...Reviews: Adolescent Addiction Gambling Shortens This Life Span by Valdora L Avery Mrs. Linda Vesey-Gutierrez MA FST 613 Spring Arbor University-Detroit February 15-2013 Categories of Studies 1. Conceptualization of Adolescent Gambling Types A. Research on Adolescent Population 13-22 years old B. Cross-Cultural Studies 2. Level specific Gambling/Adolescent Prevention Strategies A. Gambling regulation enforcement B. Gambling Adolescence behavior 3. Spectrum gambling impact on the Adolescent Life Span Category 1: Edinete R. M., & Fudge. J., Urie Bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development: Its evolution from ecology to bioecology. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5, 243-250. (2013) Glass Q.V. & Few-Demo L.A. (2013). Complexities of informal social support arrangements for black lesbian couples. Family Relations Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies 62(5).714-724. (2013) Mamta, S., & Kari A., (2013). Siblings of individuals with disabilities: Reframing the literature through a bioecological lens. Journal of Family theory & Review, 5, 300-312. (2013) Swenson. S & Lakin.C. A wicked problem: Can government be fair to families living with disabilities. Family Relations Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies 63(1), 185-198. (2014) Wehmeyer. L.M. (2014). Self-determination: A family affair. Family Relations: Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies...
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...Phobias and Addictions Paper Osvaldo L Mercado University of Phoenix Classical Conditioning refers to a procedure by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits that response.” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011) The unconditioned stimulus or ‘US”, is an occurrence which causes an innate, involuntary response or reaction. When someone smells a favorite food cooking they most oftentimes begin to feel hungry; in this scenario the unconditioned stimulus, is the aroma of the food. The feeling of hunger in relation to the aroma of the food is referred to as the unconditioned response or “UR”; once again, the term unconditioned means that this is a naturally occurring reaction which has not been learned by the individual who experiences the feelings of hunger. In regards to phobias, theories of classical conditioning can be applied due to the fact that most irrational fears are learned by association and with the introduction of a stimulus which would otherwise not cause a reaction i.e. a neutral stimulus. There are thousands of documented phobias from the world, most are believed to have developed due to a response from a negative environment that the individual encountered at one point in life. According to the American Psychiatric Association (2012). Symptoms of a phobia include the following: * Recognition that the fear goes beyond normal boundaries and the actual threat of danger * Reactions...
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...The disease model of addiction describes an addiction as a lifelong disease that involves both biological and environmental sources of origin. The disease model originates from the traditional medical model of disease which states that an individual suffering from a disease has an illness or sickness that causes interruption, cessation, or disorder of bodily functions, systems or organs and must have identifiable signs and symptoms (Gorski, 2001). The contemporary medical model attributes addiction to changes in the brains mesolimbic system and also takes into consideration that the disease may be a result of other biological, psychological, or social entities (Disease model of addiction, 2011). Within the disease model of addiction, it is believed that a genetic predisposition to addiction exists, in addition to the occurrence of some environmental events that increase the likelihood that this predisposition will be sparked. Within the overall concept of the disease model of addiction, there are various specific disease models that concentrate on the specific areas of the disease concept. For example, the medical consequences model focuses on the many biomedical consequences of alcohol and drug use. This model simply focuses on the biological etiology and consequences of drug and alcohol consumption. The bio-psycho-social-spiritual consequences maintenance disease model is much richer than the biomedical consequences model because the concentration is on biological, psychological...
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...Behavioral Theory of Addiction Contrasted With Moral and Disease Theories Theory and Practice in Addiction Counseling The behavioral model of addiction emphasizes conditioning as the primary reason for substance abuse. The individual chooses whether or not to engage in substance-using behavior depending on what they get out of the experience, relative to other options they have. If the substances are more rewarding than other activities within the person’s environment, then the behavior will continue. If this situation reverses, then extinction of the behavior is expected due to lack of reinforcement. Although social and economic context are recognized as factors in substance use, they are not primary causes of the behavior, nor is the presence of a comorbid psychological or medical condition. Interventions are based on the idea that an addicted person wants or expects certain results from substance use, and also wants certain outcomes in other areas of life. These objectives, wants, or needs are referred to as rewards, or reinforcers, in behavioral conditioning. The individual sets the economy of reward by weighing the relative value-cost of engaging in substance using behaviors. Immediacy of consequences, whether positive or negative reinforcement, or actual punishment, is a factor in this internal economy. If punishment for the behavior becomes stronger than the perceived benefits of continuing it, then there is economy of reward to motivate change, or discontinuation...
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...During my career as a practitioner in the substance abuse area of behavioral health, where Cognitive Behavior Therapy is the primary approach to treatment. It is imperative for the practitioner to comprehend and institute the concepts regarding to CBT approach to addictions treatment. When I was first provided and granted with the opportunity to facilitating groups, Existential Therapy applications was the primary approach that was being applied, where I truly wasn’t prepared to facilitate groups base on my lack of acknowledged with applying the applications of any theory. It was only after given the prospects of developing addictions’ program for inpatient adolescents unit, I strongly suggested to the director that it was imperative for...
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...Technology Addiction: Applied to Online Auction Users The “MIS Quarterly” magazine article titled; “Integrating Technology Addiction and Use: An Empirical Investigation of Online Auction Users,” explores the relatively new phenomena of technology addiction. The article starts out by laying down a thick foundation of previously known information that was taken into account during the study that they performed. This information introduces the reader to the Technology acceptance model (TAM) which is important in this study because it can help to define and explain how technology usefulness and ease of use influence system usage. This understanding of how and why systems are used is then necessary to find a point at which they are overused and addiction is present. Then the article goes on to define Technology Addiction, which has not previously been defined, as a psychological state of maladaptive dependency on the use of a technology to such a degree that would fall under “normal” addiction levels; some of these addiction measures are salience, withdrawal, and tolerance. The purpose of this study as defined by the article is to examine whether or not users’ levels of addiction, to online auction websites (in this case Ebay), influence their need to use information technologies by distorting various perceptions. The reason this study focuses primarily on online auctions is because trying to conduct a study on technology as a mass would be way to overwhelming and instead it needs...
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...Stages of Change Model • Stages of Change Theory The Stages of Change Model was originally developed in the late 1970's and early 1980's by James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente at the University of Rhode Island when they were studying how smokers were able to give up their habits or addiction. Addiction: The negative end state of a syndrome (of neurobiological and psychosocial causes) resulting in continued or increasing repetitive involvement despite consequences and conscious efforts to discontinue the behavior. Addiction to any particular substance or behavior is seen mainly as a matter of personal vulnerability, exposure and access, and the capacity to produce a desirable shift in mental state. This definition was originally formulated by Howard J. Shaffer, Ph.D., C.A.S.Harvard Medical School, Division on Addictions. The SCM model has been applied to a broad range of behaviors including weight loss, injury prevention, overcoming alcohol, and drug problems among others. The idea behind the SCM is that behavior change does not happen in one step. Rather, people tend to progress through different stages on their way to successful change. Also, each of us progresses through the stages at our own rate. So expecting behavior change by simply telling someone, for example, who is still in the "pre-contemplation" stage that he or she must go to a certain number of AA meetings in a certain time period is rather naive (and perhaps counterproductive) because they are not ready...
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...Addiction as it Relates to Classical and Operant Conditioning Social phobia is also known as social anxiety which is a persistent phobia from negative assessment of others. Most people suffering from this type of phobia or social anxiety would turn to drugs and alcohol to lessen the anxiety (Lak, Sedaghat, and Almadv, & 2012), and then the self-medicated or self with illegal drugs leads to addiction. The paper essay will focus phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditional. Phobia is an irrational fear of a specific object or situation. Phobias can be developed through classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is learning by stimulus from the environment. In layman’s term, a toddler learns that a pot on the stove is hot and should not be touch. The toddler then develop phobia that hot stove burn the skin and as a result stay away from it. Following Pavlov’s observations, John Watson a behaviorist and his associate Rosalie Rayner (1920) did studies on how classical conditioning relates to phobias. Watson and Rayner selected a white rat to be in their experiment and proceeded to condition a fear response in Little Albert and each time Albert would reach out to touch the rat, they struck the steel bar. After doing this a few times, Albert learned to fear the rat. This is all true in adults as well because I have a friend who goes in panic when they see the police or anything that is connected to the police. If he hears a police siren,...
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...The Disease of Drug Addiction Joanne Frye HSER 340 Abstract Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive seeking and use of addictive substances despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her. Introduction Dramatic advances in science over the past 20 years have shown that drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disease that results from the prolonged effects of drugs on the brain. (Leshner, 1997) It is considered a brain disease because drugs change the brain structure and how the brain works. (Volkow and Schelbert, 2007) As with many other brain diseases, addiction has embedded behavioral and social-context aspects that are important parts of the disorder itself. Therefore, the most effective treatment approaches will include biological, behavioral, and social-context components. Recognizing addiction as a chronic, relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use can impact society’s overall health and social policy strategies and help diminish the health and social costs associated with drug abuse and addiction (Leshner, 1997). Addiction as a Disease For decades, the orthodox view in neuroscience and psychiatry has been that addiction is a psychiatric disease (Jellinek, 1960). In 1968 it was included in the second revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, positioning it explicitly as a mental illness for the purpose diagnosis and treatment...
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...homeless male alcoholics desperate for money would take unapproved drugs for payments of up to $4,500 a month, a warm bed, food, and good medical care. To make sure that these individuals are not exploited, the FDA requires that individuals participating in these tests give their “informed consent” and make a “truly voluntary and uncoerced decision.” (P. No. 73). This creates an ethical issue because people question whether being broke, homeless, and an alcoholic can have an effect on making an uncoerced decision. On the other hand, people would argue that these homeless men were given the chance to become addiction free, they would receive other benefits, and they were helping to get a drug approved that could be used to potentially save thousands of lives. This is a complex case involving an ethical issue, but the utilitarianism theory and rights theory can be applied to...
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...more on the addiction, the psychological effects and how it effects on learning. This study will show the reasons of addiction to this game. How violent gaming can effect to the mental and emotional state of people. The effects of these games to learning, if it’s good or bad. If these games are changing the system of learning. To see if it enhances learning. Introduction The popularity of internet has affected every aspect of human beings’ lives. With over 70 million registered users worldwide, 23.5 million daily active players and an incredible 10 games started every second, the game League of Legends is eye-poppingly massive. However, some negative effects are emerging at the same time, most noticeably the effect of internet addiction. Here we will focus on why people are addicted. If it’s good or bad depending on people. The psychological effects of playing video games on people. The effects may be different person to person. Learning maybe effected by video games. Positively or negatively, it has its effects and this study explains on it. MOBAS Addiction Addiction is defined by the Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (1999) as “a dependence, on a behavior or substance that a person is powerless to stop.” The term addiction is used to define a medical condition where an individual is dependent on a substance. (Horvath 2004) posits that addiction can be applied to all types of excessive behavior. Gaming addiction is highly...
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...What is an addiction? Addictions are a collection of thoughts, feelings and behavious that together present a syndrome that causes a person problems and is represented in a series of mental illness diaganoses. Addictions are characterised by an inability to stop or reduce a particular behaviour/substance, despite wanting to and despite the behaviour/substance resulting in negative consequences. They are associated with severe negative consequences for the addict and those close to them. There is currently a distinction in research between chemical based addictions (i.e. the use or abuse of a substance) and behavioural addictions, also called impulse control disorders, although their underying aspects are almost identical. Chemical addictions have been researched for longer and more is known about them. The abuse of substance(s) can disrupt an otherwise healthy life and cause severe physical damage and in many cases leads to an early death due to physical damage sustained from the substance. Non-chemical addictions, also called behavioural addictions such as pathological gambling often result in severe financial hardship, damage to long fostered social relationships, including family. and can involve criminal prosecutions, as can chemical addictions. Although I have used the term addiction in this website, its use is contentious in professional and academic communication as its meaning often differs across contexts and can be imprecise. Instead, terms such as 'pathological...
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...will define addiction through people's answers in the survey, if they think of themselves as television addicts, and what individuals want to get out of watching television (social interaction or to escape reality for a brief period.) The interviewees will add insight into the direction of the study and they will define television addiction and the level of television that will be a concern (addiction). Through the study more than half the subjects agreed that television has addicting powers, but it lacks withdrawal affects and it doesn't cause harm instantly it should be classified separately from other addictions. Through the results of the study were not conclusive. The people who thought of themselves as addicted the types of programs they watched varied along with their backgrounds. Further studies will have to be done to draw any correlations. Introduction With the amount of television stations broadcasting in the United States alone, there is no lack of programming or genre to watch. With how society views television as a norm and how individuals watch television every day it is important to understand why some individuals watch too much television and to understand their reasoning and logic behind it. It is also important to understand if television addiction is a mental state of mind or if television programs/channels make a product that is addicting and hard to resist. The study of television addiction is important for a few reasons. One, addiction should be considered...
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...used in sacrifices as in the biblical account of Abraham’s intent to sacrifice his son Isaac.” (Crosson-Tower, 2013) Other biblical references include a scripture from Proverbs paraphrased commonly as “spare the rod and spoil the child” which is often used to support one’s opinion on the corporal punishment of children. The way parents choose to discipline their children can be shaped and developed at an early age in their own youth or by their ability or inability to cope in their roles as an adult and as a parent. The outcome and treatment of children also fares on the outcome and state of their parents lives. Neglect and abuse can be side effects of trouble and problems in and outside the home. Symbolic Interactionism is a social theory that uses symbols to explain the way people view the world. Symbols are developed through experiences and interactions in our own lives and we determine our approach to problems, situations and interactions based on the meanings of these symbols. Gaining an understanding of the meaning a behavior has for an individual helps us to understand each other better. This could help to understand what the individual considers for themselves to be...
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...Family Counseling Theory Family therapy in a nutshell is a form of therapy in which the counselor works with the entire family at once instead of individual members. Often, a family therapist will even reschedule a session if one or more members of the family aren't present. The essential theory behind family therapy is that a family is a system made up of parts and a problem with one of the parts affects the entire system. Families try to maintain stability, if one member of the family does anything out of the "norm" for that particular family; the other members of that family will fight against him or her to bring things back the way they used to be. This is problematic, especially if one member of the family is in therapy and learns new coping styles, yet the family is fighting their healthy changes. The theory that will be addressed is that of Virginia Satir. Virginia Satir was considered the Mother of Family Therapy. (Wikipedia) Satir is a Wisconsin native raised on a farm in Neillsville. At an early age, Satir was intrigued by the family and she knew intuitively that there was more that went on in families than was apparent to the naked eye. Her family moved to Milwaukee, WI in order for her to attend high school. Later she attended the Milwaukee State Teachers College, which is now called University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Satir went on to publish Conjoint Family Therapy, Peoplemaking and The New Peoplemaking (Margarita Suarez/Virginia Satir Global Network) just...
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