...CHAPTER 6 MOTIVATING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH REWARDS Goal Setting and Motivation Goal Setting is a very useful method of enhancing employee performance. From a motivational perspective, a goal is meaningful objective. Goals are used for two purposes in most organization. ▪ They provide a useful framework for managing motivation. ▪ Goals are effective control device (control meaning the monitoring by management of how well the organization is performing. Goal Setting-Theory Edwin Locke’s goal setting theory of motivation assumes that behavior is a result of conscious goals and intentions. In the original version of goal setting theory has two specific characteristic that were expected to share performance. ▪ Goal Difficulty – is the extent to which goal is challenging and requires effort. ▪ Goal Specificity – is the clarity and precision of the goal. Locke’s attracted much widespread interest and research support from both researchers and managers; so Locked together with Gary Latham, eventually proposed an expanded model of goal-setting process. The expanded model, attempts to capture more fully the complexities of goal setting in organization. • Goal Acceptance is the extent to which a person acts a goal as his or her own. • Goal Commitment is the extent to which a person is personally interested in reaching a goal. Figure: The Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation Broader Perspectives on Goal...
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...(CLOZE EXERCISES) BEED-III CLOZE EXERCISES * THE CLOZE IS A PROCEDURE IN WHICH READER ATTEMPTS TO ANTICIPATE MEANING FROM CONTEXT AND TO ACCURATELY SUPPLY THE DELETED WORDS FROM A MESSAGE.\ * IN ACLOZE EXERCISE THE WORD IS DELETED. IN THE EXERCISES THAT FOLLOW, THE SEVENTH WORD IS DELETED. * TO BE ABLE TO ANSWER A CLOZE EXERCISE, ONE MUST BE ABLE TO USE CONTEXT CLUES (SEMANTIC AND SYNTACTIC). ONE’S RESPONSES IN A CLOZE EXERCISE SHOW TO WHAT EXTENT THE SELECTION HAS BEEN UNDERSTOOD. * EXACT ANSWER ARE GENERALLY EXPECTED IN A CLOZE TEST. HOWEVER, SYNONYMS THAT FIT THE SELECTION ARE ALSO SOMETIMES ACCEPTED SUBJECT TO THE TEACHER. * The Bundle of sticks * Tandang Sora * Women Should Be Selfish (An Excerpt) By: Julie Y. Daza * Why the Simbang Gabi Is Held at Dawn * Poverty Part III Gathering and Organizing Information The study skills Reading skills learned must be put into practical use. When this is done, there is what may call functional reading. Functional Reading When you read your references in all areas like Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology, and Natural Sciences. NOTE TAKING * Is the recording of important items of information for future use. * The best notes are as brief as possible without missing any vital points. NOTE TAKING TECHNIQUEST he most comprehensive note taking systems require attention on your part. You must be alert enough in class to take legible, meaningful notes. You can rely on “ writing...
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...Some notes on case study methodology for Action COST project Draft (06-08-08) Salvador Parrado Table of contents CASE STUDIES AND THEIR RATIONALE 1 CASE STUDY DESIGN 2 Research question 2 Research objectives 3 Specification of variables 3 Case selection 3 Describing the variance in variables 3 Formulation of data requirements and general questions 3 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CASE STUDY DESIGN 3 Causal mechanisms and process tracing: clarification notes 3 Typological theory: clarification notes 3 APPENDIX - RESEARCH QUESTIONS FROM COST ACTION PARTICIPANTS 3 LITERATURE 3 CASE STUDIES AND THEIR RATIONALE This note sets some options for discussing a case study methodology for COST Action project -CRIPO. The note is subject to discussion (COST session in Rotterdam 5- September 2008) not only on the methodological aspects to be followed but also on the applied options for COST project. This section is devoted to justify the usefulness of case studies. Those who are already persuaded may skip it. Case studies are helpful in numerous ways. The definition offered by (Seawright and Gerring, 2008 p. 296) is useful: “the intensive (qualitative or quantitative) analysis of a single unit or a small number of units (the cases), where the researcher’s goal is to understand a larger class of similar units (a population of cases). There is thus an inherent problem of inference from the sample...
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...THE EFFECT OF PRICE PERCEPTION, PRODUCT QUALITY, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION, SERVICE QUALITY AND PROMOTION TOWARD CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISION Study on consumer of Larissa Aesthetic Center, Malang CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1.1 Purchase Decision Purchase decision is one part of the consumer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumers who buy goods and services for personal consumption. Every day consumers determine the various purchase options. Most of the large companies investigate consumer purchase decisions are so detailed to discover what consumers buy, where they buy , how and how much they buy , when they buy and why they buy. Marketing people can learn to do the actual purchase of consumers, but to investigate the causes of their buying behavior is not easy. The answer is often stored deep in the heads of consumers ( Kotler and Armstrong , 2001:195 ). Studying consumer behavior will provide guidance for the development of new products, product features, pricing, channel marketing, advertising messages and other marketing mix elements . The starting point for understanding the buyer behavior is stimulus response. Marketing and environmental stimuli began to enter the consciousness of buyers. Characteristics of buyers and decision process poses a particular purchase decision. The task of the marketer is to understand what happens in buyers awareness ranging from the stimulation from the outside to the emergence of a buyer...
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...Theoritical Framework Communication Channels * The medium selected by the sender through which the message travels to the receiver Types of Channels * Formal Channels * Are established by the organization and transmit messages that are related to the professional activities of members * Informal Channels * Used to transmit personal or social messages in the organization. These informal channels are spontaneous and emerge as a response to individual choices Direct of Communication Downward Communication is the communication that flows from one level of a group or organization to a lower level. Group leaders and managers use it to assign goals, provide job instructions, explain policies and procedures, point out problems that need attention, and feedback about performance. When engaging in downward communication, managers must explain the reason why a decision was made. Upward Communication flows to a higher level in the group or organization. It’s used to provide feedback to higher-ups, inform them of progress toward goals, and relay current problems. Upward communication keeps managers aware of employees feel about their jobs, co-worker, and the organization in general. Managers also rely on upward communication for ideas on how conditions can be improved. Lateral Communication Communication take place among members of the same work group, members of work groups at the same level, managers at the same level, or any other horizontally equivalent...
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...relations; but another extreme IR includes almost everything that has to do with human relations across the world. So,it is very important to study about this two different prespectives if we hope to understand about the rounded and knowledge of IR. The state system is the main point of reference both for traditional and for new approaches.There are debates about how we should conceptualize the state and different IR theories take somewhat different approaches.but,however the fact is that state and the state system remain at the center of academic analysis and discussion in IR. We Must be Alert to the fact that the sovereign state is a contested theoritical concept.there are many different answers about the question “What is the state?” ; “What is the state system?”. There are different answers is because depending on the theoritical approach adopted.None of the answers are stricktly speaking either correct or incorrect because the truth is, the state is a multifaceted and somewhat confusing entity. The state is have two different dimensions.it is divided into two broad categories. The first dimensions is the state as a government versus the state as a country. The state is the national government. It means, it is the highest governing authority in a country,it posseses internal sovereignity.that is the Internal Aspect of the state.Internal Aspect concern state-society relations.And,from the external Aspect is,both the government and the domestic society make up the state.the...
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...CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION TOWARDS HONDA ACTIVA -A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NILAMBUR The Project Report Submitted to the partial fulfillment of B.com Degree Programme (CCSS 2009 Admission) By ABDUL SHAMEER. P AZAJBCM018 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AMAL COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES, NILAMBUR 2012 DEPARTMETN OF COMMERCE AMAL COLLEGE OF ADVANCED STUDIES MYLADI, ERANHIMANGAD PO, NILAMBUR 679393 Certificate This is to certify that Mr. Abdul Shameer. P (Reg No AZAJBCM018), a student of sixth semester B.com Degree Programme has undertaken a project survey on Customer satisfaction towards Honda Activa under the supervision of Mr Abbas Vattoli, Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Amal College Nilambur from 12/12/2011 to 05/03/2012. The project work entitled “CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION TOWARDS HONDA ACTIVA -A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NILAMBUR” embodies the original work done by Mr Abdul shameer P during his above project period During the period his conduct was good and we wish him all success for his promising future. For Department of Commerce Dhanya. KA HOD of Commerce Amal College of Advanced Studies, Nilambur ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This Project Report entitled “CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION TOWARDS HONDA ACTIVA -A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NILAMBUR” has been prepared by me and I had under taken project survey under the supervision of Mr Abbas vattoli, Assistant Professor...
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... Materials Used for Final Sample Unidirectional Fibreglass Roving Araldite (epoxy) Properties of the Composite Taken from the book ”mechanics of composite materials” by Robert M. Jones E1 = 7.8 X 10^6 psi E2 = 2.6 X 10^6 psi G12 = 1.3 X 10^6 psi Xt = 150 X 10^3 psi = Xc Yt = 4 X 10^3 psi S = 6 X 10^3 psi Yc = 20 X 10^3 psi Formulae's used to Design Rate (N/mm) = K 2 G b t 3/ (N D 3) Stress (N/mm 2) = K 1 W D /( b t 2 ) * b = largest section dimension(mm) * t = Smallest Section dimension(mm) * K 1 = Shape Factor (see table) * K 2 = Shape Factor (see table) * C = Spring Index = D/(radial dimension = b or t) For b=t, K 1=2.41, K 2=0.18 Theoritical Parameters Obtained Square cross section Side = 10mm D(min) = 31mm D(mean) = 41mm Length = 127mm Compression max = 55mm K = 263 lb/in N = 5 active Initial Trial Used an aluminium core of 30 mm Dia. Used double sided tape to make the design Used fibreglass unidirectional roving Used unknown matrix material. Results Obtained Removal of spring from the core was very difficult. Matrix had dipped out of the spring. As very less matrix material was left in the spring it didn't perform its function. Changes made to the second sample Used araldite instead of unknown material As the matrix material(araldite) was very viscous it didnt sweep out. Used...
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...Financial markets development and bank risk: Experience from Thailand during 1990–2012 1. Introduction a) Origion of concept: The longitudinal study aims to understand the impact of the evolution of financial markets development bank behavior. The focus on Thailand during the period 1990–2012 b) Theoritical background: captures the events surroundingthe Asian financial crisis of 1997–19982and the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. c) Significance/ Importance: Several studies have highlighted the benefits and costs of financial markets development. Essentially, financial markets development is thought to lead to economic growth by providing firms with better access to financing, thereby promoting domestic investments. Financial markets development (e.g., changes in bank regulations) can also affect the way in which banks operate and behave which, in turn, may have either positive or negative ramifications for the health of the banking system and the stability of thefinancial system. d) Research objective: This paper adds to the literature by analyzing the changes in financial markets development and the changes in capitalization ratios of commercial banks in Thailand over the period 1990–2012. e) Research question/ Problem statement: During this period, there were two major financial crises – the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998 and the global financial crisis of 2007–2009 – both of which directly affected emerging market countries. While the former mainly...
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...Keywords: Health related behaviour, brief intervention, alcohol, stages of change, intervention mapping. ABSTRACT The health of people depends widely on their behaviour. Targeting unhealthy behaviours depends upon a number of factors since the health practitioner needs to take into account the beliefs, the intensity of the unhealthy behaviour, an individual’s readiness to change in order to design an appropriate intervention to help the individuals understand the risks of that particular behaviour thereby inducing change. Using alcohol consumption as a health related behavior, brief interventions for this behaviour have been explained, this is mainly due to the large success of brief interventions. Thus this essay critically discusses examples of brief interventions in order determine what contributes to a successful intervention. INTRODUCTION Every human’s health and well being is affected by health related behaviour often regarded as the foremost important element or factor. With the rapid advancement in science, diseases that were incurable, today can be treated and prevented easily. It is a well understood phenomenon that individuals are unique and are characterized by multidimensional behaviours. So in order to achieve positive outcomes in improving one’s health, appropriate behaviour needs to be promoted. There are variations in health-related behaviours in terms of duration, frequency and manner of impact on one’s health. Health-related behaviours can be single...
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...University Laboratory High School during School Year 2010-2011 in terms of: time of studying; plan of studying; place of studying; materials used for studying; purpose for studying; and drive for studying. The study used the Descriptive Method of research. The respondents were 42 fourth year students of ASU Laboratory High School, Banga, Aklan. The instrument used in gathering the data was in the form of a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was pre-tested to 10 fourth year high school students at the Aklan State University Laboratory High School. The validity was true content validation with three CTE faculty of Aklan State University, Banga, Aklan The following important findings were derived from the study: THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK One of the problems that beset our educational system is poor study habit. Several studies found this problem challenging and therefore, efforts have to be exerted in order to determine the root cause. According to Lass and Wilson (1965), student fails not because they do not have intelligence to understand why they are studying, not because their lessons are too difficult for them, but because they do not know how to study or understand what study means. Students’ failure in his academic subjects may not be to lack of intellectual capacity, but perhaps it may be due to negative attitude toward school or toward study or his not being able to posses good and efficient study habits. For the attainment of our goal to strengthen...
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...Katherine Johnson. During this time the African Americans are still widely discriminated against particular segregationist Virginia. The film offers a realistic tension of the Civil Right era where there were segregations of bathroom, libraries, schools, and facilities. These three women were excellent role models, they’re story is full of positive messages and theme including integrity, perseverance, teamwork, and communication. In the scene where the colored people had to set in the back of the bus because they are second class citizens and had to go to far so they could relieved themselves was outrageous in a way that make you think twice on what to do in order to be accepted in this kind of prejudice. Katherine assigned to theoritical math in a room full of men engineers and she even had been confused as the housekeeping at first. Dorothy struggles to be named supervisor of her group even when she already did what a supervisor supposed to do. Mary goes to court so she can go to graduate school for engineering. Hidden Figures affects daily lives among people even now. Every one of us has this bias, discrimination, to cultural issues and racism. This chaotic world is not the perfect place but by trying to be nice and not to be judgmental is the way to go. During the 50’s and 60’s era men had the voice over women. The patriarchal generations which was the gender inequality time. Men’s job were engineers, doctors, lawyers, etc. Women in the other hand were labeled...
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...A Graduate Research Report Submitted to Ace Institute of Management Pokhara University Submitted for the degree of Master of Business Administration Kathmandu Monday, March 28, 2011 Table of Content 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Objectives of the Study 2. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Research Question 2.2 Research Hypothesis 3. METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLING DESIGN 3.1 Types of Research 3.2 Sources of Data 3.3 Questionnaire Design 3.4 Sampling Design 4. DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Nepal Bank Limited is the oldest commercial bank of Nepal. It was established 1937 which marked the beginning of an era of formal banking in Nepal. From the very conception and its creation, Nepal Bank Ltd, was as joint venture between the government and the private sector. Out of 2500 equity shares of NRs. 100 face value, 40% was subscribed by the government and the balanced i.e. 60% was offered for the sale to private sector. There were only 10 shareholders when the bank first started. It can be said that Nepal Bank Limited has a history that is unequal to any in Nepal. It was the first one of its kind. It also served as the central bank of Nepal. It is, thus, safe to say that the history of banking sector in Nepal would be incomplete without mentioning Nepal Bank Limited. The service rendered by Nepal Bank to the country and its people is a great one- one that has no parallel. The banking industry...
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...Question 1 | | 0.25 / 0.25 points | APV = NPV (without expansion option) + Value of the expansion option. | | 1) True | | | 2) False | Question 2 | | 0.25 / 0.25 points | The owner of a professional sports franchise, looking to get a new stadium, would benefit from a put option if the deal falls through. | | 1) True | | | 2) False | Question 3 | | 0.25 / 0.25 points | If you write a put option, you acquire the right to buy stock at a fixed strike price. | | 1) True | | | 2) False | Question 4 | | 0.25 / 0.25 points | Risk-neutral approach is an application of the certainty equivalent method. | | 1) True | | | 2) False | MCQs (Theoritical) (0.25 mark) | Question 5 | | 0 / 0.25 points | Everything else remaining the same, an increase in fixed costs: I) increases the break-even point based on NPV II) increases the accounting break-even point III) decreases the break-even point based on NPV IV) decreases the accounting break-even point | | 1) | I and III only | | | | 2) | III and IV only | | | | 3) | II and III only | | | | 4) | I and II only | | Question 6 | | 0.25 / 0.25 points | The Chief Financial Officer (CFO of a corporation oversees): | | 1) | Treasurer's functions | | | | 2) | Controller's functions | | | | 3) | Both A and B | | | | 4) | None of the above | | Question 7 | | 0.25 / 0.25 points | Costs associated with the conflicts of interest between...
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