...Everybody lies at least once in their life. It could be a stranger walking past you to a person that you are close to or fond of. And it could be a big, complex lie or a small, short lie. People can lie anywhere and everywhere. From a private secluded area to a public spacious environment. I admit that I lie many times in my life on multiple occasions. In the article “The Ways We Lie ” by Stephanie Ericsson, the author points out that lies are harmful. First, the author lists various types of lies that people use every day. Second, the author gives examples of each type of lie. Lastly, the author conveys the negative effects about lying to people. I strongly disagree with the author's statement; lying is not always detrimental to others because...
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...The author of “the Ways We Lie” Stephanie Ericsson starts with a personal experience of lying to get out of a late fee, not lose a client for being late, comfort her husband who she could tell could have a bad day. A week without even telling a small white lie seems very unlikely she explains through telling us the consequences of telling the whole complete truth. There are many lies this includes a white lie, facades, ignoring the plain facts, deflecting, omission, stereotypes, clichés, groupthink, out-and-out lies, Dismissal, and Delusion. Starting off with a white lie – an assumption that the truth may hurt the person more than the slightly fibbed statement, Facades – is based on the front a person puts up (maybe based on talk versus action)....
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...are five main reasons as to why people lie; personal gain, to avoid punishment, to make good impressions on other people, to protect themselves, and for social relationships. Normally, humans are strongly against lying, but have done it in different ways that our society has allowed for centuries and centuries. Exposing lies are crucial when it can cost a life, a job, or even a broken family which is...
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...Society www.bpsjournals.co.uk The truth about lies: What works in detecting high-stakes deception? Stephen Porter* and Leanne ten Brinke University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada In this paper, we provide our view of the current understanding of high-stakes lies often occurring in forensic contexts. We underscore the importance of avoiding widespread pitfalls of deception detection and challenging prevailing assumptions concerning strategies for catching liars. The promise and limitations of each of non-verbal/body language, facial, verbal/linguistic, and physiological channels in detecting deception are discussed. In observing the absence of a single cue or behavioural channel that consistently reveals deception, a holistic approach with concurrent attention to multiple channels of a target’s behaviour (ideally videotaped for review) and changes from baseline behaviour is recommended whenever possible. Among the best-validated cues to be considered together include: illustrators, blink and pause rate, speech rate, vague descriptions, repeated details, contextual embedding, reproduction of conversations, and emotional ‘leakage’ in the face. While advocating a reliance on empirical evidence, we observe that few studies of high-stakes deception yet have been conducted. Further, some manifestations of lying are highly idiosyncratic and difficult to address in quantitative research, pointing to the need for keen observation skills...
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...Martha McCaskey. As McCaskey we in no way have promised to come through on the proprietary information which Devon can provide to the Silicon 6 project, however Malone has made it impossible for the information to not be given. Our decision to leave the Industry Analysis Division is “based on the value judgments of purpose, or what we feel to be truly important in life” (Hosmer, p. 12). To make the decision to lie to Devon and request proprietary information is something which we know to be against not only the law, but our morals and judgment. In making our decision we first looked at how we would morally feel about lying to an individual, none of us felt this to be proper in a business context. However, knowing this to be something common to Martha’s profession we knew that if we were in her position we may need to bend the truth at times. However, what solidifies our decision to not interview further Devon and to ultimately leave the Industrial Analysis Division is that in getting the proprietary information we would break the law. Breaking the law to Hosmer would be going against a set of rules which have been established by society to govern our behavior in order to maintain a standard of rightness and to “guide to moral choice” (Hosmer, p. 59). By us not doing the interview for the proprietary information and by leaving the company we serve as advocates for the law and help to maintain a “minimum set of standards” (Hosmer, p. 62) which we believe is just and will not...
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...their idea of the good life and how should we attain it, what happiness really constitutes of and how could we be happy in a world full of temptations or aspects that only disregard us from being happy. Kantianism and Utilitarianism are two significant theories that try to answer such questions. They both give their own interpretations about the means of why we’re here. Although these two are entirely different from each other, to a certain extent they do have some similarities. Kantianism negates the significance of any personal relationships. The Kantian treats others like he would expect them to treat him. The one universal way to act should carry from one to another regardless of your personal relationship to that person. Similarly, Utilitarianism is a relatively straight-forward analysis where the calculation is indefferent to persons and relationships. Using this system to examine what action is appropriate , everyone is on equal footing. But from this point, they both start to differ apart. Utilitarianism, supported by Bentham and Mill, is based on examining the consequences of any act with the merits of an act being determined by the maxim - the greatest good for the greatness number. Thus, determining whether or not one should tell a lie depends on the consequences. Suppose I’m a doctor who have just examined a patient who did not know yet that he has an incurable terminal illness. If I follow utilitarianism, I will lie about his situation, knowing that the truth...
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...be considered as key drivers of profitability. However, a huge amount of variation existed with manager and crew tenure. Also the stores in the sample appeared to be widely geographically disbursed, complicating site-location factors. An opinion was to be formed as to whether increasing wages, implementing a bonus program, instituting new training programs, or developing a career development program would be the best course of action. Analysis (A) REGRESSION OF PROFITABILITY WITH MANAGER & CREW TENURE Inference: Let the regression equation be represented by , where y and x are the variables, a is the y-axis intercept. The R square statistic has a value 0.41 which signifies less than half the points fit the regression line. Now we represent the NULL HYPOTHESIS as H0(b=0) and ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS as Ha(b≠0). The p-statistic value corresponding to the Mtenure is 0.009 which is within a significance level of 0.05 so the null hypothesis can be accepted and the regression result is significant. However, Ctenure’s p-value 0.809 does not lie within significance of 0.05 so the alternate hypothesis holds and the regression result is insignificant. Hence, a strong relationship exists only between profits and Mtenure....
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...defines it in a way everyone could agree on. The Oxford Dictionary defines “truth” as “the quality or state of being true” which is vague to begin with. The same dictionary has fourteen different definitions of the word “true”. Even one of the most prestigious sources of references for the English language has a hard time defining truth. This is an important thing to consider before I share my definition of the truth as it relates to advertising because I recognize that it is limited by my own narrow perspective. I hope that as I work in advertising and face more ethical dilemmas, my definition of truth expands and evolves. On the most extreme side is the belief that truth is the undeniable facts....
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...done some research on articles about lies, and it changes my perception about lying. I found an interesting blog about “Categories of Lies - White Lies, Grey Lies, and Black Lies”, Truth Lies Deception and Coverups Blogger 2015 (TLDCB). So what is the definition of a lie? According to BBC – Ethic Guide, “lying is a form of deception, but not all forms of deception are lies.” I agree with this definition, not all forms of deception are lies, and all lies are not the same. To me, sometimes lying is appropriate and necessary in some circumstances. However, to have a better judgment of information receiving every day, we should constantly be concerned with all of our communication. The article I’ve read about categories of lies clearly defines “the major distinguishing factors between the major categories of lies are intent, consequence, and public acceptability”. I reckon those are undeniably correct. Before going to details of the analysis, from the article, we will look at the classification system of lying. There are two types of lies: lies of commission and lies of omission. And there are three categories of lies: white lies, grey lies and black lies. As stated in the article a lie has three main features: “A lie communicates or hides information. The liar knows the truth. The liar intends to deceive in order to influence the audience to believe something that is not true - so that subsequent...
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...DEBATE ANALYSIS: The act of lying (Ashken, Yefery, Leslie, Martha, and Randy) When asked about whether or not the act of lying is considered to be acceptable in some cases and the need to always tell the truth is the right thing to do, all sorts of arguments will appear and will create an attention-grabbing combination or exchange of different ideas and perceptions about what is right or wrong. This discussion of ideas if done in an organized way will provide an audience with an increased understanding of different and intricate issues and will help to identify which arguments are better and well-supported than others. This formal discussion of ideas took place few days ago in our Critical Thinking class. The topic was “a young brother is always telling lies. What is your response? Is it necessary to tell the truth always?” On one side were my classmates Ashken, Yefery, and Randy who believe lying is alright as long as its outcomes are positive and beneficial. On the other hand, there were Martha and Leslie who believe lying is unconstructive and can become very a negative habit. Both sides seemed to believe in what they were saying and looked convincing and well-informed, however when discussing complex topics such as the morality of lying or the justification for it, subjective arguments tend to prevail over objectives ones. For instance, Ahsken presented a good persuasive argument full of examples and questions that made us think about the benefits...
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...the mind over pleasures of the body. The term “happiness” seems to capture this broadened sense best, and Utilitarian philosophers sometimes call their principle the “greatest happiness principle.” To apply correctly the utilitarian approach, one should avoid several possible misunderstandings of the utilitarian principle. First, the principle does not refer to that action which produces the most utility for the person performing that action; rather, an action is right if it produces the most utility for all persons affected by the action (including the person performing the action). Nor does the utilitarian principle say that an action is right so long as its benefits outweigh its costs. Rather, utilitarianism holds that, in the final analysis, only one action is right: that one action whose net benefits are greatest by comparison to the net benefits of all other possible alternatives. Finally, the utilitarian principle does not require us to consider only the direct and immediate consequences of our actions. Instead, both the immediate and...
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...The Mistake Were Made (but not by me) is written by social psychologists, Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson. The book demonstrated into big mistake that people make and refuse to admit, unable to recognize own mistakes and “cognitive dissonance”, hard reality and confirmation bias. Also, he elaborated deep into when we have a difficult time integrating two conflicting beliefs such as “ I am a great person” and “ I messed up “cognitive dissonance The author support his facts with experiences on people and evidences. And also author explains about self-justification has cost and benefit, and puzzling human behaviors such as why do people do the thing they do? The most striking thing about Mistake were made but not by me are follows: ★ Why We...
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...of the outstanding English authors of his time. His Time Plays brought him world fame. He was the first one who used time tricks and flashback in his works, which made the break in the means of development of the character. Characters of his plays appear in a new light before our eyes, and the time trick allows us to see them in a new, deeper level. The extract under analysis is taken from the play “Dangerous corner”. According to its title we can guess that the play describes some dangerous situation, it implies that “dangerous corner” is a dead end, a difficult situation, which has no way out, like “to be in a tight corner”. However, to my mind there can be one more interpretation of the title: “corner” – like a turning point in one’s life – some people have courage to turn around it, to face all the difficulties and danger and cope with them, but others haven’t, they are afraid to lose their illusions, to lose the aim of the life. So we can see that the play deals with mental topic. The situation described in the play deals with the state of affairs in the family of Caplans. From the beginning of the extract we can see the development of two sub-plots: wireless play, and the situation on the foreground, which are mixed. The wireless play is called “The Sleeping Dog”. As the characters explain, the sleeping dog is the truth, which you shouldn’t disturb. But not all characters agree with this statement. Robert Caplan starts investigating the trifling facts about his brother’s...
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...Kate Bordley Writing and Inquiry Cole 6 December 2012 While watching a movie, we often don’t tend to observe some of the deeper meanings that are hidden within the use of themes and symbols. A movie that I saw for the first time, V For Vendetta, blew my mind when I started analyzing it deeper. The movie is based around the idea of social change and revolution. The main character, V, can only be considered a ‘terrorist’ despite the well meaning he has behind his actions. This movie has fans in great numbers due to our ability to relate with V. His charisma shows through making him seemingly charming and dramatic. The movie is a symbol of rebellion, the possibility of a simple idea changing the world. As I watched the movie, a theme of terrorism seemed to arise. V is made to be likable yet he is doing anti government actions and behaving in a way that we would usually be more resilient against and brutal towards. The idea that V is fighting against an all-controlling government helps us accept that V is technically a good guy, fighting for freedom like the United States. Another common theme throughout the film is lies and deception. The government shields the truth from the public, even though they know it couldn’t possibly be true. For example, when they lie about the blowing up of the statue in the beginning. The government continues to lie about the state of danger the country is in by showing inaccurate news reports of officers shooting their own peers who happened...
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...The story under analysis is the excerpt from the novel “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee, that’s why it has not a special title. The title of the whole book is thought-provoking and idiomatic; it makes the reader wonder what a Mockingbird is and who is supposed to kill it. The subject matter of the story is racial discrimination, corruption of the court system in the American world of prejudice. This extract depicts a trial of Tom Robinson, a Negro, who is in the criminal dock on a capital charge of assaulting a white girl. His defending counsel Atticus Finch is an experienced lawyer and progressive minded man. It is the Atticus’s speech to the jury that takes the best part of the text, so as far as contextual style is concerned; it presents a vivid example of oratorical style. Thus the main part of the text presents the main character’s monologue with bits of the story-teller’s commentary and dialogues. As for the type of narration, it is the first person narration the story-teller being the observer of the events. It is chosen to convey the atmosphere of the court-room. The story is told by the Atticus’s daughter, Jean Louise, and her description makes the story more convincing, vivid, real and emotional. Now I would like to dwell upon the compositional analysis of the text. The story has neither introduction nor conclusion. It can be explained that the text is only an extract from the novel, so there are big parts of the novel which both precede and follow the given...
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