...For many years, leadership has been acknowledged as a key factor to success and leaders have been relied upon to lead man kind to a brighter future and a better life Northouse, P. G. (2012) . Lately it started to attract people’s attention for it’s critical role in success whether it be in business ,politics or life as a whole . People want to know what made leaders and how to develop the ability to lead ,they want to learn about what it takes to be a leader. Marturano, A., & Gosling, J. (Eds.). (2007). The perception of “Leadership” evolved with man as the years progressed and as the needs , the culture and the social environment changed ,the term was defined differently by many researchers , each conceptualizing...
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...employees are more likely to comply with leader requests and directions instead of just ignoring or subverting him or her. Path-Goal theory Path Goal Theory was developed to explain how the behavior of a leader can influence the satisfaction and performance of employees (Yukl, 2010). Leaders who use the path-goal theory approach use a motivation theory called expectancy theory. This theory is used to explain how a leader can influence the employees’ satisfaction and effort (Yukl, 2010). Path-Goal Leadership Path-goal leadership has four different leader behaviors supportive leadership, directive leadership, participative leadership and achievement-oriented leadership (Yukl, 2010). Supportive leadership is giving consideration to the needs of employees by displaying concern for their well-being, along with creating a friendly environment to work in. Directive leadership is letting employees know what is expected to do, giving guidance, asking employees to follow the rules and procedures and scheduling the work (Yukl, 2010). Participative leadership is talking with employees to receive their opinions and suggestions and achievement-oriented leadership involves setting goals, seeking performance improvements, rewarding excellence in performance, and showing confidence the employees can obtain high standards, which is more of my style. Directive leadership affects employees in many ways, such as effort can...
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...Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Leadership Theories Peggy MacIsaac University of Fredericton September 2013 1 Leadership Theories – EMBA7005 – Peggy MacIsaac Introduction Contingency Approaches to leadership theories have led to the development of two very important and effective leadership theories. The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory and the Path-Goal Leadership theory have been instrumental in guiding leaders as they learn to embrace how situational factors affect their selection of leadership style. The following will explore these two theories, look at their similarities and differences and the effectiveness of utilizing these approaches. Leadership Theories - Situational Leadership Theory: Situational Leadership Theory (short form for the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory) was created by management experts Dr. Paul Hersey, and Ken Blanchard. It became popular in the 1970’s/early 1980’s. This theory draws views mainly from contingency focused thinking. As the title implies, this theory focuses on the idea that leadership style is dependent on each unique situation and that there is no one perfect or optimum leadership style. The most important component of the situation is the characteristics of the follower and this is what determines the most effective leadership style. Situational Leadership Theory suggests that the style of leadership used in a situation revolves around the leader’s ability to accurately diagnose...
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...Leadership Theories Many different people attempt to take on the role of a leader but not many have the leadership skills needed to be a successful leader. Some have a natural talent of being leaders those are the ones you say were born to lead. Others are molded into leaders. Three motivational theories I chose to do research on are: Trait Theories Trait theories are based on the past and present characteristics of leaders. Trait theories help to examine the effectiveness of leadership skills helping to predict the success of a leader based on their known traits. Successful leaders definitely have interests, abilities, and personality traits that are different from those of the less effective leaders. Through many researches conducted in the last three decades of the 20th century, a set of core traits of successful leaders have been identified.("Trait Theory of Leadership" 2008-2012) Successful leaders show traits such as self confidence, honesty, integrity, charisma, knowledge of the business and high ambition. Being a leader does take a special skill set that not everyone posses. Leaders gain the respect of others and have that ability to influence others in doing as they communicate. A leader will set a path for his constituents and make sure that they stick to that path and successfully accomplish their mission. Countries such as the Middle East and Africa where men are the dominant leaders are examples of the trait theory. Behavioral Theories Unlike...
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...The leadership theory is probably the one that is more popularly applied in our school. It is implemented to create an environment that facilitates the goals and visions of a learning community. This theory is implemented to create an environment that facilitates the goals and vision of the learning community. Our leaders put a lot of emphasis on team work and encourage collaboration amongst teachers, which is important in an educational world that keeps on changing. Applying the leadership theory is a way for the school to respond to the rapid changes taking place with new technology, global economy, and diversity (www.abolrous.com, 2012). Leaders and followers that are part of the school setting know that each and every day, there are different challenges that have to be faced. All challenges are different from one another, and must be approached differently. Even though the contingency theory tends to focus mainly on the effects of situation on broad leadership styles and organizational forms, we must be concerned with the day-to-day leadership activity, not just broad styles of leadership or organizational structures or roles (Diamond, Halverson & Spillane, 2004). It is important that school leaders possess the ability to be able to solve the different day-to-day challenges that we are faced within the learning environment. In our school setting, leaders use the contingency theory approach. They are open to different leadership styles and theories that will promote students’...
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...Leadership Theory Mid Term Paper For this paper I decide to look at four of the leadership theories. The ones I chose are Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral. I will talk about the definitions of those four theories. Also I will discuss the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each. Leadership Theories There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the concept and practice of leadership; to me leadership is a dynamic and complex process. Per our text book leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will talk about simplify leadership into different theories. The first I will talk about is the Trait Theory. Trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. (Cherry, 2012) Also Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. (Cherry, 2012) Per our text book traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self confidence, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Success with this theory depends upon a number of variables and qualities...
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...Situational Approach. For over a century researchers have been trying to define what makes an effective or good leader, there are several theories with the most common question appearing to be are good or effective leaders born or bred. Our book, Leadership Theory and Practice, treats leadership as a complex process having multiple dimensions. (Northouse, 2013). The Trait Approach was identified as one of the earliest attempts to study leadership in the early 20th century. The characteristics traits of great political, military, and social leaders were studied and examined to identify qualities that clearly separated the leaders from the followers. The concept that leaders were born with these trait and only the “great” people possessed them. (Bass, 1990; Jago, 1982). Stogdill (1948, 1974) in his first study identified that the average individual who was in a leadership role posses the following eight (8) traits which separated them from the average group member: Intelligence Alertness Insight Responsibility Initiative Persistence Self confidence Sociability The person who posses these traits is not automatically a leader, and a person who is a leader in one situation may not be the leader in a different situation. Stogdill’s second study in 1974, identified the following ten (10) traits that are positively associated with leadership: Drive for responsibility and task completion; Vigor and persistence in pursuit of goals; Risk taking and originality in problem solving; ...
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...Leadership Theories and Styles IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009 Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory • Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926) Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937 • Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB – Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition • Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938) Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960) • Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion...
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...Leadership Theories and Styles IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009 Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory • Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926) Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937 • Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB – Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition • Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938) Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960) • Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion...
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...Running head: Applying Leadership Theories Applying Leadership Theories in the School Setting Teresa E. McNair Grand Canyon University: EDA-574 September 28, 2011 Applying Leadership Theories in the School Setting As many of us already know, there are several variables in creating a successful school. A successful organization has one major attribute that sets it apart from unsuccessful organizations dynamic and effective leadership (Hersey, Blanchard, & Johnson, 2008). Leadership is defined as the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward reaching goal achievement in a given situation (Hersey, Blanchard, & Johnson, 2008). For the past three decades, education has been going through a sustained period of reform and restructuring (Razik & Swanson, 2010). With these changes, leadership styles must undergo changes to keep up with the needs of the global society (Razik & Swanson, 2010). Experts do not agree on one leadership style or theory that should be implemented to achieve success. Many have decided that a combination of different theories based on needs will yield the best result. This essay will depict how different leadership theories apply to my school (Forest High School) setting as reflected from the leader’s behavior and actions. Applying Leadership Theories Individuals’ interest in leadership increased during the early part of the twentieth century. Early leadership theories focused on what qualities...
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...Leadership Style and Theory Sarah Spencer LDR/531 August 31, 2015 John Bevell Leadership Style and Theory Many people believed leaders were born with inherited traits, but over time leaders became understood as being developed through learned behaviors, skills, and style. The different theories and styles of a leader discussed throughout this paper as well as the leadership styles identified. The leadership theories are defined. Finally the results of the mentor meeting focusing on leadership style detailed in this paper. Leadership Style The six styles of leadership discussed are an ambassador, advocate, people mover, truth-seeker, creative builder, and experienced guide. An ambassador is a style that makes a leader comfortable in most situations (Galford and Maruca, 2011). This style can defuse situations, and is less likely to start conflict for their benefit (Galford and Maruca, 2011). They are good at assessing, developing, and helping others understand what is expected (Galford and Maruca, 2011). An advocate instinctively acts as the spokesperson (Galford and Maruca, 2011). Their main skills are articulate, rational, logical, and persuasive (Galford and Maruca, 2011). This leadership style uses both linear and nonlinear approaches (Galford and Maruca, 2011). People movers instinctively take the lead (Galford and Maruca, 2011). They have characteristics such as talent-spotter, motivator, career-builders, and nurturing (Galford and Maruca, 2011). People...
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...Abstract It’s not only Western enterprises that expand globally, enterprises from emerging countries are doing the same more and more organizations are expanding from a local to a global market space. Especially India is establishing itself as economic center and is rapidly becoming the new global economic superpowers. An understanding of local culture and how it affect Western leadership practices and behavior is key in order to become a successful leader, as Western enterprises continues to establish themselves into these emerging markets. In the very same way as enterprises from emerging markets need to understand the local culture when they establish themselves in Western countries. The aim of this report is to investigate what cultural factors/dimension that affect leadership in the context of multi countries as well as to investigate behavioral styles and practices leaders operating in India and see how Western leadership theories are relevant to these set up. Introduction In today’s world we have emerged from the industrial age, into the information age where knowledge is our most valuable assets. The rapid technological development that have enabled this information age is also affecting the pace at which change is happening in the world. The pace of change is rapidly increasing and in order for organizations to be successful they need to keep up with this pace (Schwarz & Brock, 1998). In a recent business leader review with more than 400 senior executives...
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...the Evolution of Leadership Theory Ever since the beginning of human history, the need for an individual who could carry more than his share of the weight, possessing some kind of quality that made others try to be like them, has been essential for any sort of development or survival. A person who could lead the others, inspire others. This is defined as leadership. From the earliest of times, when humans were first beginning to evolve, life was based on mainly 3 things: food, shelter, and reproduction. In these times, the tendencies of human nature were demonstrated; a species of compassionate, social and selfish organisms. Now survival was always the main priority for humans, and humans learned that living and working together greatly increased their chances at being successful. Understanding the concept of cooperation, humans also discovered the need for an exceptional type of person to lead and guide the people, using their expertise to the advantage of the survival of their tribe. For early human life, a chief or king would be established, based on certain skill sets and qualities that gave the person an advantage and desirability to be regarded as a leader. Strength, skill and abilities would often be the deciding factor for a leader. Throughout history, up until around the 19th century, industrialization and technologic advances in machinery and factories began to take place. But from before then, in most social groups like tribes, kingdoms and countries...
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...REVIEW OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY Situational Leadership Theory is arguably the most widely known and practiced theory of leadership and managerial effectiveness. In this essay, the origins and fundamentals of the theory are considered, as well as the available evidence that supports or contradicts the its validity. Background Situational Leadership Theory as presented by Hersey and Blanchard developed from the work of J. W. Reddin’s 3-Dimensional Management Style Theory. That theory hypothesizes the importance of a manager’s relationship orientation and task orientation in conjunction with effectiveness (Reddin 1967, 8). From the interplay of these dimensions, Reddin proposes a variety of management styles and theorizes that effectiveness as a manager can be explained as a function of matching a leader’s style to a specific situation. However, his theory does not specify whether certain situational characteristics could be unequivocally incorporated into a predictive model (Vecchio 1987, 444). From Reddin’s suggestion that a leader’s effectiveness varies according to style, Hersey and Blanchard proposed a life-cycle theory of leadership. According to this theory, degrees of task orientation and relationship orientation are to be examined in conjunction with the maturity of a follower or group of followers in order to account for leader effectiveness (Hersey and Blanchard 1969, 29). The main principle of the life-cycle theory is that as the level...
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...SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY The situational leadership theory, is a leadership theory developed by Paul Hersey, professor and author of the book Situational Leader, and Ken Blanchard, leadership guru and author of The One Minute Manager, while working on the first edition of Management of Organizational Behavior (now in its 10th edition).[1] The theory was first introduced as "Life Cycle Theory of Leadership".[2] During the mid-1970s, "Life Cycle Theory of Leadership" was renamed "Situational Leadership theory".[3] In the late 1970s/early 1980s, the authors both developed their own models using the situational leadership theory; Hersey - Situational Leadership Model and Blanchard et al. Situational Leadership II Model.[4] The fundamental underpinning of the situational leadership theory is that there is no single "best" style of leadership. Effective leadership is task-relevant, and the most successful leaders are those that adapt their leadership style to the maturity ("the capacity to set high but attainable goals, willingness and ability to take responsibility for the task, and relevant education and/or experience of an individual or a group for the task") of the individual or group they are attempting to lead or influence. Effective leadership varies, not only with the person or group that is being influenced, but it also depends on the task, job or function that needs to be accomplished.[5] Blanchard, Kenneth H., Patricia Zigarmi, and Drea Zigarmi. Leadership and the...
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