...depravity, unconditional predestination, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance What is effectual calling? God’s special work with the elect, enabling them to respond in repentance and faith, and rendering it certain that they will. Three images the Bible uses to describe the church. The people of God; The body of Christ; The temple of the Holy Spirit Basic views of baptism as identified by Erickson. Baptism as a means of saving grace. Baptism as a sign and seal of the covenant. Baptism as a token of salvation 3 current views of the intermediate state. Soul Sleep – the soul during death and resurrection reposes in a state of unconsciousness. Purgatory – upon death, an individual’s eternal status is determined. Instantaneous Resurrection – upon death, believers receive the resurrection body that has been promised. 5 characteristics of the second coming of Christ. Personal, Physical, Visible, Unexpected, Triumphant and Glorious. 3 prominent millennial views. Postmillennialism – believes that the preaching of the gospel will be so successful that the world will be converted. Premillennialism – believes that Christ will return in person and body to commence the millennium. Amillennialism – believes that there will be no earthly reign of Christ. What are the 3 tribunal views and what distinguishes each? Pretribulationism – 2 phases in Christ’s coming and 3 resurrections. Posttribulationism – 2 resurrections; the resurrection of believers at the end of the tribulation...
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...Pannenberg both theologians from different upbringing and different walks of life, both come up with a theology understanding that will help them, and they draw closer to God, and to teach others to do the same thing. God made men in own likeness, but with different understanding of scriptures are to be applied to ones’ walk with God. In this essay, one will be able to grab a hold of both Moltmann’s and Pannenberg’s theology and see which theology will be suitable to their own understanding of theology, by comparing and contrasting the theologies of Moltmann’s and Pannenberg’s Comparing the Theologies of Moltmann and Pannenberg Jürgen Moltmann followed the theology of eschatological because of the new teachings...
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...THEOLOGY OF WORSHIP ___________________ A Paper Presented to Dr. Timothy J. Ralston Dallas Theological Seminary ___________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course PM302 – Pastoral Theology and Leadership II ___________________ By Kevin Goldsmith May 30, 2011 Box #640 THEOLOGY OF WORHSIP Introduction Worship has been around since the creation to recognize the Creator, and is extremely important to the church. “Worship is the single activity that both unifies and transcends time.”1 However, the method in which the believer has worshipped God has changed and looks different. So one must ask the question, what is the proper way to worship God? Or what are the nonnegotiable parts that must be included to worship? In this paper we will develop a philosophy to determine what worship is, what should be included in worship today, and how important theology is to the leader of the worship experience. Defining Worship There are three terms in the bible that help us to understand worship. The first word is hwjtvh, which literally means to bow down. This word “emphasizes the way an Israelite thought of approaching the to the holy presence of God.”2 The second Old Testament word we must look at is dAbDo meaning to serve. “The highest designation of the Hebrew in his engagement with the worship of God is just this word servant.”3 In the New Testament the word most often used for worship is proskune÷w. This word carries the same meaning as to bow Timothy J...
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...Explain the role of reason within theology as it seeks to deepen its understanding of the mysteries of faith. By: Carolyn Curry Rel: 123 Christian Spiritual Vision Jesus Christ – is the embodied Lord. However there are people who do not believe that he exist. Some people will say he is not even real. This must be found through context of the Bible and the understandings of theology, Scripture, God, Christ, man, sin and the Holy Spirit. This we know “Theology without experience is empty Experience without theology is blind.”(Kant’s) Let’s say theology would have had specific theological methods of demonstrations of scientific developments of growth in one’s Faith. Aristotle saw, many fields he inquired using a similar method for it. However it would be foolish to use other methods to try and disapprove the existence of God, for God must not be used for an experiment, however he is considered the first cause of all things. When demonstrating God’s existence there are two things there are needed in Philosophical and empirical methods. Having those two methods and combining faith and philosophical reason one can penetrate everything into the Revelation of God. Theology, is a simple science which is based on the Revelation of God, which uses reason to know what exactly God’s revealed. Empirical science and philosophy are both a different method of theology. In today’s society there are Christians and non-Christians that think theology is only used for rigorous or demonstrative...
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...Liberty Theological Seminary Theology of Missions A Paper Submitted To Dr. Edward Smither In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Course GLST 500 Submitted By David A Barton April 8, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Old Testament 2 New Testament 3 The Nature of God and Missio Dei 3 Mission Theology and Christology 4 Mission Theology and Ecclesiology 5 Motifs: Jesus and the Holy Spirit 6 Mission Theology and the Missionary 7 Mission Theology and the Church Leader 8 Mission Theology and the Lay Person 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction Mission is something that we are all called to do to some degree. Mission is echoed throughout the Old Testament and exemplified in the New Testament. It is a literal manifestation of the nature and character of God. All of theology demands the need for the Great Commission and the work of the Missionary. There are many motifs that are inherent in Mission Theology that determine how the work is done. Finally, how does this practically relate to the missionary, the leaders of the local church, and finally, the layperson who may never leave his or her own culture or country? Missions are for all believers, even if the only thing one ever does is pray. Old Testament In Genesis 12:1-3 one reads,” The Lord had said to Abram, “Leave your country, your people and your father’s household and go to the land I will show you. “I will make you a great...
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...Biblical theology is a Christian approach in which the theologian studies the Bible from the perspective of understanding the progressive history of God revealing Himself to humanity and following the fall and throughout the Old Testament and New Testament. Biblical theology is an attempt to articulate the theology that the Bible contains as its writers addressed their particular settings. It particularly focuses on the epochs of the Old Testament in order to understand how each part of it ultimately points forward to fulfillment in the life mission of Jesus Christ. Because scholars have tended to use the term in different ways, biblical theology has been notoriously difficult to define. Biblical theology is also study of the Bible that seeks to discover what the biblical writers, under divine guidance, believed, described, and taught in the context of their own times. Biblical theology is an attempt to understand God as He is revealed in the Bible. It seeks to discover what the biblical writers understand, believe and what they are taught. It’s based on the Bible first and then it takes scriptures from the word of God. Biblical theology pays attention to the soil of history. It studies revelation in the progressive sequence in which it was given. Also biblical theology finds its source in the Bible. Relation to Other Disciplines Biblical theology is related to but different from three other major branches of theological inquiry. Practical theology focuses on pastoral application...
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...what you do not wish them to do to you.” Whereas the message of Jesus is to get involved as the Father has gotten involved with humanity, the rabbi cautions a more conservative approach. The rabbi wants us merely to keep from harming others. Jesus wants us to act, not just react. • Jesus further puts his own special seal on this maxim by stating the two greatest commandments: love God and love one another. To love someone is to seek to do good to them, and certainly, at the very least, to avoid doing them evil. • What is Christian Moral Life? • Misconceptions 1. Reduced to avoidance of sin 2. Reduced to a series of don’ts and dire punishment if we fail • What is Christian Moral Life? • Positive and Fuller Meaning 1. Moral theology should start with God and God’s love - JP II (Veritatis Splendor) : The moral life is a response to the many gratuitous initiatives taken by God out of God’s love - God always acts first: the moral life begins with God’s grace; we respond in freedom to our experience of God - If the moral life is a response to God, then our image of God is crucial because how we imagine God would affect how we respond to Him morally (e.g. the Parable of the Prodigal Son) Parable of the...
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...REFLECTION PAPER IN THEOLOGY 12: MAN AND MORALITY SUBMITTED BY: CALIMAG, MARRIELL B. AAT-2A SUBMITTED TO: SIR ANTHONY MERENCIANO Moral theology is a term used by the Roman Catholic Church to describe the study of God from a perspective of how man must live in order to attain the presence or favour of God. While dogmatic theology deals with the teaching or official doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, moral theology deals with the goal of life and how it is achieved. So, the goal or purpose of moral theology is, simply stated, to determine how man should live. Moral theology examines such things as freedom, conscience, love, responsibility, and law. Moral theology seeks to set forth general principles to help individuals make the right decisions and deal with the details of everyday living in a way that is in accordance with the Church’s dogmatic theology. Moral theology is essentially the Roman Catholic equivalent to what Protestants usually refer to as Christian Ethics. Moral theology deals with the broad questions in life and attempts to define what it means to live as a Roman Catholic Christian. Moral theology addresses the different methods of moral discernment, the definitions of right and wrong, good and evil, sin and virtue, etc. Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are "good" (or right) and those that are "bad" (or wrong). It is based on human existence that refers to human experience. Human existence...
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...The study of theology, as defined by Merriam Webster, is the study of religious faith, practice, and experience; specifically, the study of God and of God’s relation to the world. The difficulty of this field of study in today’s era is that we often become immune to new thoughts or beliefs, and instead fully accept the ideas that have been introduced before us. That is exactly what Victor Paul Furnish is trying to do in his work, “The Theology of the First Letter to the Corinthians,” which challenges a number of common views regarding New Testament literature. The piece of this book that I will analyze deals with 1 Corinthians specifically. In this section, Furnish challenges the common belief that Paul’s theology is most evident in Galatians and Romans, while his apostolic self-understanding and views on ethical and moral issues are found primarily in 1 and 2 Corinthians. He believes this is inaccurate, and that 1 Corinthians is also, a profoundly theological letter. The approach used in arguing this claim is a very historical one. There are many references to historical texts in addition to the biblical discussion found throughout. As a guide, the four traditional doctrinal topics will be summarized and analyzed in order to better understand the relationship between Paul and the Corinthians, specifically regarding their respective views. These topics will include Christology, soteriology, eschatology, and ecclesiology. The first topic discussed is Christology. This is the...
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...maturity of believers. My personal definition of spiritual gifts is the following: Spiritual gifts are abilities given by God to every Christian for different types of service, each person receiving one or more gifts, with purposes including: to give God glory through service, to accomplish His will, and to edify believers. The baptism of the Holy Spirit and His indwelling is directly related to salvation. When a person accepts Jesus as his or her Savior, the Spirit indwells the new believer immediately, not in a subsequent experience. This indwelling places the believer in the Body of Christ. Salvation is not a two-step process, but is instead a change in a person’s relationship with God. Biblical definitions of speaking in tongues are: a gift of the Spirit in 1 Corinthians 12:4-11 that may have two functions: In the book of Acts, it is an “initiation” gift given to affirm entrance to the Church Body. It may also be a spiritual gift given by God to individuals to display the gift in church service (1 Corinthians 12-14 or Romans 12). Speaking in tongues is not a necessary sign for baptism of the Holy Spirit. Biblically speaking, Jesus and the disciples did not speak in tongues in the Gospels. I consider someone who accepts Jesus while on his deathbed. This person does not need to speak in tongues before passing...
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...8). The reason the Tiktaalik fish needed to do pushups so he could strengthen his upper body to jump out of the water onto land. The reason he needed to get out of water because of all the predators in the area and the ability to move to locations where predators couldn’t move made it possible for him to alive. Catholic Theology Understand the Sacraments as “means of Grace” By Melissa Robinson Saint Leo University REL 123 Christian Spiritual Vision Dr. Richard H. Cobble The Sacraments are between the most evident forms of obvious outward show in Christianity coming as they do with major differences, both in number and in practice. I will explain the theological and historical background, and their significance in the continuing life of the church. The focus will be on two main sacraments as practiced in Protestant Christianity, verse Baptism and Holy Communion “means of grace”. The early church acknowledged many practices which in some way expressed the “mystery’ (Greek: mysterion) of the Christian belief. (McGrath). Albl, points out from the beginning, a union was between the Sacraments of Baptism and Holy Communion and the mystery of God’s saving work in Christ (Albl 56-100). Translated the Greek term to into Latin, by using sacramentum, a worked which in a worldly sense meant an oath of commitment, for example the kind that a soldier might make to his commander in charge. Augustine a 4th century theologian of Hippo defined a sacrament as an “outward...
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...SYNOPSIS OF THE LAST SUPPER ACCOUNTS Student’s Name Date In the New Testament, the Last Supper refers to the last meal that Jesus shared with his disciples on the night of his betrayal. This last meal mentioned in different terms in different texts. These terms include the Lord's Supper, Eucharist, communion and mass. The last supper serves as an encouragement and a unifying factor to Christians. It binds them in fellowship of love, trust and mutual acceptance. Sharing of the last supper is one of the orders that Jesus gave to his church. It is ideally Christian’s remembrance of Jesus, acknowledgement of his presence, confident hope in his second coming, fellowship with him and his people, self-examination, thanksgiving and gratitude. 1This paper explores the last supper event as presented by the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and 1st Corinthians. Historical Background of the Last Supper The last supper concept dates back to the early times in the Old Testament where Jews used to celebrate the Passover. The Passover ritual entailed an opening course where the paterfamilias spoke a blessing over the first cup of wine. The preliminary dish comprised green herbs, bitter herbs and a sauce made...
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...“The last shall be first and the first shall be last”, Matt. 20:16. By James Peterson Mason in “V.I.P.” asks the question “who is the most important in a church?”(pg34). His conclusion; it is the suffering that are the most important. This approach to suffering is a practical application of theology. Mason’s Theology of suffering is interconnected to Christian attitudes, church community, and the idea of who is the most important. It is one that involves the attitude of the Church needing to be one of servant-ship, the sufferers being surrounded by the Christian community, and the fact that they should be put first. His theology of Suffering is that it is very much the problem of the whole community of believers, not just the one going through the suffering. Mason tackles a difficult attitude he finds in the church, an attitude that at its worst is hypocrisy and neglect. People who are supposed to serve the forgotten and hurting but have forgotten to care. The book of Job is Mason’s main reference for this idea and turns to the story of job and his friends for an example. “In Job we see five men (counting Elihu) whose lives are inconvenienced by the suffering of Job. Four of these men are subconsciously, so deeply resentful of this problem that they cannot see that it is really theirs as much as it is Job’s. . . . Their behavior is like that of a stubborn man who insists on walking around on a broken foot” (Mason, 35). From Mason’s own penmanship as well as the...
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...putting to death the corrupted deeds of the body by the Spirit and the renewing of the believer’s mind to discern the things of God characterizes the Christian life, according to Paul’s teaching depicted in Romans 8:13 and 12:2. A Christian must continually put to the death sin, by the work of the Holy Spirit, which originates within their hearts and within their bodies, that is the expression of the sin within the heart. Christians are set apart for God’s use and according to Romans 8:29, God conforms believers to the image of His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ. The life of every Christian is a continual renewal or development to the likeness of Christ, who is the perfect image of man. Romans 8 depicts a transformation of a life dominated by the flesh to a life led by the Spirit of God. A Christian’s mindset is reshaped by the Spirit and is focused on to the things of God and not on the world. The motive for Christian living is intellectual in which it begins with the mind. What a Christian has been already made in Christ is now what they are called to do. Ultimately, the end result of the Christian life is to bring glory to God. Thus God is glorified when man response to Him by placing his trust in Jesus Christ and turns from a lifestyle of sin, which is characterized by obedience and devotion to Him. Corrupted Deeds “For if you live according to the flesh you will die, but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live.” An essential part to understanding...
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...FRIEDRICH SCHLEIEMACHER DEFENSE OF CHRISTIANITY PAPER 2 SUBMITTED TO RODNEY NICKENS, PROFESSOR HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH CHHI BY MELVIN L MONTGOMERY JR. PINEHURST, NC JULY 28, 2011 INTRODUCTION Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher is credited as being the father of Christian liberalism. Like most influential Church fathers, unresolved doubts concerning the orthodoxy and doctrine of his time led him to seminary. He developed a strong sense of skepticism towards Christian theology while studying at the University in Halle. In response to the Enlightenment, Friedrich Schleiermacher shifted his thoughts towards his experience and feelings this would usher in a new era of liberal theology. No such theological doctrine had been developed within the historical context of the Christian church; it is helpful to highlight the profound challenges presented by Enlightenment philosophy in the place of religion. Liberals insisted that the ultimate authority in theology must be man, either in his reason, his will or his feelings. If only what can be proven by experiments and deductive reasoning is knowable, how could we know about unverifiable religious doctrines with any certainty? Even among those caught up in Romanticism, a reactionary movement against its cold rationalism, religious dogma and moralistic authority were still perceived as a hindrance to authentic, individual freedom. One could be cultured, optimistic, moral and full of ideals. However, religion...
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