...Theoretical position paper Jean Salomon PSY/310 March 1 2014 Cheryl Fracasso Theoretical position paper Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung Both Freud and Jung believed that individuals are driven in some way or another by the unconscious (Curvone, Pervin, 2010). Jung however, took this concept to another level by developing the idea for collective unconscious (Curvone, Pervin, 2010).Fundamentally, their basis for how the unconscious influences behavior is similar in nature. One main difference though is that Freud believed that one’s past experiences, especially from childhood, are stored in the memory and sometimes difficult to retrieve or even be aware of, and Jung believed that individuals do in fact store things in the unconscious, but it is based on an evolutionary perspective (Curvone, Pervin,2010). The idea behind the evolutionary view is that one’s ancestors influence the next generation, so these forces within are inevitable, however, he also acknowledges, like Freud, that each individual has a personal unconscious which is influenced solely by the desires of the self (Curvone, Pervin, 2010). ‘’self’’ is a large part of Jung’s thinking. The idea is that we all have personal conflict within and this remains constant throughout life because there is a tendency to put on a persona for who one truly is (Curvone, Pervin, 2010). Furthermore, this occurs because each person has a need to be accepted, whether it’s by society, family, or friends, there is a personal...
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...In the first reading of Activity 17.1, David Fraser offers a highly controversial account of the Secure Estate in Britain that draws on ‘right realist’ ideas to suggest that ‘prison works’. Reflecting on the methodological, theoretical and political issues discussed in Block 3, evaluate the reliability and validity of this account. You should use your conclusion to explain why you agree or disagree with Fraser’s position. Introduction The notion that the prison institution has failed as an establishment has been gradually gaining some popularity in consideration of the recent times, especially in this ‘postmodern’ era, where society is becoming more open to the discourse and discussion of the deconstruction of our many traditional and long established components of civilization, such as our typical ‘correctional’ establishments, or prison facilities (Davis 2000). In fact, there is already what is commonly referred to as the ‘prison abolition movement’ which is a collective, but not necessarily organized, worldview that is inclined to subscribe to the belief that a society can function better without prisons, and without prisoners thus. This position is backed up by a comprehensive set of criticisms against the modern form or structure of the criminal justice mechanism, which is argued to be predominantly predisposed allow racism (Davis 2007), sexism and reinforcement of the disadvantages of being part of the lower economic class of the society. More importantly, the anti-prison...
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...Scientific Papers (www.scientificpapers.org) Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology Issue 6 October 2011 Designing an Effective Female Leadership Model in Governmental Organizations Authors: Nosratollah MALEKI, International Relations School of Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Iran, nosrat.maleki@gmail.com, Aryan ASKARI, University of Tehran, Iran, aryan1072@gmail.com, Mohamad Amin GHANBARI, University of Tehran, Iran, ma.ghanbarei@gmail.com Since leadership is a critical factor for improving organizational performance, failure or success of an organization highly depends on the efficiency of leadership at all levels. Scholars elaborated that leadership is the ability of influencing one's attitudes, aptitudes and beliefs, in the way that it will lead to meet organizational objectives. The main purpose of this study is to consider two domains of efficient leadership and women’s leadership style, in order to determine and elaborate the dimensions of the new concept of “Women’s Efficient Leadership”. We intend to describe the characteristics of women’s efficient leadership in state organizations in Iran by means of offering a logical pattern, in order to be able to propose a favorable pattern, leading to increased efficiency in governmental organizations of the country. Innovation of this study can be divided into two parts: one is theoretical contribution and developing the knowledge of efficient leadership as well as women’s leadership...
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...the Netherlands in the United Nations. He decided to get a law degree. After receiving the maximum highest points possible in the following areas: mathematics, chemistry, biology and physics on his final examine. Everyone starting with his loving and supportive parents to his very motivational teachers convinced Edsger that a career in the field of science would be an outstanding career move for him. So, Edsger Dijkstra headed on to the University of Leyden. There at the University of Leyden Edsger Dijkstra decided that he would major in Theoretical Physics. To develop a good, strong and firm foundation in Theoretical Physics Dijkstra began his studies in mathematics and physics. Douwe Wybe Dijkstra being the loving and supportive father that Edsger needed him to be, was always searching for great opportunities to encourage his son in the field of study that he had chosen. Well, as the story has it, Douwe, (Edsger father) was reading a paper and just happened to come a cross an advertisement for a computer programming course that would be held at Cambridge University in England. The computer programming course was three weeks long. The three week course was to start in September of 1951. The three week computer programming course at Cambridge; Edsger thought it to be a great opportunity for him. He felt that...
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...Daniel Retta English 4 Essay: Albert Einstein Albert Pippy Einstein was born March 14, 1879 in Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire. He is well known for his scientific achievements in the field of theoretical physics. His achievements are so highly valued that he is commonly regarded as the father of modern physics. His father was Hermann Einstein and his mother was Pauline Koch. He had a sister two years younger named Maja Einstein. Although Einstein's family was Jewish, they were nonobservant and he attended a Catholic elementary school, Petersschule, from the ages of 5 till 10. He became highly religious around the age of 12 and actually began writing and singing During this time he had speech difficulties, though he was a top student. In 1889 a family friend Max Talmud introduced young Einstein, age 10, to some key texts in science, mathematics and philosophy, including Euclid's Elements and Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Einstein's family went through a few moves in response to their economic status difficulties. Albert's father and uncle together held a business, Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, which manufactured electrical equipment based on direct current. Because it was dependent upon the success of DC (direct current), during the War of the Currents, AC (alternating current) became the standard and their business went under. In search of better financial opportunity Herrman and his family moved to Italy, first to the city of Milan...
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...Author’s version of: Case, J. M. (2008). Alienation and engagement: Development of an alternative theoretical framework for understanding student learning. Higher Education, 55(3), 321 - 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9057-5 Alienation and engagement: Development of an alternative theoretical framework for understanding student learning Jennifer M. Case Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town Abstract In this paper it is suggested that the themes of alienation and engagement offer a productive alternative perspective for characterising the student experience of learning in higher education, compared to current dominant perspectives such as that offered by approaches to learning and related concepts. A conceptual and historical background of the concept of alienation is presented, followed by an overview of some contemporary perspectives. Drawing on this literature, a framework is then developed for characterising student learning. It comprises three categories, referring to the alienation resulting from 1. entering the higher education community, 2. fitting into the higher education community, and 3. staying in the higher education community. Each category has an associated set of theoretical tools that can be drawn upon in analysing this aspect of the student experience. Keywords: alienation, engagement, student learning, tertiary education, approaches to learning Address for correspondence: Dr J Case, Department of...
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...Running head: CAPSTONE PAPER CAPSTONE PAPER Theoretical and Practical Change in Strategic Organizational Leadership By: John King BSM 3-200 MGT 499 Capstone: Strategic Organizational Leadership Executive Summary The rationale or objective of this Capstone Paper is not to support or defend a particular type of strategic organizational leadership; but, to explore and analyze the theoretical and practical changes that cause organizational leadership to alter its goals and effectiveness, by way of strategic variables or necessity. The understanding and significance of theoretical and practical change in organizational leadership is fundamental to the nature and trends of business and government goals and their effectiveness. Organizational leadership is a planned social process that a person or persons in charge, lead or organize groups of people to achieve a common objective. This process may be orchestrated on a large or small scale and for profit or power. This strategic process is not normally the vision of a manager initially, but the dream or idea of the true leader. The strategies used by the leader of an organization often establish the culture of the organization (Flamholtz, & Randle, 2008). Theoretical and practical change in organizational leadership appears to be involved heavily with organizational culture or behavior. The history and background of organizational leadership has...
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...knowledge within the limits of critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem under study exists. Importance of Theory A theoretical framework consists of concepts and, together with their definitions and reference to relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is used for your particular study. The theoretical framework must demonstrate an understanding of theories and concepts that are relevant to the topic of your research paper and that relate to the broader areas of knowledge being considered. The theoretical framework is most often not something readily found within the literature. You must review course readings and pertinent research studies for theories and analytic models that are relevant to the research problem you are investigating. The selection of a theory should depend on its appropriateness, ease of application, and explanatory power. The theoretical framework strengthens the study in the following ways: 1. An explicit statement of theoretical assumptions permits the reader to evaluate them critically. 2. The theoretical framework connects the researcher to existing knowledge. Guided by a relevant theory, you are given a basis for your hypotheses and choice of research methods. 3. Articulating the theoretical assumptions of a research study forces you to address questions...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Research Method and Methodology in Finance and Accounting Second Edition Bob Ryan Robert W. Scapens Michael Theobold Australia . Canada . Mexico . Singapore . Spain . United Kingdom . United States Licensed to: iChapters User Research Method and Methodology in Finance and Accounting Copyright © Bob Ryan, Robert W. Scapens and Michael Theobold 2002 _______________________________________________________________________ The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. While the publisher has taken all reasonable care in the preparation of this book the publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions from the book or the consequences thereof. Products and services that are referred to in this book may be either trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher and author/s make no claim to these trademarks. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library _______________________________________________________________________ ISBN: 978-1-86152-881-0...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Research Method and Methodology in Finance and Accounting Second Edition Bob Ryan Robert W. Scapens Michael Theobold Australia . Canada . Mexico . Singapore . Spain . United Kingdom . United States Licensed to: iChapters User Research Method and Methodology in Finance and Accounting Copyright © Bob Ryan, Robert W. Scapens and Michael Theobold 2002 _______________________________________________________________________ The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. While the publisher has taken all reasonable care in the preparation of this book the publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions from the book or the consequences thereof. Products and services that are referred to in this book may be either trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher and author/s make no claim to these trademarks. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library _______________________________________________________________________ ISBN:...
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...page 128 of McLachlan (2009), use Exercise 4.4 as a guideline to writing journal #3 with two opposing right versus right views. The 2 articles for comparison are on pages 287 to 290. They are: · article one - “ROB Ranks Wal-Mart Among Canada’s Best Employers”; · article two - “The Cost of Walmartization”. State your position after presenting the arguments from the 2 articles by answering this question: After analysis of the two articles, would you still shop at Wal-Mart? Why? Why not? Format: APA style of writing. 3 pages, not including the cover and reference pages. This is a mini example of how to treat your research paper. Of course, you will research and read on more than two opposing publications on the ethical issue of your research paper. Remember, once more, to ground your analysis in relevant course theory. While you are asked to offer your perspective (as to whether you’d shop at Walmart), you are asked to ground your rationale within an appropriate ethical framework – this is not meant to serve as an opinion paper. _____________________________________________________________________________ FORMAT Theoretical Approach of Author in Article 1 Theoretical Approach of Author in Article 2 Backup the Approaches for Author 1- Three to six sentence paragraph Backup the Approaches for Author 2- Three to six sentence paragraph Compare and Contrast Which Article is more convincing? Credentials, Facts and Stats, Balanced, etc- Paragraph Opinion Piece- Short Paragraph ________...
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...the company name] | German regions “Oldenburg (Kreisfreie Stadt)” and “Wesermarsch” | Examination paper | | [Type the author name] | 5/23/2012 | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The performance of the regions. 4 3. Location factors. 5 4. Theoretical explanation. 7 5. The future development. 8 6. Bibliography 9 1. Introduction The paper consist comparison of information about the two regions in Germany - the Eurostat NUTS3 regions DE943 Oldenburg (Oldenburg), Kreisfreie Stadt and DE94G Wesermarsch. Making an overview of the performances, local factors, theoretical explanation and the future development of both of the regions I’m comparing them between each other and with Germany as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to understand the regions ability to develop, the importance of their business structure and to explain the situation in each of the regions. 2. The performance of the regions. Based on the enclosed data, compare the performance of the two regions with each other and with the whole country. The following pages show the analysis and the performances, answering the questions that were given by using the Excel data that is provided. The information in the Excel sheet about the population provides data considering the growth of the population for the whole country, as well as for the regions that this paper is about. By the enclosed data we can see that in Oldenburg there is increase in the population from...
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...well-defined theoretical content in the works of the classical political economists, who defined classes on the basis of the specific income form that each category of people (class) obtains. This approach to class constitutes a first form of a "friendly merger" between political economy and sociology. When combined with the classical labor value theory, it has led to a theory of class exploitation of the laboring class by the capitalist class. As economic theory became increasingly apologetic after the "Marginalist Revolution" (setting itself the aim of justifying capitalism), the theory of class has been totally banished from the corpus of "modern (neoclassical) economic science." This paper claims that the scientific elements inherent in classical political economy's class theory were preserved by the Marxist class theory, which further revolutionized the classical approach, creating a new, purely non-economistic and non-mechanistic "relationist" class theory, an d forming thus a vivid economic-sociological approach to social classes. On the basis of the Marxist approach, complex problems concerning the class structure of contemporary societies can be tackled. I Introduction THE THEORY OF CLASSES MAKES UP one of the most controversial chapters of the social sciences, in the sense that it comprises a forefront of confrontation between the different theoretical schools that are formulated within the field. To clarify what is to follow, I therefore reiterate the position that was...
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...ARTICLE 1: TITLE: Advertiser satisfaction with advertising agency creative product. NEEDS: The purpose of the paper is to explore the satisfaction response in the context of an applied creative, business-to-business, professional service – that of advertiser satisfaction with agency creative services. OBJECTIVES: CSD is a much-discussed but still controversial concept. Oliver (1997) offered the following definition:the consumer’s fulfillment response. It is a judgement that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself, provided (or is providing) a pleasurable level of consumption – related fulfilment, including levels of under- or over fulfilment.The disconfirmation paradigm has been researched extensively with regard to consumer goods and services (Bolton and Drew, Brown and Swartz, Oliver, Tse and Wilton. It was more recently applied to B2B services (Nowak and Washburn; Patterson. With regard to the basic disconfirmation model, Oliver concluded that “ the model has been able to adequately account for one major mechanism (disconfirmation) by which consumers form satisfaction judgements”. Oliver describes disconfirmation as “discrepancy from standard”, in either a positive or negative direction. The basic disconfirmation model comprises variables including expectations, (perceived) performance, disconfirmation. FINDINGS: Findings from the in-depth interviews concerning the structure of advertiser expectations have already...
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...FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGES Marvin B. Lieberman David B. Montgomery’ October 1987 Research Paper No. 969 //~‘L~ 1The authors are, respectively, Assistant Professor of Business Policy, and Robert A. Magowan Professor of Marketing, at the Stanford Business School. We thank Piet Vanden Abeele, Rajiv Lal, Mark Satterthwaite and Birger Wernerfelt for helpfiul discussions on earlier drafts. The Strategic Management Program at Stanford Business School provided financial support. / ~‘N ~ Abstract This article surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on mechanisms that confer advantages and disadvantages on first-mover firms. Major conceptual issues are addressed, and recommendations are given for future research. Managerial implications are also considered. INTRODUCTION What, exactly, are first-mover advantages? Under what conditions do they arise, and by what specific mechanisms? Do first-movers make aboveaverage profits? And when is it in a firm’s interest to pursue first-mover opportunities, as opposed to allowing rivals to make the pioneering investments? In this paper we examine these and other related questions. We categorize the mechanisms that confer advantages and disadvantages on first-mover firms, and critically assess the relevant theoretical and empirical literature. The recent burgeoning of theoretical work in industrial economics provides a rich set of models that help make our understanding of first-mover advantages more precise. There is...
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