...Tobacco Industry Professor Swinney BUS 309 Strayer University January 25, 2015 Abstract For one to be an advocate for the consumer dealing with the tobacco industry, one must have witnessed certain characteristics of both sides. An advocate must be able to see why the consumer feel that nicotine and tobacco are or are not essential to his or her day-to-day life. From my experience, my children’s biological father was a chronic smoker and later developed mental sickness. Nicotine had a psychotic effect on our relationship. In May 1992, he was diagnosed with mental illness. After being hospitalized for six months, he then realized he had a serious addiction. That nicotine addiction made me realize the validity of his illness and the consequences he would endure. A tobacco and nicotine addiction has the same effect as one with alcohol addiction. Smokers would say, “I can quit anytime,” and other smokers would say, “oh, I only smoke just to calm my nerves." When one knows that he or she has a problem, only that time can one fix it. Tobacco Industry In the world today, the tobacco industry is capitalizing on the consumers’ addiction. Consumers, having the right to purchase tobacco, the risk, of developing a life threating illness, such as lung cancer, seems of no concern to the industry. Meanwhile, non-smokers are very concerned about the risk of second-hand smoke and the effect it could have on their lives. This paper gives supporting insight on reasons for these and...
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...Sociology of Health Author’s Name Institution’s Affiliation Sociology of Health The social perspective in sociology of health explains the society's view concerning health. It is a discipline that describes an illness using social factors present in daily activities of life. Sociologists show how wellness and disease, the treatment and explanation of illness production in a social organization can be understood differently from a medical perspective of nature, biology, and lifestyle in an attempt of explaining sickness (Bahar, 2013). It is a significant facet of interpreting biological information that shows the creation of health and disease in a political, social, and cultural environment. In describing various social phenomena, sociologists examine how social life impacts morbidity and mortality rates and how it alternatively influences the society. Medical sociology uses sociological theory to explain the relationship between social factors and health to define this issue and its systems (Amzat & Razum, 2014). Amzat and Razum (2014) demonstrate that it tends to separate nature from the community. It means that it illustrates how scientific knowledge mediates social relations. Moreover, medical sociology shows how the technical realm of medical practice is inconsistent with social processes in nature. It is a claim of understanding constructivism through an objective in natural science. Various studies identify the inconsistencies between current medical practice...
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...Global poverty and inequality are problems that affect a large portion of the world’s population. In fact, over half of the world’s population has an income below America’s official poverty standard. To understand this massive gap, one must realize that global poverty is very different from U.S. domestic poverty. The United Nations set a goal to cut global poverty rates in half in 2015. In order for this to occur, nations must reduce extreme poverty through low-income nations having faster GDP growth. This gives greater priority to eliminating the structural, cultural, and legal “inequality traps” that both impede upward mobility for the poor and inhibit economic development. Due to the increasing views on global poverty, there has been a big push regarding ways to alleviate this problem. The main sources to alleviating global poverty are medical assistance, direct aid, education, family planning, and government reform. In society, there are many different effects when it comes to poverty and discrimination. To begin to understand how to alleviate the problem of global poverty, one must understand the effects of poverty and the impact of where one is brought up. Where you grow up and who you grow up around are two of the major elements of poverty and are known as neighborhood effects. The definition of neighborhood effect is the effect of the neighborhood you grew up in on your adult outcomes. One program that the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development came up with...
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...group of Hispanics in the United States. The Mexican American and Puerto Rican groups are the fastest growing group in such states as Utah, New York, Illinois, Texas, California, Arizona and Colorado. The Hispanic population continues to rise in the United States as more opportunities are given to them and this paper will introduce different challenges that these two Latino groups experienced in the United States. This paper will identify two of the largest growing Hispanic groups which consist of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans. In this research paper I will recognize who these two groups are, where they originated, why these two groups migrated to the United States, and also include the challenges that they face pertaining to work, health, education, family, and religion. Originated and Migration Mexican Americans are identified as Americans whose ancestors come from Mexico or in most cases move to the United States and become citizens of the U.S and adopt the lifestyle of Americans. Puerto Ricans are identified as descendants of a blended group of Europeans, Africans and/ or what is called Taíno People; who are identified as people that reside in the Bahamas. Both groups migrated to the U.S in different ways but both...
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...contrast two distributive justice theories. First this essay will demonstrate how Rawls’s theory will affect the society and its structure in terms of basic social institutions, wealth distribution and major economic limits and opportunities. Then, the essay will demonstrate the same for Nozick’s theory on distributive justice. I will then describe, in which society I would prefer to live in and why. In my understanding John Rawls bases his theory on the veil of ignorance. It’s an imaginative situation that puts all rational people together and lets them make decisions on the justice structure of society without being effected by power or any other influences coming from other people. Having that in mind, all people under the veil of ignorance make decisions with out knowing the results, what place they will take in society and what advantage or privilege that person would have. Based on this, Rawls states that all people will choose two basic but main principles. First is the principle of liberty and freedom. Under which all people have the same rights to the maximum freedom. And secondly Rawls states, that it’s ok to have inequality, as long as those who are better of will somehow benefit those who are least well of. This according to Rawls will minimize the maximum, allowing to “close the gap”. (Shaw, Barry, & Sansbury, 2009) This will be possible according to Rawls as all rational, self-interested people will seek to maximize the minimum to be better of. They do not want...
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...Health System of Pakistan Pakistan's health indicators, health funding, and health and sanitation infrastructure are generally poor, particularly in rural areas. About 19 percent of the population is malnourished—a higher rate than the 17 percent average for developing countries—and 30 percent of children under age five are malnourished. Leading causes of sickness and death include gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, congenital abnormalities, tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid fever. The United Nations estimates that in 2003 Pakistan's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rate was 0.1 percent among those 15–49, with an estimated 4,900 deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hepatitis B and C are also rampant with approximately 3 million cases of each in the country at the moment. According to official data, there are 127,859 doctors and 12,804 health facilities in the country to cater for over 170 million people. In 2007 there were 85 physicians for every 100,000 persons in Pakistan. Or in other words, one doctor for 1,225 people. In contrast to most countries, we a have a dearth of nurses and there are only 62,651 nurses all over the nation who are supplemented with a strong force of 96,000 Lady Health Workers (primary health care providers). According to the latest Ministry of Health Pakistan statistics, there were 13,937 health institutions in the country including 945 hospitals (with a total of 103,285 hospital beds), 4,755 dispensaries, 5,349...
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...Bisola Mary Bello SPEA –V 443: Social Class Assignment. August 11th 2014 3:21 AM. 1. Discuss and explain PEW’s definition of social class in America and how it pertains to income, society and culture. The definition of social class according to Pew research and based on the results of their survey is the stratification of individuals based on income, education level, financial satisfaction, occupation wealth and prestige. Based on those factors individuals are grouped into levels of socioeconomic class namely: upper class, upper-middle class, lower-middle class, and lower class. For the sake of their survey, Pew research grouped together the individuals in the lower-middle class and lower class into one group. Any observer of American society would quickly note that there are large variations in wealth, material possessions, power and authority, and prestige in our society. They would also note differences in access to education, healthcare and leisure. Income is one of the biggest measures or indicator of socioeconomic status. In the United States there is inequality in the distribution of income. Those in the upper class aka the elite represent the smallest percentage of the population yet they hold majority of the income. The opposite can be said for their friends at the end of the spectrum, they make us the largest part of the population and have the least amount of the income. According to Leonard Beeghley a household income of roughly $95,000 would be typical...
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...Stephen Gardiner, a British architect, once said, “The Industrial Revolution was another of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization.” In the early 1800’s, Europe began utilizing their natural resources, expanding economy, political stability, new technology, and growth from the agricultural revolution to aid in the modernization of their society. As various European nations and cities started to industrialize, the people started to experience changes such as, the hardships of poor health and working conditions, both the negative and positive outcomes of infrastructure, and an overall positive impact from the advancements of industrialization.The Industrial Revolution caused extremely miserable working conditions for...
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...pressure to scale back the countries having higher social security system. Resultantly, competitive pressures arising from globalization is slowly destroying the social security. However, if the situation prevails, social achievements of industrialized countries could be destroyed and their ability to generate income would become unfavorable (1). Sociology The study of social relationship of human in any aspect of life that is family, friends, religion, education, culture, values and etc. is called sociology. Sociology is an interesting field which analyses about every aspect of human life like matter of routine life, interaction of communities and social causes of gender identity, aging, religious faith, family conflict, poverty, wealth and social activities (Featherstone, 1990). While it also covers population growth, global peace and war...
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...called for improvement. One notable man in favor of improvement was Edwin Chadwick who, based on Jeremy Bentham’s idea of utilitarianism (the idea that people should move towards the “greatest good for the greatest number”), noticed that the sicknesses and the resulting deaths where probably one of the reasons for the horrible conditions. He suggested that the government take action and clean up the cities. Once the government stepped in the general public health improved dramatically. Certain intellectuals, such as chemist Louis Pasteur created the germ theory that said that diseases were spread through living organisms that they could control. New improved medical techniques appeared as well such as antiseptics that helped destroy deadly sickness like typhoid, typhus, and cholera leading to lower mortality rates. The society benefited greatly from these scientific advancements. What made things even better was the improvements in urban planning and new public transportation systems through electric street cars. While the gap between the rich and the poor endured,...
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...ABSTRACT: The term welfare brings a lot of controversy, for some, it implies that its recipients meaning “poor people” are getting a free ride getting public assistance. For others it is believed to be anti-work, anti-family. Nonetheless, regardless of how one’s felt about welfare, no one can argue that poverty is a social issue that has serious impact on society. Although poverty means different thing to different people, to some, poverty means the some members of society are lazy, not able to take personal responsibility. For others, it means that some members of society are not getting a fair share of the wealth distribution. The point that it remain is viewed as not having enough or lacking enough resource to provide for one’s needs. But many disagree on this definition, because some scholars in the field of sociology agree that poverty transcend money and wealth. Hutchinson (2003) eloquently posits that” poverty influences the ability of parents to adequately meet their children’s basic needs. Understanding human development requires an ecological approach that views the child in a home environment duly placed in a community context, where the family strives to meet their needs and obtain long-term resources” (p.56). The social problem created by poverty is a much larger than any debate ever address. Its remains an issue of serious social concern, addressing the truthfulness about poverty is crucial to assist in the policy making process. Because ignoring the cause...
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...banking and home buying. In addition, Amy Fontinelle has extensive experience editing corporate documents, public policy papers and articles, scholarly books and finance articles. Her articles have been posted on Yahoo.com, Finance, Forbes.com, SFGates.com and various local news websites. Furthermore, we can read more personal finance articles at Amy’s own personal finance website and learn more about Amy at amyfontinelle.com. The purpose of the article is to inform with factual material. We can learn the basic of managing our money effectively, protecting our wealth and making it easy and fun to save more to be financially secure both today and future. The article consists of eight main points, which are learn self control, take control of your own financial future, know where your money goes, start an emergency fund, start saving for retirement now, get a grip on taxes, guard your health and guard your wealth. The content of this article was organised, through and presented in a clear and concise manner. Amy state that “Do you really want to pay interest on a pair of jeans or a box of cereal?” in her first main point. This statement appeal readers should take consideration before purchase using credit card. Besides that, Amy has include the details and...
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...Health Care in the Early 1960s Rosemary A. Stevens, Ph.D. My topic, health care in the early 1960s, has a double set of meanings for me. I am a historian, and the 1960s are now "history," ripe for new interpretations. Yet I was also an immigrant to the United States in 1961, fresh from working as an administrator in the British National Health Service. The period immediately before the Medicare legislation in 1965 shines in my memory with the vividness of new impressions: those of a young health care student trying to make sense of the U. S. health care system, and indeed, of the United States. The health care system and the United States as a society stand, in many ways, as proxy for each other, now as then: The whole tells you much about the part, and the part about the whole. In the early 1960s, health care was already a massive enterprise. By the late 1950s, hospitals employed far more people than the steel industry, the automobile industry, and interstate railroads. One of every eight Americans was admitted annually as an inpatient (Somers and Somers, 1961). To study health care, with all its contradictions and complexities, in the 1960s as in the present, is to explore the character and ambiguities of the United States itself, that vast, brash, divided yet curiously hopeful Nation. On the face of it, the United States was a country blessed by plenty in the 1960s, with hospitals and professionals that were the envy of the world. Among the marvels of modern hospitals that...
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...The Canadian Health Care system has been regarded as one of the best publicly funded health care programs in the world, to conduct a fair and unbiased comparison of the Canadian and American health care systems one should use similar measuring techniques. Comparing our Health Care system to the United States’ is only going to give us a false sense of satisfaction. This will hinder our progress towards reaching a system that would facilitate the needs of every citizen while taking their opinions and complaints into consideration. A Canadian Health Care system created by the people and for the people. The major differences between the Canadian and the American health care systems are that the Canadian health is a publicly-funded single-pay system which covers costs deemed medically necessary for every citizen/resident regardless of their ability to pay. While the American health care is a multi-payer system based on the patient’s finances. I argue That Canadian Health Care system is better than the American Health Care system. In the Canadian system the citizens will pay far less than they would ever pay if they were being treated for any sickness or receiving any medical services in the United States. It is clear that the Canadian health system is better than the American counterpart as the reported Life expectancy is higher in Canada by more than 2 years, 82.4 years for women and 77.4 years for men when compared to the American life expectancy, 80.1 years for women and 74.8 years...
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...Alternatives………………………………………………………………………………………………………10 Evaluation Criteria………………………………………………………………………………………………………10 Policy Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………………………..12 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 Introduction Recent health care reform legislation, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Education Reconciliation Act, which is now being referred to simply as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), was signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010. Since the 20th century, several United States presidents have faced challenges in passing national health reform into law. Before the ACA was enacted, national health reform proposals under different governments in the United States faced strong opposition from various stakeholders and multiple interest groups. Therefore, the enactment of the ACA is revolutionary healthcare reform in the history of the United States. Healthcare insurance is a program that assists in paying medical expenses through privately purchased insurance or social welfare programs. In other words, health insurance is a system that provides protection against health costs. This newly legislated healthcare reform offers health insurance for all Americans and legal residents in the United States. Furthermore, the law was enacted to control the constant increase of healthcare costs as well as improving the healthcare delivery system in the...
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