...Leadership Theories There are successful leaders and then there are leaders who fail. Some people think of it as luck, but the truth is that there is no out of the world combination of characteristics that make some leaders successful. Often different characteristics matter at different situations. So what makes a great leader? Is it the personality traits of people or characteristics of the situation that makes people better than others? Studies conducted to find out how exactly certain people excel in their positions have given birth to a number of formal leadership theories. In this paper I will discuss about three different leadership theories; behavioral theories, contingency theories, and power & influence theories. Behavioral Theories As the name suggests behavioral theories emphasis on how leaders behave. For example; some leaders get involved with their team and some dictate terms in decision making. According to Kendra Cherry “Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born” (para 9). This particular theory mainly focuses on the actions of leaders. An assumption of this theory is that people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Three types of leaders can be identified under the behavioral theory; I. Autocratic leaders II. Democratic leaders III. Laissez-faire leaders A study conducted by the Ohio State University, have found two groups...
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...IBM Leadership University of Phoenix COM/530 COMMUNICATIONS FOR ACCOUNTANTS August 27, 2012 Mark Durand IBM’s operations consist of two major components, technological research and development, and consulting services. “Its core values are dedication to every client’s success, innovation that matters, for our company and for the world, and trust and personal responsibility in all relationships.” (Palamisano, 2003) Taking both major operations into account, the leadership style employed can greatly influence the alignment of these values with its practices. In every organization, the utilization of the concepts outlined in transformational leadership, where leaders, “inspire followers to transcend their self-interest for the good of the organization,” and the Socialized Charismatic Leadership Theory, “leadership that conveys other centered (not self-centered) values by leaders who model ethical conduct,” (Robbins and Judge, 2011) would provide significant benefits to the organization. These theories however require the sole conviction of the individual. They are not necessarily an actionable theory of leadership in that every member of an organization should at all times be demonstrating the characteristics stated above. Of the actionable leadership theories, much good can come from employing the Path Goal Theory which says that “it’s the leader’s job to provide followers with the information, support...
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...Leadership, Teambuilding, and Communication BUS 322 – Organizational Behavior Dr. John Theodore Prepared by Richard Winland 27 February 2014 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show how leadership, teambuilding, and communication affect an organization. The organization that was researched for this paper is The United States Navy. This paper will also examine contemporary, traditional, , and emerging leadership theories which will describe the best leadership characteristics in terms of leadership style. We will discuss interpersonal forms of power, showing how the characteristics impact performance. Organizational stress will be examined to determine the likely impact on performance as well as how they can be addressed. Potential sources of conflict within the group or unit and communication barriers will be discussed to show how they impact the organization. Traditional, Contemporary, and Emerging Leadership Theories There are many different types of leadership styles from traditional, contemporary and emerging theories. The traditional styles of leadership are autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. An autocratic, is most typically a type of leader who has a negative stereotype of subordinates and perceives them as lazy, irresponsible, etc., tends to lead by control and coercion. The democratic leadership style is much different from an autocratic leader where a leader who has a more positive attitude toward subordinates...
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...Assignment 3: Leadership, Teambuilding and Communication Anna Miller June 15, 2013 Professor Janet Largaespada Strayer University Leadership in organization is the process of guiding and directing people’s behavior in a work environment. There are three Leadership Theories, Contemporary, Traditional, Emerging Theories and Interpersonal forms of power. Traditional Leadership was defined by Max Weber as three leadership styles, charismatic, bureaucratic and traditional. Traditional Leadership Theory is the ability to use power and influence in order lead. This power is given to the leaser based on tradition of the past. Decision making abilities and willingness to act are also important skills for the Traditional leader. Followers are usually loyal to the position and what it represents rather than who holds the position. Other traits are an ability to take action and give energy toward realizing the objectives and goals. The efforts are achieving what is expected and results are the important evidence of success. The down falls of a Traditional Leadership are new ideas are not always welcomed, the Traditional leader is usually the source for all new ideas and the way business are operating. The employees grow very frustrated for not having a say in the way things are being ran. Frequently these employees leave when a better opportunity arises. An example of Traditional leadership in current times is king, dictators, the...
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...1. The main objective of the contingency theory of leadership is to choose a leadership approach which matches the characteristics of the employees and A. attitude towards their company B. work setting C. need to make more money D. willingness to perform the desired tasks Correct : The contingency theory of leadership occurs when a leader approaches his or her responsibilities by matching the characteristic of his or her employees with the work setting. Materials The Contingency Theory of Leadership 2. Based on the contingency theory of leadership, the leadership approach a manager should choose is contingent on two factors. Which of the following is one of these factors? A. The need for attention B. The need for friendship C. The need of achievement D. The need of understanding Correct : The need of achievement is one of two employee contingencies and relates to the employee’s desire to excel at a certain activity. The other need is the skills and knowledge an employee needs to accomplish their job (Jones, 2007, p. 183). Materials Types of Contingencies 10. Which of the four leadership approaches would incorporate employee involvement with scheduling and the daily operation? A. Directive approach B. Supportive approach C. Participative approach D. Achievement-oriented approach Correct : The participative approach incorporates in work schedules, encourages suggestions and consulting with employees, encourages proactive...
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...Part-A Objective Questions 1. The two distinct dimensions of leadership behavior, job-centered and employee-centered was developed by a. IOWA studies b. Michigan studies c. Ohio state university studies d. Situational leadership e. Hawthorne studies 2. --------------- is a process by which people come to know about and understand each other a. Social perception b. Self perception c. Perceptual distortion d. perceptual selectivity e. Halo effect 3. Blake and Mouton’s contribution to leadership studies is a. Trait approach b. Path-goal model c. Managerial grid d. group approach e. individual approach 4. “Leaders and followers raise one another to higher level of morality and motivation” describes a. Situational leadership b. Transactional leadership c. Transformational leadership d. charismatic leadership e. referent leader 5. The potential ability to influence behaviour to change the course of events, to overcome resistance and to get people do things that they would not otherwise do is a. Power b. Control c. Motivation d. authority e. delegation 6. The power that comes by virtue of fact that the person holds a position is a. Reward power b. Referent power c. legitimate power d. legal power e. political power 7. -------------- refers to the use of deceit in relationship and manipulating others. ...
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...Leadership, Teambuilding, and Communication BUS 322 December 14, 2012 Abstract This paper is about how leadership, teambuilding, and communication can affect an organization. The organization that was researched for this paper is The College Board. This paper also shows how to be a good leader and implement the right leadership style for the organization. There are different types of interpersonal forms of power and it is important to outline what type to use in each organization. This also shows the conflicts that arise when being in a team setting and how to overcome them with different conflict management styles. There are communication barriers that can arise in an organization and this shows how overcome those barriers. This paper is showing the different things that come up in an organization and tries to make the best recommendations for The College Board to manage it the right way. Leadership theories and forms of power Leadership has many different theories from the traditional and contemporary to the emerging theory. According to Nelson and Quick (2013) “Leadership in organizations is the process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment.” (p. 193) The behavioral theory is a traditional theory that identifies people with leadership styles. The three behavioral styles are autocratic, democratic, and laissaz-faire. Autocratic style of leadership is when a manager has absolute power or authority over their employees. The...
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...Leadership Styles & Approaches 1. Charismatic Leadership- Describes follower perceptions that the leader is endowed with exceptional qualities. Have a strong need for power, high self-confidence, and a strong conviction in their beliefs and ideals. Expresses strong positive emotion such as enthusiasm and optimism to influence followers. Leaders who use authority to implement an innovative strategy for attaining important objectives may gain more expert power if the strategy is successful, but unless they articulate an ideological vision to justify the strategy, they are unlikely to appear charismatic. The leader's methods for attaining the idealized goal must differ from conventional ways of doing things in order to impress followers that the leader is extraordinary. Charismatic leaders are more likely to emerge in crisis situations where people are worried about economic loss, physical danger, or threats to core values. Charismatic leaders tend to make more risky decisions that can result in a serious failure, and they tend to make enemies who will use such a failure as an opportunity to remove the leader from office. 2. Transformational Leadership- Describes how effective leaders inspire and transform followers by appealing to their ideals and emotions. Appeals to moral values of followers in an attempt to raise their consciousness about ethical issues. Transformational behaviors include Idealized influence, Individualized consideration, Inspirational motivation...
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...What is the core argument of contingency theories of organizations? Discuss giving examples from at least one such theory. Evaluate the claims of this theory and assess its relevance for organizations today. Organizations operate in many different environments and it is vital to assess how they influence their structures. Effective and efficient organizing has become increasingly important in the modern world characterized by rapid changes. Contingency approaches emphasize that in order for organizations to succeed they must adopt a structure suitable for the environment in which they operate. There are many forms of contingency theory. In general, contingency theories are a class of behavioral theory that claim that there is no best way to organize a corporation and the organizational structure of the company. An organizational or leadership style that is effective in some situations may not be successful in others. Therefore, the best way of organizing the company, is contingent upon the internal and external situation of the company. External environments influence organizations in a varied number of ways. Critical external factors include, but are not limited to, the size of the organization, labor markets, availability and cost of capital, competitors, governmental laws and policies, managerial assumptions about employees, strategies, technologies used, etc. The main ideas of contingency theory are: * There is no universal or one best way to manage * The design of organizations...
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...A Stakeholder Model of Organizational Leadership Author(s): Marguerite Schneider Source: Organization Science, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Mar. - Apr., 2002), pp. 209-220 Published by: INFORMS Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3085994 Accessed: 30/07/2010 02:12 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=informs. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. INFORMS is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Organization Science. http://www.jstor.org A ...
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...successful progression of the organization. Effect of Different leadership styles on communication in Starbucks Many leadership styles contribute to the success or failure of an organization. Leadership styles can affect the way that a company functions. Framing is used in all leadership styles so that others will see a situation they way it is seen by a leader. “Framing is a way to use language to manage meaning. It’s a way for leaders to influence how events are seen and understood” (Robbins & Judges, 2007, p. 430). Starbucks finds that it is important for the organization and the people that work within the company as well as the consumers to have an emotional connection to leadership within the organization. With this type connection the leaders value trust and faith between the leader and the ones being led. There are a few leadership styles that can affect a company’s vision and mission. These include transformational leadership, participative, and charismatic. First, “Transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the organization and are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on their followers” (p. 437). This type of leader is good for communication at Starbucks because the leader focuses not on his or her own gains but on the concerns of the organization and the people within as a whole. As stated by Tomlinson (2009), Starbucks leadership approach is to involve and engage employees and make them feel...
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...Southwest Airlines: Leadership Matters Latrice Alston University of Phoenix COM 530: Communication for Accountants Tonya Boddie September 12, 2012 Southwest Airlines: Leadership Matters Leadership styles affect the way organizations function and interact with employees, consumers, and business partners. Leaders develop a style of communicating based many times on experience. Southwest Airlines, a leader in the airline industry has enjoyed unparalleled success due to its business plan and dynamic leadership. For Southwest Airlines, senior management places great emphasis on employees realizing satisfied employees are pivotal to the success the organization has and will continue to experience. Effective leaders are critical to advancing the vision and mission of the organization. Southwest Airlines continues to make strides in the airline industry based the strategic vision of management. Southwest’s mission to provide excellent customer service delivered in with warmth, friendliness and pride is the mantra of the organization. Leadership comes with a price and those tasked with leading must be able to balance both the mission of the organization and the needs of employees. Unlike other organizations Southwest Airlines, due to the multi-faceted leadership style has a very low rate of negative attrition. Factors impacting attrition within organization can most time be attributed to the way organizations are managed. Having weathered...
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...1. Power and difference b/w power and influence. Ans. According to Robbins and Judge, “Power is a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes.”(2015).The most important aspect of the power is that is a function of dependency. The greater the B’s dependence on A, the greater is A’s power in relationship. For example, if you want a college degree and have to pass a certain course to get it, and your current instructor is the only faculty member in the college who teaches that course, he or she has a power over you. Influence: the capacity or power of persons or things to be a compelling force on or produce effects on the actions, behavior, opinions, etc., of others (dictionary.com). 2. What is leadership and how does it differ from management? Ans. Leadership: According to Robbins and Judge,” Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals.”(2014) the source of this influence may be formal, such as that provided by managerial rank in an organization. But not all leaders are managers, nor are all managers leaders. On the other hand, management is defined as the act or skill of controlling and making decisions about a business, department, sports team, etc.(Robbins &Judge,2014) Difference between leadership and management are: All organizations need strong leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness. We need leaders to challenge the status...
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...corporate leader, leading director, chief executive leader, shop floor leader, finance leader. I do see advertisements for head of function, general manager, senior manager, corporate executive, managing director, chief executive officer, shop floor supervisor, and finance manager. Is it purely semantics? Just words, or is there a meaning behind the words? I think that there is meaning. And I think that there is a different meaning to leader and manager. And that there is a need for different types of leadership in different types of change. This means that there are actually fewer common threads in this chapter. So unlike other chapters, this assignment will separately address the different ways of leading the four main types of change. The aim of this unit is to develop the skills and knowledge needed for working with and leading others, through understanding the importance of recruiting the right people for the job. What is the difference between management and leadership? It is a question that has been asked more than once and also answered in different ways. The biggest difference between managers and leaders is the way they motivate the people who work or follow them, and this sets the tone for most other aspects of what they do. Many people, by the way, are both. They have management...
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...WORKING PAPER Cultural Perceptions of Community Leadership and Participation in Health Improvement Efforts in Indonesia By J. Douglas Storey Linda C. Kenney Paper presented to the Intercultural/Development Communication and Health Communication Divisions of the International Communication Association 54th Annual Conference New Orleans, LA MAY 2004 The STARH (Sustaining Technical Achievements in Reproductive Health) Program is a fiveyear program funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement No. 497-A-00-00-00048-00, effective August 22, 2000. The program is implemented by Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs. Any part of this document may be reproduced or adapted to meet local needs without prior permission provided the material is made available free or at cost. Any commercial reproduction requires prior permission from STARH. Permission to reproduce materials, which cite a source other than STARH, must be obtained directly from the original source. The analysis and opinions expressed in this report are, unless otherwise stated, those of the authors, and are not necessarily endorsed by the STARH Program or any of its partners, or by USAID. This report is a STARH Working Paper. Working Papers are distributed to facilitate the use of data, create awareness of an issue, or to advice on a current policy issue. Working Papers are usually not finished products. Users are encouraged to check with STARH to see if the re...
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