...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline 1850s The history of theoretical and scientific approach in nursing evolution rooted in mid-1800s by the founder and pioneer of modern nursing; Florence Nightingale. She was considered “The Lady with the Lamp” and “The Mother of Modern Nursing “. Florence Nightingale was born in Florence Italy on May 12, 1820. She grew up with the belief that her religious calling was to take care of other people. She started her work during the Crimean war. Her amazing management skills and her ability to provide nursing care to the healthy and wounded soldiers, using her great base knowledge and understanding about the cause and effect of disease and the influence of the environment in healing process, provided a major impact in healthcare and started the beginning of the nursing profession. Her satisfaction however did not end alone in taking care of her patients. She broadened the concept of nursing by research and studies on how to come up with more effective care using statistics, cases and data. Her dedication and the positive outcomes influenced many peoples around the globe and inspired the continuation of her great work. In 1859, Florence Nightingale published her views on nursing care in “Notes on Nursing”. The basis of nursing practice was based on this theory. 1960s Theorist Year Nursing Theories V. Henderson 1960...
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...Nursing Theory: Compare/contrast two theories Name University Professor Course Date Nursing Theory: Compare/contrast two theoriesIntroduction Theory has so far remained a strategic tool in advanced nursing practice. Firstly, nursing utilizes every feature of management science. Fortunately, the knowledge base of each and every management science takes theory into account. Theory includes methods, principles, and concepts. The principles are usually related, and can be observed and validated or verified when translated into the practice of management. Likewise, concepts are general notions, thoughts, and ideas that tend to form a basis of discussion or action. Therefore, theoretical principles guide clinical nurses to various fundamental nursing concepts and provide productive line of action in a given situation. As a result, nurses should note that taking a hermeneutic or phenomenological approach (strict natural science approach) to nursing is not only naive but also misleading in real-life-settings. Alligood and Tomey, on the other hand, argues that prescriptive theories are often used as fundamental practice guidelines, which play a pivotal role in providing a wide range of practice situations in the nursing and nursing sector (2002). Apart from that, nursing can only become a real profession when it has both a theoretical and a scientific base. This follows the fact that nurses deal mainly with human behavior, thus, nursing is indeed a practice profession. Briefly...
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...JAN DISCUSSION PAPER JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies Hung-Lan Wu & Deborah L. Volker Accepted for publication 24 July 2009 Correspondence to D.L. Volker: e-mail: dvolker@mail.nur.utexas.edu Hung-Lan Wu PhD RN Nursing Instructor Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Deborah L. Volker PhD RN AOCN Associate Professor The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas, USA W U H . L . & V O L K E R D . L . ( 2 0 0 9 ) The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(12), 2719–2732. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05157.x Abstract Title. The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Aim. This paper is a report of an analysis of the use of theory in qualitative approaches to research as exemplified in qualitative end-of-life studies. Background. Nurses researchers turn to theory to conceptualize research problems and guide investigations. However, researchers using qualitative approaches do not consistently articulate how theory has been applied, and no clear consensus exists regarding the appropriate application of theory in qualitative studies. A review of qualitative, end-of-life studies is used to illustrate application of theory to study design and findings. Data sources. A review of theoretical literature was carried out, focusing on definitions...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline NUR/513 - THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PRACTICE DOLORES DIEHL University of Phoenix March 10, 2014 Nursing science was defined in 1978 by Donaldson and Crowley as “principles and laws that govern life process, well- being, and optimum functioning of human beings-sick or well…; patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment in critical life situations… and process by which positive changes in health status are affected (Donaldson, S. K. & Crowley, M. 1978 p. 113). The definition of nursing science was recently noted by U. S. National Institutes of Health which wrote that the “ ultimate intent of the knowledge generated through nursing research is to provide information for guiding nursing practice; assessing the heath care environment, enhancing patient ,family, and community outcomes; and shaping health policy” ( U. S. National Institutes of Health, 2005, p. 72). These definitions are all stepping stones from the very first person that said there is a need for better care delivery for those who are sick. The founder of nursing was Florence Nightingale’s and she wrote a book titled “What it is and what it is not. Florence‘s book outlined the bases for nursing practice in a time when the simple rules of health were only beginning to be known. The topics were of vital importance not only for the well-being and recovery of patients, when hospitals were riddled with infection, when nurses...
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...Applying Orem's theory to care for patients with neurogenic bladder INTRODUCTION The core of nursing is theory guided practice. Nurses uses concepts, principles and theories of nursing to meet the health needs of the patients. Nursing practice is the art and science of caring and healing. In order to provide holistic and effective interventions, nurses use the theories to develop plan of care. Nursing is a combination of theories and it always guides practice. Theory-based nursing practice is the “application of various models, theories, and principles from nursing science and the biological, behavioral, medical and sociocultural disciplines to clinical nursing practice” (Kenney, 2013, p. 333). As one of the oncology and rehab nurse we come across many patients who suffer from neurogenic bladder problems. The importance of this paper is to educate about self-care for the patients with neurogenic bladder, with emphasis on Orem’s theory. The intent of this paper is to show how nurses use the theoretical principles in practice. Neurogenic bladder problems are seen in spinal cord injury patients. An article from the Journal of Nursing stated that each year about 11,000 people are affected by spinal cord injuries in United States. A number of cases have spinal tumors which may cause compression of the spinal nerves and cancer patients who have undergone sacrectomies, all end up with neurogenic...
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...Nursing as a Profession From the dawn of time nursing has existed, in one form or another. Because healthcare varies between cultures, nurses have historically taken on many different roles: a folk healer, a healer with religious ties, and that of a servant (Ellis & Hartley, 2012). Because of these various roles, some may not realize, or accept, that nursing has evolved into a much needed profession. This essay will discuss what a profession is, the criteria needed to be present in order to be considered a profession, and the reasons why nursing should be considered a profession. Criteria of a Profession In order to understand why I consider nursing a profession, you must first understand the meaning of the word. There are many varied definitions of the word profession. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines profession as a noun meaning “a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation” (n.d.). Harkreader, Hogan, and Thobaben build on the previous core definition by including five criteria: “provides an essential service to society, has a theoretical body of knowledge, requires relative independence in decision making in practice, requires specialized education, and has a code of ethics for behavior of its members” (p.2, 2007). Examples of how nursing meets each of these criteria of a profession are listed below. Provides an Essential Service to Society. Nurses provide a service that is unable to be substituted by any...
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...A BRIEF STUDY OF NURSING THEORIES ACCORDING TO FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, JEAN WATSON AND MADELEINE LEININGER TOLULOPE ADEDIWURA MINOT STATE UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT Nursing as a profession is based on concrete (scientific, philosophical, behavioral, social, and humanities among others), concepts and theories by past and current nursing theorists. These theorists have helped shape the profession from 19th century till date. New theories are emerging due to advance in health care, as off-shoot of previous theories and also as addition to suit present day application. This paper shall look at the works (theories) of Florence Nightingale; Environmental theory, Jean Watson; Human caring theory, and Madeleine Leininger; Culture care diversity and universality and how it relates with Minot State University’s mission statement and philosophy. In addition, the paper will venture into the merits and demerits of these theories. These nursing theorists viewed nursing differently but, have a common goal in aiming to deliver service to clients using different methods. This adds to the dynamism inherent in nursing profession and provides platform upon which improvements are made. Nightingale focuses on manipulating the environment to cater for health needs of patients and prevention of illnesses. Jean Watson presents a care approach view at nursing. She ultimately support the value of caring relationship in dealing with clients. While Madeleine Leininger stress the importance of cultural understanding...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Person may represent an individual, a family, a community or all humankind. Health represents a state of well-being as defined by the individual or mutually decided on by a individual and a nurse. Environment represents the person’s physical surroundings, the community, or the universe and all it contains. Nursing is the practice of the science and art of the discipline (George, 2011). Metaparadigm pertains to the core concepts of a particular discipline. Until the 1990's there was general agreement in the literature that the metaparadigm of the discipline of nursing consisted of four major concepts: person, health, environment, and nursing (George, 2011). Concepts are thoughts believed to be true. Concepts can either be concrete or abstract in nature and can be observed or experienced through one’s reality. Concepts are the elements used to generate theories. Chinn and Kramer (2004) define a theory as “a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena” (p.58). Theories are not a fact or a scientific law which produce the same results 100% percent of the time. Theories can provide possible and temporary explanations to phenomena that are ever changing as new evidence emerges. Simply stated, the theory suggests a direction in how to view facts and events (George, 2011). The degree of predictability surrounding a theory is the research that is gathered by using different...
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...The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Alexandra Winter December 7, 2013 The Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The nursing profession continues to develop and transform in practice and roles mostly due to the development of nursing models and theories that promote evidence based practice. Nursing remains a profession of caring and service. The pioneers of this profession revolutionized this career and have allowed nursing to evolve while concurrently finding ways to provide better care. The earliest nurses did not attend nursing school; they were often women who provided care for the poor, sick or homeless without family support. In the middle ages, nurses who were affiliated with religious organizations, and they managed hospitals. In the 18th and 19th centuries, nursing expanded to include caring for soldiers wounded in war. The Civil War laid the foundation for a professional nurse. Their work changed the public's opinion about women in health care. Avant and Walker state that, “… during the mid-twentieth century and the years that followed, nursing leaders in the United States saw theory development as a means of firmly establishing nursing as a profession, and not just a task-oriented occupation with little autonomy” (Walker & Avant, 2011, Chapter 1). The historical development of nursing can best be explained using a timeline. Grand Theories – Broad Scope, General Concept...
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...Two of the major theories of nursing have been published by Jean Watson and by John Paley, who each have taken markedly distinct approaches to conceptualizing nursing care in a theoretical construct. This paper will provide a discussion of Jean Watson’s background, including educational preparation and process of developing her Care Theory as well as her career high points, discussion of Jean’s Watson’s Care Theory, including major points, discussion of John Paley’s background, including education preparation and his career high points, brief discussion of Friedich Nietzsche, specifically his major philosophical beliefs, compare Jean Watson’s Care Theory with the ideas presented in John Paley’s article, and contrast Jean Watson’s Care Theory with the ideas presented in John Paley’s article . Jean Watson, who hails from West Virginia, was educated at the University of Colorado where she earned a baccalaureate degree in nursing, 1964. She also earned her master’s degree in psychiatric-mental health nursing, and her doctorate in educational psychology and counseling at University of Colorado. While serving as dean of University of Colorado School of Nursing, she was instrumental in the development of a post baccalaureate nursing curriculum in human caring that would lead to a career professional clinical. She was appointed Distinguished Professor of Nursing and endowed Chair in Caring Science at the same university. Watson has published numerous books describing her philosophy...
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...The Nursing Metaparadigm Concepts Presented to Dr. Peck GNRS 5373 By Fatema Bandookwala, Irene Cotten, Amanda Garcia, Elizabeth Mbutu-Lomeli, Hawa Samson-Metzger, Alexandria Thomas On September 25, 2013 The University of Texas Medical Branch School Of Nursing THE NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS The nursing metaparadigm concepts described by Fawcett (as cited in McEwen & Willis, 2011), are a primary phenomena of interest to a discipline, which identifies globally by ways in which, nursing can deal with those phenomena in a distinctive and applicable manner. The functional aspects of the meta-paradigm according to Kim (as cited in McEwen & Willis, 2011), involve a combination of intellectual and social missions of nursing as a discipline in which boundaries are placed on the subject matter. The concepts of person, health, environment, and nursing as the meta-paradigm are formalized by Fawcett (as cited in McEwen & Willis, 2011) to be the dominant phenomena within the science of nursing. The dominant phenomena person is the individual personality of a human being (McQuiston &Webb, 1995). It is a dynamic pattern of energy and an open system to interaction with the environment (McEwen & Wills, 2011). It is critical to have an interpersonal relationship between nurses, patients, family members, and other hospital personnel. Hildegard Paplau originally taught the importance of relationships between nurses and patients (Tourville...
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...must use the following headings: Issue Description Provide a minimum 200-word detailed description of the health issue you have chosen. Theoretical Perspective Provide a minimum 500-word sociological analysis of the issue you have chosen. Use your textbook as well as other sociological sources (e.g., textbooks, journal articles) in this section. You will need to select one sociological theory which is relevant to your chosen issue, state the main ideas of this theory, and explain how effective the theory is in helping to understand the chosen issue. Conclusion Provide a minimum 200-word summary which explains how health sociology theory provides a different way of making sense of the organisation of health care. ISSUE DESCRIPTION The rise of nurse practitioners concerns the extension of some aspects of nursing practise to incorporate tasks once only performed by doctors. The issue here is whether the rise of the nurse practitioner role improves the agency and professional status of nursing, and the extent to which it is resisted by doctors as a challenge to their clinical autonomy. Nurse practitioners fall under the category of advanced practise nurses. The Australian nursing and midwifery council (ANMC) has proposed the following broad definition of advanced practice nursing: “Advanced practice nursing defines a level of nursing practice that utilises extended and expanded skills,experience and knowledge in assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation...
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...Florence Nightingale Theoretical Framework Katherine Perona and Ashley Schultz Grand Canyon University Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 Sandra Wheeler November 04, 2014 Florence Nightingale Theoretical Framework Florence Nightingale is well known as the mother of modern nursing. She drew upon her many experiences as a battlefield nurse during the Crimean war to develop what was widely accepted as the first nursing theory. She viewed the manipulation of a patient’s environment as having a large impact on a patient’s health and well-being. She believed a nurse must be adapted to fit the needs of each different patient. According to Nightingale, the role of the nurse is to “put the patient in the best possible condition in order for nature to act” ("nursing theory," 2013, para. 5). What eventually became known as Florence Nightingale’s environment theory identified ten major concepts which a nurse must address in order to achieve holistic care. These factors include ventilation and warming, light and noise, cleanliness of the area, health of houses, bedding, personal cleanliness, variety, offering hope and advice, food, and observation ("nursing theory," 2013). Nightingale observed that unsanitary environments contribute to poor health and surmised that in the effort of improving patient condition, the environment can be altered to promote optimal health. In her theory, she is not simply speaking about the physical environment but also the psychological environment...
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...April 21, 2016 Chris Bartholomew Educational Preparation As early as the 1950’s, the ongoing debate regarding nursing education in the United States has been whether a minimal entry-level requirement is needed. If graduates from an associates and baccalaureate program are similarly compatible in theoretical knowledge and clinical practice, what then are the differences? Multiple studies have been conducted on the topic of nursing education, and organizations such as the National League for Nursing (NLN) and the American Nurses Association (ANA) stand firm on the need for higher educational standards for nurses in all practice settings, and emphasize the baccalaureate degree as the minimal entry level for ‘professional’ nursing practice (Giger & Davidhizar, 1990). The following essay will discuss the differences in knowledge base and competencies between the associate-degree and the baccalaureate-degree nurse clinician. Historically there have been three routes of entry into the field of nursing. For the purposes of this paper, we will focus on the associates program traditionally offered at community colleges, and the baccalaureate program taught at the university level. Graduates from both of these programs sit for the same (NCLEX-RN) National Council Licensure Examination (AACN, 2015). Course study in an associate’s degree program usually includes nursing fundamentals and clinical care across the lifespan, but their main educational focus revolves around clinical skills...
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...ICNE YALE #98 ETHICAL PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY NURSING STUDENTS IN TURKEY Fethiye Erdil and Fatos Korkmaz Nursing students increasingly encounter ethical problems during their clinical practice which sometimes infringe the rights of patients. However, so far there is no study in Turkey on the extent of problems from the perspective of nursing students, as well as how nurses are involved in ethical decision making process. This study is conducted at Hacettepe University Health Science Faculty Nursing Department with the aim of identifying the ethical problems confronted by nursing students. Eighty-four third class and 69 senior nursing students were volunteers to participate in this study. Their age ranged from 19 to 23 years. All participants have taken the course entitled ‘Nursing History and Deontology’ which include 14 hours ethical content. Students were asked to describe moral problems that they observed or encountered during their clinical practice. Ethical problems at clinical practice were reported as physical maltreatment of patients (28%), inappropriate approaches toward patients which cause psychological distress (24%), violation of privacy (21%), providing inadequate information (16%) and discrimination based on the social and economical status (16%). The reasons of these ethical problems were stated by students as the unprofessional conduct of physicians (34%) and nurses (44%), and ineffective hospital management (9%). The most striking finding of this study...
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