, the Nazi’s didn’t appeal to just one type of political group. One of the clearest signs of this is in their name, the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party, appealing to the spectrum of political opinions. Many political parties fail at this because it is quite difficult to please everyone as many of the policies clash, but due to certain events, the Nazis succeeded in this. Their propaganda was important, especially during the Great Depression, when the German people were eager to listen to anyone who showed they could bring prosperity back to their nation. Propaganda included media devices such as cinema and theatre, as well as posters and street slogans to ensure people were aware of Adolf Hitler’s message that he was able to restore Germany to the world power they once were. Nazi propaganda was lead by Josef Goebbels. However, there were many other factors that contributed to the Nazi party domination in the Reichstag. Between 1924 and 1929, the Nazi party was losing votes, from a miserable 7% in 1924 to a pathetic 2.6% in 1928. The main reasons for this were that Germany was engaging in a period of prosperity, economically, politically and socially. American banks were loaning millions...
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...and Asian Studies at Cornell University first created the term “imagined community”. Originally, the phrase was mostly used when referring to nationalism, but now it can be used to describe any group of people who share a common passion or interest. There are several different types of information that newspapers distribute; therefore, there are many kinds of imagined communities that they have created in the past and have the potential to construct in the future. By definition according to Anderson, a nation is “an imagined political community”—a widespread consciousness shared by its members who may never come into contact with one another. Consequently, the first way newspapers built an imagined community was by sparking the emergence of a national identity amongst American citizens. Alexander Ziegler conducts a study on the involvement of newspapers in the development of an American national identity in which he states: “The hypothesis of this study is that colonial newspapers, the primary media for mass communication, must show some evidence of the emergence of American national identity.” Furthermore, waking up each morning and knowing that everyone else was reading about the same news that they were gave many Americans a sense of belonging in their communities. Anderson uses the example of the daily ritual...
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...investigate fear through the trade of hostages, served as a catalyst for terrorist actions to be involved on an international scale. Through the immense media generated from the terrorist attack as well as the new form of approach as Zehdi Habib stated the “hijacking aroused the consciousness of the world and awakened the media and world opinion much more- and more efficiently…” The 1968 redefinition of a legitimate target and the implementation of their objectives beyond their frontiers could be seen as “the advent of what is considered Modern international terrorism” as depicted by Hoffman. However other significant terrorist groups did massively contribute to the development of terrorism such as Anarchist through the adoption of the principle “propaganda by deeds” in carrying out their terrorist acts in the mid-80s, the IRA which made excellent use of martyrdom to attract foreign aid and generate diaspora support, likewise the suffragette movement. Nevertheless the 1968 hijacking targets of civilians was a significant turning point in the nature of terrorism. The success of propaganda by deeds in awakening popular consciousness was well use by the anarchist who demonstrated their needs in a more physical manner which was perfect in raising awareness in people. That which wasn’t effective through written or oral propaganda. The anarchist movement advocated for a...
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...MEDIA EFFECTS AND PROPAGANDA October 30th 1938 was one of the most important dates in the history of mass media and its impact on society. Produced by Orson Welles, the radio broadcast of ???War of the Worlds??? created nationwide panic and thus allowed anyone to see the social effects that were made possible by the media. Interestingly, while panic was observed during the broadcast, some people were still able to remain calm and collected. Two years later, this led physiologists Hadley Cantril, Hazel Gaudet, and Herta Herzog to study the phenomenon where some people seemed more susceptible to the effects of the radio broadcast as compared to others. What they found out was that those who were not frightened were not suggestible because they displayed what psychologists called a ???critical faculty??? (pg. 589). The lack of critical faculty was the lack of the ability to create a framework in which to check if the information were true. People who lacked critical faculty included those in the lower income bracket or educational level, as they would have considerably limited sources of information to refer to (pg. 582). Radio was the most accessible media for them and would be a reason why they seemed to exhibit the most panic. The psychologists behind this paper could be likened to early communication researchers who delved into the mind in order to better understand ones behaviors. They performed standard research methodology including interviewing 135 persons as their sample...
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...Propaganda in Nazi Germany The Nazi party emerged in the late 20s and early 30s, led by a charismatic right wing leader, Hitler led the Nazis to power as the Nazis offered many ideals that were attractive to the German people who were ready to accept any help after the disaster the Treaty of Versailles and Weimar Republic brought onto them. By 1932 the Nazis had around 200 seats in the Reichstag (parliament) and their power kept on growing until Hitler was appointed as Chancellor of German in 1933 giving him and the Nazis virtually complete control over Germany as Germany became a single party state, meaning that the Nazis had no opposing parties that could challenge their power. The Nazi’s strong grip over Germany was a product of their vigorous and effective use of propaganda that was able to alter the opinions of the German public and eliminating any potential threat to their power. Hitler was very concerned with propaganda; he made sure every citizens was exposed to it from children to the workers. He even hired individuals to take care of these matters such as Joseph Goebbels who was Minister for “enlightenment” and propaganda, Goebbels was a fanatic of Hitler believing he was the “savior” of Germany, the book describes Goebbels saying “Goebbels constantly kept his finger on the pulse of public opinion and decided what the German public should and should not hear” though the book might not be very reliable as it is a western book who may hold very exaggerated views on...
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