Free Essay

Thomas Manns Influences

In: English and Literature

Submitted By MarcKozlof
Words 2034
Pages 9
Influences Evident in Thomas Mann's Works Thomas Mann once said “Every reasonable human being should be a moderate Socialist.” This quote is the cumulative result of a life time of influences from the writers and culture that surrounded Mann. During the spread of eighty years, Mann was exposed to many influential writers: Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer, Richard Wagner, and Hermann Bahr. Aside from the writers that Mann was influenced by, Mann was influenced by the German culture that surrounded him growing up in Lübeck, Germany. Researching Mann and finding sources that were critical of Mann was difficult, especially when it came to finding print sources. This is perhaps due to Mann's life being rather unimportant when compared to how influential and philosophical his works are. His works have so much depth and hiding meaning and cause contained within their covers that critics would much rather criticize his works than Mann himself. Another reason quite possibly be, that to criticize Mann's work a critic does not have to know Mann's background because of how well and precise Mann conveys and illustrates the ideals and philosophies of those who influenced him while writing. Nietzsche, influences nearly all of Mann's short stories and novels, whether it be that Mann quoted him or built antitheses off Nietzsche ideals or even based an essay completely off of a writing of Nietzsche. Mann has been accounted stating that he was undoubtedly a Nietzschean (Robertson 27). This being, Mann wrote in his “A Sketch of My Life,” that he saw in Nietzsche, above all, “the man who conquers himself”: “with him I took nothing literally, I believed almost nothing, but precisely this gave my love for him its multi-layered[sic] and passionate quality — gave it depth (Robertson 26).” This deep love for Nietzsche is why Mann took the basis for one of his most fundamental antitheses of early thinking from Nietzsche: the dichotomy between culture (a positive notion, connoting a private, inward and self-centered, not necessarily rational ideal, closely allied to the German concept of Bildung, the belief of self-cultivation) and civilisation[sic] (here a negative term, describing societies dominated by the political consciousness of democracy, such as England and France, where only rational values are recognized) (Robertson 26). Aside from the dichotomy between culture and civilisation[sic], Mann was greatly impressed by some of Nietzsche other philosophies; one of these ideas is found in “Culture contra Civilisation[sic],” where Nietzsche wrote “The high points of culture and civilisation[sic] do not coincide: one should not be deceived about the abysmal antagonism of culture and civilisation[sic]” (Robertson 26). The extent to which Thomas Mann was impressed by this idea is made abundantly clear in one of his early nationalistic essays, “Thoughts in War” (Robertson 26). Although Nietzsche may be considered the most influencing author to Mann, another author, Schopenhauer may have been just as influential. Robertson writes that Thomas Mann recalls in “A Sketch of my Life” that reading the second volume of Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Representation was one of his formative experiences (24). Schopenhauer's novel and it's influence on Mann is also evident in Mann's novel, Buddenbrooks, where the main character, Thomas Buddenbrooks, purchases the novel and reads it in his garden on a warm sunny day; While he reads, the novel takes a philosophical change that occurs over the course of a few pages.(Robertson 24) This account in Buddenbrooks is similar to how Mann read the book, which in his 1938 essay, he states as fact (Robertson 24). Except, what Mann presents as an autobiographical account of his reading of Schopenhauer also carries deep resonances of Nietzsche's recollections of buying The World as Will and Representation from a second-hand bookseller in Leipzig and being subsequently overwhelmed by it. Thus the figure of Thomas Buddenbrook is not only triply related to its author as 'father, offspring and double', as Mann put it in Reflections of an Unpolitical Man , but is also a duplicate of Nietzsche (Robertson 25). Schopenhauer and Nietzsche are both very tied together when speaking of their influences on Thomas Mann, but there is a third author who really is not an author of novels at all, but rather a opera writer: Richard Wagner. Mann had first started listening to Wagner when he was sixteen, and up until the day Mann passed away, it had been a love-hate relationship (Robertson 27). It is evident in Mann's writing that he in fact did fancy Wagner, so much so that Mann claimed that he owed much to Wagner in terms of actual artistic technique, including the epic mode, beginnings and endings, style as assimilation of the personal to the objective, the creation of symbols, the organic unity of the individual work and the biographical unity of the complete oeuvre (Robertson 27). In Mann's earlier writings, the influence of Wagner is unmistakably there on a thematic level. As such, in Buddenbrooks, Hanno's musical improvisations are distinctly Wagneresque in character. Quickly gaining insight into how tonality functions, Hanno gives a performance of a piece that could easily have been written by Wagner (Robertson 29). “Gefallen”, Thomas Mann's very first novella, is a great example of a work where Mann's influences are evidently clear. Before the days of Mann reading the previously stated authors, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer and Wagner, he frequently read the works of Hermann Bahr. In her critical essay about Mann's novella “Gefallen,” Kamla writes that Hermann Bahr is believed to be the major influence of the novella. Evidence of this influence is documented as early as 1893 when, Mann, at the age of eighteen dedicated his prose sketch “Vision” to the “genialer Künstler Hermann Bahr” in the summer issue of his school publication Der Frühlingsstrum. Kamla later writes that “Gefallen” is linked to the decadence movement, or rather the criticism of the movement because the protagonist in the novella, Dr. Selton, is commonly linked to the direct influence of the French writer Paul Bourget; however, Mann had not yet started to take up French until after the publishing of “Gefallen.” Hence it is obvious that Mann had to be getting this influence from else where. In her essay Kamla writes that Paul Bourgets' idea of fin de siècle dilettantism is found in “Gefallen,” and the only known author that Mann would have been influenced by and would have also been writing of fin de siècle dilettantism is Hermann Bahr. So according to Kamla, Hermann Bahr is believed to be the connecting factor between the creation of “Gefallen” and fin de siècle dilettantism because he looked to Bourget as his model and thus communicated Bourgets' ideas to the young Thomas Mann through his own works. Apart from the idea of fin de siècle being from the influence of Bahr, Kamla writes that the opening reference to a Viennese school of symbolism, and its artistic prose implies a familiarity with not only Bahr but also with the circle of innovators that began to emerge on the Austrian literary scene during this time. Kamla writes “add to this the spirit of the time, in which the myriad of movements that comprised the era of the 1890s (aestheticism, impressionism, symbolism, decadence, etc.) was very much in vogue among Austrian intellectuals and artists, and the story can indeed be placed within the larger context of the German-speaking fin de siècle.” It is interesting to know that Mann has admitted slavishly copying Bahr, even though Mann made it clear that this was only in his writing exercises while in Lübeck. This still caused Bahr to become an exact observer of Mann's work according to Kamla . Hermann Bahr influenced many other parts of the novella, but the biggest influence was that of the idea of fin de siècle dilettantism that shaped the novella into its final being. Apart from being influenced by the works of the writers he read, Mann was influenced by the country he grew up in: Germany. In Germany before the time that Mann was writing, there was a movement in literature: the Weimar movement (Robertson 22). Robertson writes that the Weimar movement did not directly influence Mann but rather, influenced the writers he read and took from; such as, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer (22). Reading the works of these writers and learning of their fascination with Weimar classicism lead to Mann's preoccupation with the movement, knowing this enables the readers of Mann to reread the development of the aspects of his thoughts as an attempt in dark times to preserve and develop a tradition of humanism that is distinctively German as well as European (Robertson 22). According to Anthony Hartley, Mann was also influenced by customs and habits of that of older Germany. This is because Mann found the tribal coziness and stock of common habits comforting. Hartley writes that one of these habits that is evident not only in Mann's life but also in his work, The Magic Mountain, is the consuming of tea at four o'clock, this at first may seem trivial until we realize that this was a ritual required, by Thomas Mann, to enact the life of a great writer, and a world figure, whose impressive facade must be served by a continuity of habits. Hartley further writes another German belief that one picks up on in Mann's writing is a constant comparison of the east and west. This is most apparent in his work, The Magic Mountain, where it is believed that the east is unstructured and free-flowing; where as, the west is refined, pure, and above all the more respectable of the two. To Mann, the matter of east and west is all to be regarded with the “erotic irony of the spirit,” whose quieting effect may calm the turbulence and confusion of the German spirit according to Hartley. Some influences came from Mann's experiences in his home town of Lübeck, such as in Buddenbrooks, where Mann draws on many of his experiences, one such being when Thomas Buddenbrooks, the main character, reads Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Representation, a book Mann once read and changed philosophically because of, just as Buddenbrooks does in Mann's novel (Robertson 24). In conclusion, many authors, events, and cultures had influenced Thomas Mann's works. Whether it be Nietzsche and his philosophies on culture, or Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Representation, or Wagner's operas, or Hermann Bahr and his writings about french philosophy, or the overall culture of the German people it all had great influence on Mann's final works. Nietzsche and his philosophies on culture played large roles in the structure of Mann's works, they formed some of Mann's most known and renowned antitheses and writings. And Schopenhauer's work, The World as Will and Representation, had a great impact on Mann to the extent that in multiple instances and in multiple works he either wrote about what he got from the work from a philosophical standpoint, or completely depicted his first reading of the novel through characters in his novels; such as, Thomas Buddenbrooks in Buddenbrooks. In addition to Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, Wagner's operas had a great influence on Thomas Mann when he was young and old. Alsom young Thomas Mann was greatly influenced by Hermann Bahr, but more specifically his borrowed philosophical ideals from Paul Bourget. And finally, Thomas Mann was under great influence by his home town memories and German culture that was instilled in him from a very young age. So it is evidently clear that Mann was greatly influenced by the writers and culture that surrounded him in his years of writing.

Works Cited
Hartley, Anthony. “Thomas Mann and Germany's Demons.” National Interests 44 (Summer 1996):92-99. Rpt. In Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 168. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resource Center. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
Kamla, Thomas A.”Thomas Mann's 'Gefallen': Êtats d'âme and the Bahrian New Psychology.” The German Quarterly 66.4 (Fall 1993): 510-523. Rpt. In Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 82. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Literature Resource Center. Web. 16 Dec. 2014. Robertson, Ritchie. The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Mann. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002. Print.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Das Bild

...offensichtliche Anwendung des Kindchen-Schemas. Auffallend ist die glatte, helle, rosige Haut. Ebenfalls außergewöhnlich sind die sehr kleinen Extremitäten. Ihre gespreizten, angespannten Finger und Beine verfehlen ihre theatralische Wirkung nicht. Das Kleid ist, für die damalige Mode nicht untypisch, sehr füllig, spielerisch und dekorativ, also kostbar. Die rosa Farbe steht im Kontrast zu dem Grün der umrandenden Natur. Sie symbolisiert die Jugend und Schönheit. Der jüngere Mann befindet sich links unterhalb von ihr. Angelehnt an den Sockel einer Engelsstatue liegt er ihr unterwürfig zu Füßen. Sein Rüschenhemd, der Hut und der kostbare Anzug lassen auf seine soziale Stellung schließen. Hierbei handelt es sich übrigens um den Auftraggeber, einen Baron. Fasziniert streckt er der Frau seinen linken Arm entgegen, in dem er auch den schwarzen Hut hält. Sein sehnsüchtiger Blick und die gespreizten Finger lassen auf sein Begehren schließen. Das Annähern und Entfernen, bedingt durch das Schwingen der Schaukel, reizen den begeisterten Mann. Er findet offensichtlichen Gefallen an dem galanten, neckischen Spiel. Grade die Kürze der Momente, die er hat, um der Frau unter den Rock zu sehn, erhöhen den abenteuerlichen Aspekt und somit sein Verlangen. Nicht die schnelle Erfüllung seiner Begierde ist hier wichtig, sondern die Stimulierung der Reize. Der Baron spielt den Verführer, der sich...

Words: 366 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Lean Management Und Sein Einfluss Auf Die Betriebliche Prozessorganisation

...Um Lean Management erfolgreich im Unternehmen implementieren zu können, müssen eine Vielzahl von Regeln und Prinzipien verfolgt werden. Dies stellt eine große Heraus-forderung für jede Organisation dar. Jeder Mitarbeiter wird dabei als Wert schaffende Ressource betrachtet und steigert durch seine Mitarbeit den Unternehmenserfolg. Die Übergabe von Verantwortung kann dabei Motivation und Last zugleich sein. Der eine wird durch die ihm zugestandene Selbstständigkeit beflügelt, ein anderer überfordert. Hier ein angemessenes Maß zu finden stellt eine der wesentlichen Aufgaben des Top-Managements dar, die es mithilfe eines umfassenden Kommunikationsapparates und kontinuierlichen Informationsflusses zu meistern gilt. Die Konsequenz bei der Befolgung der Prinzipien des Lean Management stellt die Grundvoraussetzung für den Erfolg des Ansatzes dar. Doch gerade diese Konsequenz kann ihm auch zum Verhängnis werden. Wichtig ist, die individuellen Anforderungen der einzelnen Unternehmung besonders zu berücksichtigen. Seit dem Bekanntwerden des Toyota Produktionskonzeptes hat sich der ursprünglich einzig auf die Produktion beschränkte Blick erheblich erweitert. Längst werden auch Dienstleistungs- oder Bera-tungsunternehmen mithilfe dieses Systems geführt. Die Wertschöpfung in allen Unter-nehmensbereichen entlang der Supply Chain kann in nahezu jeder Branchen und auf der ganzen Welt mithilfe von Lean Management optimiert werden. Die Übertragbarkeit des Management Ansatzes auf verschiedene Prozessstrukturen...

Words: 345 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Demografischer Wandel Sportindustrie

...Der demografische Wandel und seine Wirkung auf die Sportindustrie Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................................... III 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 Die Sportindustrie muss sich dem demografischen Wandel anpassen ............................. 3 3 Maßnahmen ........................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Die Politik muss agieren .............................................................................................. 5 3.2 Vereine ......................................................................................................................... 7 3.2.1 Änderung der Altersstruktur ................................................................................. 7 3.2.2 Jugendarbeit ......................................................................................................... 8 3.2.3 Wichtigkeit des Ehrenamtes ................................................................................. 9 3.3 Aufgaben der Arbeitgeber.......................................................................................... 11 3.3.1 Qualifizierung der Mitarbeiter ..........................................................

Words: 4975 - Pages: 20

Free Essay

Study Guide

...Recitations: Thurs (sec. 041) 8:00 am – 9:15 am GODD B07 Kassner Thurs (sec. 044) 11:00 am – 12:15 pm KJCC BSMT Kassner Thurs (sec. 045) 3:30 pm – 4:45 pm KJCC BSMT Fuchs Thurs (sec. 046) 4:55 pm – 6:10 pm GCASL 375 Fuchs Assigned Texts Sophocles, Antigone in Sophocles I, University of Chicago The Oxford Study Bible, Oxford University Press Plato, Symposium, Hackett Marx, Communist Manifesto, Norton Critical Edition Darwin, Origin of Species (includes The Descent of Man), Norton Critical Edition Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy, Cambridge University Press (contains both Birth of Tragedy and “On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense”) Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, Perseus Distribution Thomas Mann, Death in Venice, Norton Critical Edition Franz Kafka, Metamorphosis and Other Stories, Simon & Schuster Assigned page numbers for all readings correspond to the editions specified above. It is not recommended that you use other editions that may contain different translations & pagination. Grading Policy: Final grades will be comprised of the following components: * First response paper of 4 pages length is worth 15% of final...

Words: 1203 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Company Valuation

...Der folgende Abschnitt soll dazu dienen, eine Auswahl an Methoden zur Unternehmensbewertung kurz vorzustellen und voneinander abzugrenzen. Dabei kann auf oberster Abstraktionsebene zunächst zwischen drei Bewertungstypen unterschieden werden: Dem Gesamtbewertungs-, Einzelbewertungs- und Mischverfahren. Abbildung 1 liefert einen Überblick über die darunter subsumierten Verfahren, auf die an dieser Stelle nun jeweils kurz eingegangen wird. Abbildung 1: Unternehmensberwertungsverfahren im Überblick Quelle: In Anlehnung an Achleitner und Thommen 2009,715ff.; Mandl und Rabel 1999, 30 Die Ertragswertmethode basiert auf der Annahme, dass der Unternehmenswert nicht aus der vorhandenen Substanz ergibt, sondern vielmehr aus den zukünftig erwarteten Erträgen. Als Basis wird hierbei die Ertrags-Aufwandsrechnung herangezogen, um so schlussendlich die Ertragsüberschüsse zu kalkulieren. Die Berechnung des Unternehmenswerts erfolgt entsprechend der folgenden Formel (Achleitner/Thommen 2009, 722): UW= ∑_(t=0)^T▒E"t" /〖(1+i)〗^t Ebenso wie die Ertragswertmethode, greift auch die die Discounted Cashflow Methode auf das Barwertkalkül zurück, jedoch wird der Kapitaliserungszinssatz auf Basis der zugrundeliegenden gewichteten Kapitalkosten ermittelt (Weighted Average Costs of Capital, WACC). In einem mehrstufigen Verfahren wird der Grenzpreis für ein...

Words: 487 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Thomas Mann And Norman Ornstein's 'The Broken Branch'

...Thomas Mann and Norman Ornstein, “The Broken Branch” Response The anecdote at the beginning of Mann and Ornstein’s text highlights the opening of a long series of examples of how partisan politics have shaped the political process in Congress into something contrary to the ideal envisioned by the Framers of the Constitution. This breach in the Framer’s ideological vision is exemplified in the text by issues such as the partisan behavior of the Speaker of the House. The Framers envisioned a Speaker who would be above influence of partisan politics. However, the role of the speaker in recent years has transformed into another position whose primary concern is advancement of the majority party’s agenda. This is demonstrated in the anecdote used...

Words: 529 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

The Famous Magic Trick: Fascism

...Amanda Kobner The Famous Magic Trick: Fascism Thomas Mann, a German novelist and author of Mario and the Magician, fled to Switzerland once the Nazis obtained power in 1933. Mann is known for his ironic and symbolic novels that analyze and criticize Europe. The government had led the people to believe that their country had been winning World War I, but many faced confusion and felt alienated when Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles. During the late 1920s and early 1930s, fascism had risen in many European countries and seemed like the perfect solution to reinstate hope and encouragement back into the lives of the people. Mario and the Magician reflects the political state in Italy and Germany at this time, openly discussing the ideas behind a fascist government. Through the author’s use of figurative language, the reader can easily identify comparisons and contrasts of a fascist regime. Mario and the Magician is a story narrated by an individual who describes his family’s trip to Torre di Venere, Italy. From the onset of the story, the reader is exposed to similarities that exist between the narrator’s family and a fascist regime during the 1920s and 1930s. The narrator describes an ominous atmosphere in the town as his family feels unwelcome. He describes that the family feels uncomfortable from the beginning of their trip and “from the first moment the air of the place made [them] uneasy” (Mann 133). The Italian people are absorbed in nationalism and...

Words: 1439 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

American Capitalism and American Democracy

...schooling in the United States requires attention to such social changes as urbanization, early industrialization, and patterns of immigration, all in the northeastern United States. Ideologically, the common school era was rooted in classical liberalism, which had practical consequences in urban New England different from those in rural Jeffersonian Virginia. These variations were due to differences in regional political economy as well as shifts in religious thought. While Jefferson had encountered difficulty gaining consensus for a state-funded but locally controlled school system, Horace Mann sought a state-funded and state-controlled school system. In part because of the contrasts in political economy between Massachusetts and Virginia, and in part because of differences between the paternalistic Whig liberalism of urban Massachusetts and the more laissez-faire liberalism of agrarian Virginia, Mann...

Words: 1490 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Road Age

...The Psychology of Road Rage: A discussion of psychological explanations of road rage and policy implications. Name: Graeme Standing Candidate #: 002351 015 Subject: Psychology – Extended Essay Word Count : 3993 School: Collège du Léman Date: February 2007© Graeme Standing (graemestanding@hotmail.com) Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................1 Is Road Rage Just a Media Invention?..................................................................................................... 1 What is Road Rage? ................................................................................................................................2 Stress and Anger .....................................................................................................................................2 Are Some People More Susceptible to Road Rage? ............................................................................... 3 Gender Stereotypes................................................................................................................................4 Intermittent Explosive Disorder.............................................................................................................. 5 Driving Pathology....................................................................................................................................6 Solutions...

Words: 4955 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Prohibition Era Research Paper

...activities in various states in the U.S. following the requirements of the 18th amendment[footnoteRef:1]. The amendment was approved by the United States congress in the year 1917 and declared the manufacturing sale and transportation of alcoholic material in the country as illegal. The ramification of the amendment was approved by over two thirds of the American congress. Prohibition was to initiate one year later. The prohibition law was perceived as an act of social engineering that could spell out various implications to the American public. What was not understood was whether the governments and citizens were ready to deal with the prohibition. Before the prohibition many Americans labelled themselves as wet or dry. [1: Parramore, Thomas, et al Norfolk: The first four centuries (Charlottesville: University Press of...

Words: 4687 - Pages: 19

Premium Essay

The Effect Of Gerrymandering On Society

...In a traditional republic, citizens elect their representatives to express their views and opinions in Congress. However, modern gerrymandering has reversed this system by enabling politicians to choose their voters (Applewhite). By having a guaranteed majority, partisan politicians are able to pursue their agenda while neglecting compromise. Compromise is an essential part of a pluralistic government because it is necessary in order to satisfy the needs of all groups in a society. In his article, We Must Address Gerrymandering, Thomas E. Mann accurately sums up the principle effect of the method in which, “party members… find their own interests in re-election and majority status importantly connected to these redistricting efforts, which makes them even more inclined to cooperate with partisan team play that drains the policy making process of its capacity to negotiate and compromise” (Mann). Compromise is a vital aspect of democracy due to its reliable effect of preventing tyranny and the oppressive rule of one faction. A balanced and equal representation forces different political parties to cooperate in order to achieve their respective...

Words: 1179 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Auden

...Kawther Mahdi Course Title: Modern English and American Poetry Wystan Hugh Auden Wystan Hugh Auden was born in York, England, in 1907. He moved to Birmingham during childhood and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. As a young man he was influenced by the poetry of Thomas Hardy and Robert Frost, as well as William Blake, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Old English verse. At Oxford his precocity as a poet was immediately apparent, and he formed lifelong friendships with two fellow writers, Stephen Spender and Christopher Isherwood. In 1928, his collection Poems was privately printed, but it wasn't until 1930, when another collection titled Poems (though its contents were different) was published, that Auden was established as the leading voice of a new generation. Auden first gained attention in 1930 when his short verse play called ''Paid on Both Sides'' was published in T. S. Eliot's periodical The Criterion. In the same year appeared Auden's Poems, his first commercially published book, in which he carefully avoided Yeatsian romantic self-expression – the poems were short, untitled, slightly cryptic, but free of philosophical abstraction. The collection had a powerful influence on Auden's peers, including Stephen Spender, Cecil Day-Lewis, and Louis MacNeice. Auden soon gained fame as a leftist intellectual. He showed interest in Marx and Freud and he wrote passionately on social problems, among others in Look, Stranger! (1936). However, by 1962 he...

Words: 1040 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Movers and Shakers in Education

...Ebony Williams EDU-210 January 18, 2015 Thomas Christner Movers and Shakers in Education What is Education? Why is it so important to our world? When thinking about how far we have come in education reform, it is also important to reflect on how it all started. Education is a form of learning that usually takes place in a school institution where one who is experienced and has obtained a degree in Education teaches to his/ her students. Education develops one’s intellect, knowledge, and beliefs in which prepares us for the real world upon our completion of high school. Under any circumstance where one’s thoughts and feelings are consumed, that could be considered an educational and learning experience as well. Education has evolved so much over time, and is providing our kids with the tools to help them to be successful individuals. The concept of Education goes back farther than most of us could ever imagine. School has been formatted into four stages which is Elementary, Middle School, High School, and College. In this paper, I will discuss the four people and events that had a great affect on the evolution of American education. Born in 470 BC in Athens, Greece, Socrates was a Greek philosopher who had a great influence on ancient and modern philosophy. Socrates believed that philosophy should achieve practical results for the greater well being of society. Little was known about his life in which what was, was told through the dialogue between his students...

Words: 1071 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

History

...Assignment/Dissertation Submission Form Student Information Please complete all parts of this form and submit with your assignment. All parts of the assignment must be stapled together before submission PLEASE USE BLOCK CAPITALS Student Registration Number | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3 | Class Code and Title - PRINT the code and title as it appears in the student handbook V | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | | History of the USA since 1877 | Tutor’s name | Mark Ellis | Submission date | 17/11/13 | | | Extension/Re-submission Yes No | Extension/Re-submission date: | Where appropriate please √ your year, Now √ the attempt. 1st | 2nd | √ | | Yr 1 | Yr 2 | Yr 3 | Yr4 | | Postgraduate | | √ | | | | | | | ...

Words: 2640 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Manifesto Against Conscription and the Military System

...for democracy and human life. It is debasing human dignity to force men to give up their life, or to inflict death against their will, or without conviction as to the justice of their action. The State which thinks itself entitled to force its citizens to go to war will never pay proper regard to the value and happiness of their lives in peace. Moreover, by conscription the militarist spirit of aggressiveness is implanted in the whole male population at the most impressionable age. By training for war men come to consider war as unavoidable and even desirable." (1) "Conscription subjects individual personalities to militarism. It is a form of servitude. That nations routinely tolerate it, is just one more proof of its debilitating influence. Military training is schooling of body and spirit in the art of killing. Military training is education for war. It is the perpetuation of war spirit. It hinders the development of the...

Words: 659 - Pages: 3