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The World That Came Together

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Submitted By jdrizzle
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8/26/2013

Introduction to Electric Charge
Dr. DiFabio Physics 202 Lecture UL-Lafayette, Fall 2013 Halliday, Resnick, Walker (Chapter 21)

Introduction to Electric Charge
• Electric charge is an intrinsic property of the elementary particles that make up atoms. • Atoms • Nucleus consisting of protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (negative charge) orbit the nucleus. • Like charges repel, while opposite charges attract. • Everyday objects have equal amounts of positive and negative charge, so they have no net charge.

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Charging objects
• Rubbing glass rod with silk causes electrons to be transferred from glass to silk giving the glass a positive charge

• Rubbing plastic rod with fur causes electrons to be transferred from fur to plastic giving the plastic a negative charge.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

• The amount of charge transferred is much smaller than the total charge in the objects.

Properties of Charge
• Charge is quantized. – Charge of an object can only be a multiple of the elementary charge e = 1.602x10-19 C. – 1 C = (1 A)*(1 s) – Charge q = ne, where n is an integer • Charge is conserved. silk silk
+ + + +

- - glass rod

glass rod

Net charge before = Net charge after

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Conductors and Insulators
• Conductors contain electrons called conduction electrons that can easily move within the material (e.g. copper). • Insulators contain few or no conduction electrons, so charge cannot easily move within the material (e.g. glass, plastic) • Nucleus of atoms do not move throughout the material.

Conductors and Insulators
• Neutral Copper (Cu) rod hanging from a non-conducting string. • Bring a negatively charged plastic rod close to left edge of Cu conductor. • The negatively charged plastic rod forces conduction electrons to the

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