...2 Issue 10 ISSN: 2278 – 0211 (Online) The Effect Of Domestic Violence Films On The Youth: An Excursion Of Media Violence Theories and Persuasion Theories Dr. Ajilore Head Of Department, Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Ojo Titiloye Oyeyinka Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication, Tai Solarin University Of Education, Ijagun ,Ogun, Nigeria Nwaolikpe Onyinyechi Nancy Department Of Mass Communication, Babcork University, Ilisan ,Ogun State, Nigeria Akinreti Qassim Olalere Head, Foreign Desk, Voice Of Nigeria And Part-Time Lecturer, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Odegbenle Lateef Department Of Broadcast Media, Nigerian Institute Of Journalism, Ogba, Lagos, Nigeria Goke Rauf Head, Mass Communication, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Jegede Omolayo Station Manager, Babcock University Radio Station And Lecturer, Department Of Mass Communication Babcock University, Ilisan,Ogun State, Nigeria Tsebee Asor Kenneth Department Of Mass Communication, Al Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Abstract: Several studies have been on the impact of media violence on aggressive and violent behavior. Researches on effect of media violence have proved that heavy exposure in films, videos, televisions and movies can increase the risk of behaving violently. This paper is an escursion of selected media violence theories -social learning theory, catharsis theory and cultivation theory, and Persuasion...
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...Social Media has become one of the most popular forms of communication by making it easy for people to access the personal opinions, facts, and events of millions. “Social Media is a form of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and micro blogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos).”(Merriam-Webster, 2013) Social media has a negative effect on peoples learning by causing depression, violence, and a false sense of connection. This new popular form of communication can have devastating effects. Social media can cause many to become depressed for various reasons. “It's estimated that nearly 400 million people worldwide belong to either Facebook or MySpace but doctors are now finding social Websites can lead to depression. With both MySpace and Facebook, you have to request friends and then wait to be accepted. Normally, you get an email; but if it doesn't come, you can feel alone.” One individual may have 5,000 friends and another may have 40, this can cause depression even though what seems real is actually not. (Smith, 2013) Children and adults are learning more and more from what they see via social media, whether it is a video, blog, or a simple status update and the way an individual perceives this can cause depression. Violence can also arouse from social media as well. “Two years ago, two friends at a Philadelphia high school turned on each other and began a...
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...Mass media is easily accessible to Australian teenagers as it is available in many forms. The most obvious mode is television but includes radio, internet, video games, movies and printed media. Australian mass media plays an important role in modern Australian society, especially in the lives of teenagers. Mass media has a detrimental effect on teenage lives for several reasons. The first being that it encourages young people to emulate behaviours of individuals that could be dangerous or illegal. Furthermore inactive television viewing contributes to the increase of childhood obesity, while violence in the media is another ever-growing factor. If this is not bad enough, our media also serves to sexualise children. These factors are reasons...
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...Media Violence and Violent Video Games: The Cause for Aggression – Yes or No? Kimberly Fitzgerald-Amend PSYC3520-Introduction to Social Psychology u10a1-Opposing Viewpoints in Social Psychology Capella University March 2013 Abstract Everyone, at one point or another, may display aggressive behavior. Where did this behavior come from? This paper will discuss opposing viewpoints on the role of media violence and video games in the development of aggressive behavior. Included herein will be a brief overview of Albert Bandura’s “Social Learning Theory”; a discussion of media violence and violent video games and their possible roles in the development of aggression; and the ethical viewpoints on violence in the media. This paper will conclude with an overview of all presented information. Media Violence and Violent Video Games: The Cause for Aggression – Yes or No? It is a beautiful, sunny summer afternoon and spending a few hours at the park seems like a great way to enjoy it. However, only a few minutes into it, Tommy pushes Sara off the swing and now going to the park does not seem to have been the best choice. Why did Tommy do this? What causes children to act aggressively? Is it because shortly before coming to the park Tommy played a violent video game; or maybe on his way out he passed through the room where his father was watching a breaking news story about a murder victim? The role the media and/or violent video games play in the development of...
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...Ethics in Media Violence Tatiana Y Craft Social Psychology Opposing View Points in Social Psychology Capella University September, 2013 Introduction There are always been violence in our world from ancient times when cavemen fought with tribes who came into their domain, the crusades in the 11-13 centuries, to the Iraq war in current days. At what point do we decide what violence is and is not, at what point do we decide what is better for our children to see, violence on television or video games and movies. We see in the news all the time reports about children shooting up schools, like Columbine, and Sandy Brook elementary. In both cases the media and video games were to blame for these tragedies, people have always been tied in their thoughts about why these things happen. At what point do we take responsibility for the way we raise our children? And at what point do we stop the media from depicting horrible images that may cause harm to our children? The Studies on Violence Several theoretical models describe the psychological mechanisms through which media violence can influence later behavior. Fundamentally, the psychological process all rely on learning. With repeated exposure to media violence, one can guess that one will be more aggressive. Many studies have been done the effects of media violence and videos games on the young human mind. Most of the studies done show that after time of playing violent video games many children’s aggressive...
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...cockfights were replaced with media violence. This has been a raising concept since the invention of television and introduction of the video games. This essay will discuss the validity of the claim that media violence causes aggressive behavior on the juvenile audience. The paper will firstly show the correlation studies and experimental studies about media violence and its influence on children. It will then move to other reasons which causes the aggressive behavior. Finally, this essay will also examine the influence of aggressive video games on players. Children found a new environment of amusement after the television came on the scene. They were exposed to large number of new programs. Even if there was a potential peril to juveniles, people were not aware of what sorts of programs or what quantities of it were dangerous. At that time there was not enough proof that violence programs was the cause of aggression (Carter& Strickland, 1993). Thus, the researchers began to conduct various kinds of research and studies to prove the correlation between the media violence and the aggressive behavior among juveniles. The early correlations studies found that there were some differences between the viewers and non viewer’s outlook. Those differences did not exist before the television was introduced to the market. In addition, the findings showed that there was an influence of television on the way how children though, especially about jobs, social surroundings and success (Asamen...
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...people think differently when someone mentions media violence. In addition to the differing opinions where media violence is concerned, there may also be little consensus when the topic of aggressive behavior comes up, especially when referring to preschool-aged children. Imaginably, if there is such variance of opinion on these two topics, there must also be even more discrepancy on the cause of physical and social aggression in very young children, and whether or not early exposure to media violence is a predictor of aggression in early childhood. Many studies have linked early exposure to aggression based on the fact that young children identify with same-sex characters, find what they are viewing acceptable, and believe what they are viewing is real. The question is, can specific child-targeted media be identified as having a causal effect toward physical and social aggression? That is what this research proposal aims to do. II. Statement of Purpose A. The purpose of this research is to determine whether specific, child-targeted television shows have a causal effect toward acted-out aggression in physical and social play. III. Rationale for conducting the study A. Many studies have been conducted to discover the effect of media violence on the behavior of young children. This study will point out specific, child-targeted, popular media and record subsequent behaviors before and after viewing such media. This research should be of interest to many...
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...Do Violent Video Games Lead to Real World Violence? ABSTRACT As our society becomes more reliant on technology and the mass media, the notion that the media may have a profound influence on people has become more prevalent. Research into Media Violence and its effects on values, beliefs and behaviour has been well documented over the past 50 years. This systematic review, looking at both research reports and other relevant literature relating to the topic explores whether or not violent video games lead to real world violence. This topic has been selected due to the unique participatory nature of this type of media. The review demonstrates the inconclusive nature of the research on this topic. It focuses on the short term and long term effects possible while also investigating the need to consider alternate explanations to violent behaviour in children and youth. The review concludes with suggestions for further research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Children spend an increasing amount of time playing video games with the majority of them violent in nature (Huesmann, 2007). Players participate in and create the violence, often receiving reward for their violent behaviors rather than negative consequences (Funk, Baldacci, Pasold & Baumgardner, 2004). The area of violent video games in regards to Media Violence is relatively new with somewhat limited research as video games have only been available to the general population since the 1980s. It is however in...
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...Violent media’s effects on youths According to Smith and Wilson (Smith., 1997; Wilson., 1997), the National Television Violence Study, a three-year assessment of more than 3000 programs a year, found out that “60 percent of programs across twenty-six channels contain some physical aggressions”. Some points of view believe that there are connections between media violence and violent behaviour. However, other people don’t think so. This essay will argue that violence in the media is one of the main causes of increasing violent behaviour among youths because children learn behaviours from the media, youth who watch violent TV programs become more aggressive and they show less sympathy for other people. First of all, children may learn violent behaviours via media. According to Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), children learn ideas, values, emotions and even behaviours by observing others in their social environment. They tend to imitate observed behaviours that are rewarded than those that are punished. For example, they are more likely to mimic hero characters in the movies or games that usually use violence to solve the problems. These characters always get rewarded for their actions. This kind of scenario has become too common and Rowell Huesmann (1986) stated that children might learn from it and develop it into a script, a solution for every problem. Furthermore, there are researches that show children can imitate and reproduce the violent actions for eight months...
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...depicting violence on television with reference to effects theory As the development of economy and technology, there are many diverse forms of media in the digitized twenty-first century, including TV, radio, newspapers, and the Internet. Especially the television plays such a significant role in the lives of modern citizens nowadays. However, it may cause some negative aspects such as the television violence because children who watch violent television shows are more likely to commit crimes than those who do not (Marc, 2001). In this essay it will attempt to bring these claims into perspective and discuss critically that the consequences of depicting violence on television with reference to effects theory. The structure of the paper is as follows.How television violence affects children will be firstly presented according to the hypodermic needle theory. Subsequently, it will illustrate the impacts of depicting violence on TV by uses and gratifications theory and media cultivations theory under the conditions of media content and audience variables. Firstly, it is generally believed that television violence can result in the real violence and aggressive behaviour (Mcquail, 2005).Through statistic analysis, children can spend more time watching television which can reach twenty five hours per week than other activities (Violence on prime time broadcast TV 2001). Besides, a large number of violent programs are showed in television nowadays (Children and TV violence 2011)....
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...Spring 2003 TV Violence Since the advent of television, the effect of TV violence on society has been widely studied and vigorously debated. Based on the cumulative evidence of studies conducted over several decades, the scientific and public health communities overwhelmingly conclude that viewing violence poses a harmful risk to children. Critics of the research challenge this conclusion and dispute claims that exposure to TV violence leads to real-life aggression. As we move into the digital era with enhanced images and sound, media violence will undoubtedly continue to be a focus of public concern and scientific research. Prevalence of Violence on TV The National Television Violence Study is the largest content analysis undertaken to date. It analyzed programming over three consecutive TV seasons from 1994 to 1997.1 Among the findings: • Nearly 2 out of 3 TV programs contained some violence,2 averaging about 6 violent acts per hour.3 • Fewer than 5% of these programs featured an anti-violence theme or prosocial message emphasizing alternatives to or consequences of violence.4 • Violence was found to be more prevalent in children’s programming (69%) than in other types of programming (57%). In a typical hour of programming, children’s shows featured more than twice as many violent incidents (14) than other types of programming (6).5 • The average child who watches 2 hours of cartoons a day may see nearly 10,000 violent incidents each year, of which the researchers estimate...
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...Violence in Media As young adults, we experience the exposure of violence in all mediums of communication, such as TV shows, movies, video games, and music lyrics. We may have stopped counting how many crime investigation shows are in primetime or how many ways of killing people are in the Saw series. We just keep consuming those materials and even look for more violence as excitement. As we become so obsessed with the genre, we may have forgotten the importance of awareness to the issue. Statistics give us a better idea about the big picture. According to Media Education Foundation, researches indicate that about 89 percent of the top-selling video games contained violent content, almost half of which was of a serious nature. Two-thirds of Hollywood films released in 2001 were rated “R.” (Media Violence Facts, 2005) In September 2000, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) reported that 80 percent of “R” rated movies, 70 percent of restricted video games, and 100 percent of music with “explicit content” warning labels were being marketed to children under 17. With this amount of exposure, researchers estimated that by the time the average child is eighteen years old, they will have witnessed 200,000 acts of violence and 16,000 murders. (TV-Turnoff Network, 2001) Those numbers reminds us to think about the issue. Is it too much? What effect does it have on our life, especially for children and adolescents? As we are still looking for the correct answers, multiple cases have showed...
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...21, 2014 Violence in American Society Crime and violence have been a part of American society since America was founded. Public awareness of crime, violence, domestic abuse, child abuse, and gangs has increased dramatically because of the role media fills. We are bombarded daily with reports on television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet with the fact that we are all vulnerable to acts of violence. “Tahlequah Man Jailed for Attempted Stabbings.” (Newton, 2A) “Jury Finds Tulsa Man Guilty in Connection with 2012 Homicide, Robbery.” (Vincent, Crimewatch) These are just two of the articles in one day’s newspaper in a very small area of America. Why are the papers reporting so much violence? Violence exists in America. Is media reporting causing the violence? What is the effect of that violence on American Society? How can we reduce violence? Many causes of violence have been reported and studied so it cannot be said that the media is entirely to blame but many studies show that viewing the violence that is reported is definitely one of the causes of violence. According to a study by Bruce, Clark and Maria Glymour published in American Science, there is a causal connection between exposure to television violence and adult aggression. They do not limit the connection to fiction on television but also include news reporting. This study strongly suggests that the very media reporting of the violence is one of the major causes of the violence. (132) Media violence researchers...
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...shooting, I found the topic of the media scapegoating Asperger Syndrome as a main factor in school violence relevant to our class. As school violence has grown in the past twenty-five years, the media has similarly sensationalized the many killers, often times looking to diagnose them with some sort of mental illness instead of digging deeper into the environment of the individuals who commit these acts of violence. In particular, I am interested in examining the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, as well as the UC-Santa Barbara shooting. What I am particularly interested in learning more about is the media’s reaction to these two shootings in conjunction, as one was done at an elementary school with children ages 5-11, whereas the other was done on a college campus. This interests me because Asperger Syndrome is a social disorder, and the social scene of an elementary school is quite different from the social scene of a university. By providing statistical data, victim and killer testimonials, and historical data, I will make the main claim that the media has sensationalized school shootings and too often jumped to the conclusion that Asperger Syndrome is to blame, instead of investigating the environment surrounding the killer. Moreover, I look to prove the point that the media is, instead, a large enabler of these violent activities, for ever since the rise of mass coverage of school shootings, there has been a significant spike in violence at educational institutions...
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...Effects of Visual Media Your Name HUM/176 June 2, 2013 Instructor’s Name Effects of Visual Media As film technology has advanced through the years of development to the media outlet it is today, films have shaped culture and attitudes through stories and other content. As more movies are produced, views and values of society continue to alter based on the images portrayed. These changes in society occur because moviegoers absorb the styles and attitudes of idolized characters from films. For example, in the late 1960s, several movies were released depicting rebellion and violence. Movies such as “The Wild Bunch” and “Bonnie and Clyde” let to more liberal attitudes toward social order as well as an acceptance of violence and sex on-screen (Lule, 2012). More films were produced to specifically shape the viewpoints of the audience once filmmakers took notice. The movie “Super-Size Me” is one example of a movie produced specifically to alter perceptions of society. Television provided a source of at home visual entertainment beginning in the 1950s. Initially, television was a family oriented activity with programming such as “Leave it to Beaver” featuring white families living in suburban communities with a focus on issues of family life but not on issues of society. These types of shows depicted the ideals of the time. As society events began to create stress in everyday lives during the 1960s, shows like “Bewitched” provided a world of fantasy and escape, but still...
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