...IDNP:Part 2 NTC/362 06/29/2015 Importance of Communication Protocols Communications protocols are a very important communication capability. Communications protocols allow two systems or more to communicate effectively and to pass data over a network and between different communication devices. Communication protocols allows for the process of breaking data down into tiny packets that are the encrypted and signed by the sending device. Each of these packets are sent individually to cut down on errors. If any errors occur, instead of resending the whole line of data it is only necessary to send that specific packet to complete the transfer. Communications protocols also allow you to have secure and private communications when transferring data. Each packet we previously discussed has a header imbedded in its data that signifies where it is going. It will then only open on the device it has been addressed to. Also if someone were to intercept one of your packages it is still not the whole transfer since all the data is sent separately in smaller packages and they wouldn’t receive the full data transfer. There are many different kinds of protocols that govern how computers interact with each other through the internet and govern how they communicate most effectively. Common communication protocols include everything from how the data is secure to how the packets are structured and sent. Identifying Protocols/Network Architecture The links of communication and how...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Technology played a vital part in our society which helps everyone to easily adopt environment to an ever-changing world. One example of technology is the computer. According to Thakur (n.d.), computer is an advance electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and process these data under the control of set of instructions (called programs) and gives the result (output) and saves the output for future use (What is Computer, n.d.). Today, computers are used in every field and made the day to day tasks very easy. Computers are also used in many companies that help every employee easily and effectively finish their works such as reports and presentations. In the age of booming technology, running a business without computer and/or information technology is like trying to breathe without lungs. According to Charlie (2012), the business process is under the Information Technology revolution, which is transforming the way in doing business. The way the basic operations like decision making, customer services, operations, marketing strategies, financial management, human resources management, etc. are being reformed with the use of computer (Computer in Business, 2012). Technology has an advanced remarkably that those who are using computers in their businesses are at advantage and those who are not using computers in their businesses are at disadvantage against their competitors. Businesses had been affected...
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...Causes of Traffic Congestion: Time wastage lead to inefficiency of public transport and negative impacts on economy In a congested traffic condition, the first thought of people is that time is wasted when they are caught in a traffic jam. According to Rozmi Ismail, et. al (2012), traffic congestion causes unpredictable time which causes the bus service system in Malaysia to be inefficient. Other than that, Morgan (2014) also claimed that, drivers will also face the same problem as they could not predict an actual time to certain destination causing their working performance to decline. As a result, economic growth is affected as time is wasted in a traffic jam which causes every individual to be late for their work and appointments, leading to loss in productivity for businesses (Hartman 2014). In Malaysia, heavily congested highways in Klang Valley causes lost in manpower hours that will lead to a loss more than RM12million per year (Gomez 2014). Fuel consumption and pollution In a congested traffic condition, fuel consumption is much more higher than a smooth rate traffic as the fuel consumption rate is strongly associated to the driving pattern such as stop and go, acceleration on-deceleration and so on (Robinson 1984). The consumption rate of a motor vehicle increase in traffic congestion will increase the fuel consumption costs of commuters thus daily expenditure of commuters will be burdened (Morgan 2014). Other than that, emission of greenhouse gases which leads to...
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...Brief Description of the Problem Traffic jams are common occurrences for many individuals who to commute to work using their motor vehicles. According to Hartman (n.d.), “the roadways leading into and out of most major cities can become gridlocked due to an accident, road construction or simply a high number of cars on the road. Traffic congestion can have a number of effects on drivers, the environment, health and the economy” (para. 1). The problems associated with traffic jams can be handled using many different decision making processes. However within this paper, I will use Osborn’s 73 idea spurring question process to create an idea checklist of questions that I will ask and answer as a means determining a solution to traffic jams from a new perspective. Osborn’s 73 Idea Spurring Questions Marakas (2003) proposed that Osborn’s model presents nine basic ideas: put to other uses, adapt, modify, magnify, minify, substitute, rearrange, reverse, and combine. 1. What are some new ways to utilize time spent in traffic jams? There are a lot of professional students at all levels, undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral. Many students can take advantage of this time stuck in traffic to catch up on homework since most schools rely on Internet as a mode of delivery. 2. How have people learned to adapt with traffic jams in their everyday lives? Many people realize that traffic jams are inevitable. Therefore, many people attempt to leave out as a means of beating the traffic...
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...GOAL: To alleviate traffic congestion in GTA and especially on the east-west route cost effectively and in as short a time as possible. INTERVENTION: To establish and privatize a new east-west route (407) to ease the congestion on the main route (401). The new privatized highway is intended to reduce traffic, therefore reducing the amount of time spent commuting, hence encouraging investors and stimulating the economy through productive time gained. ANALYSIS: This is a DIRECT intervention. The government is directly involved at A in supporting the decision to privatize the highway (407) to improve traffic flow and efficiency. At B: (i) the goal of reduce traffic congestion in the GTA is satisfied since another east-west route is introduced to relieve the pressure on the existing one (401). (ii) the intended goal is achieved by the government’s decision to lay the burden of developing, designing, building operating and maintaining of the new highway on the private sector. (iii) a new state of equilibrium is established because the change in government policies that allow for privatization enabled the government to share the financial burden with the private sector, resulting in quicker and more cost efficient building of highway 407. This curbed the traffic congestion problem faster and more efficiently than if the government was the only player. This intervention is COERCIVE because when the government...
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...anything is possible. My hope is that one day that I could impact my student’s life in positive way, that would carry them throughout their academic life. My Personal Approach To Classroom Management I have the thought that if a teacher and her classroom would work in cooperative manner than the teacher has set up a classroom that is safe and inviting learning environment for their students. Cooperative learning would be one of the ideas that I would apply in my classroom. Albert explains that with this theory students and teachers can work together to form decisions. Student’s parents should be involved in all aspects of this theory. Students want to feel that they ideas matter and apply this theory in a classroom, then you are allowing your students to grow into independent thinkers. The students will learn from Albert’s ideas of the Three C’s and they are connections, contributions, and capabilities of the students. I feel that these three are essential...
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...Nursing Theory Plan of Care Nur/513 May 16, 2011 Introduction Nursing theories describe and explain the phenomena of interest to nursing in a systematic way in order to provide understanding for use in nursing practice and research. Nursing theories provide a framework for nurses to systematize their nursing actions: what to ask, what to observe, what to focus on and what to think about. They provide a framework to develop new and validate current knowledge. Researchers use nursing theories to define commonalities of the variables in a stated field of inquiry, guide nursing research and actions, predict practice outcomes, and predict client response. Analysis of the Congruence and Theoretical Statements Henderson define nursing as helping people, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health and its recovery that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will or knowledge (Fitzpatrick & Whall, 2005). It is the function of nurses to help people become independent as rapidly as possible. She saw how nursing could focus on the patient and on developing a good nurse-patient relationship. She believed that the patient-focused nursing was the most beneficial kind of nursing. Henderson emphasized the use of nursing care plan. To develop effective care plan, collection of necessary information is important. She developed the 14 Basic Needs in her Theory (Fitzpatrick & Whall, 2005) as basis of individualized nursing...
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...sister Emily as an unconscious artist who “did not know what she had done”. Unlike what Charlotte thought of her sister, some literary critics agree on the fact that it is a very carefully constructed novel. The main problem of critical response was that critics could not work out its moral standpoint. Both lovers deliberately marry other partners. As Catherine Earnshaw dies halfway through the novel, which pair of lovers is meant to carry our approval, Catherine and Heathcliff or young Catherine and Hareton? Moreover their voices reach us through a medley of others: Mr Lockwood, Nelly, Isabella, who are often ignored by readers. A parable of a natural equilibrium disturbed by an external force and eventually somehow restored. The theory that a principle of calm and storm informs the novel provided a comprehensive interpretation. The two aspects (calm and storm) are not necessarily conflicting and will ultimately lead to a state of equilibrium. The world described by the novel is pre-moral, and the drives of the main characters seem to reach beyond their death and strive for transcendence. (Early Victorian Novelists, Lord David Cecil, 1934) A restless force, represented by C and H, which continually pushes against a framework of religion, propriety, social expectations. The novel represents a clash of social classes and economic interests where the respectable farming class (the Earnshaws) is progressively destroyed by the newly wealthy capitalists (H) and the traditional...
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...SOC 300 Soldiers and Politics Week 9 Slide # Topic Narration 1 Introduction Welcome to week nine of Sociology three hundred. This week we are going to discuss Soldiers and Politics. In much of the Third World there has been military involvement in politics at the national level. Many prominent positions in government have been and continue to be held by military leaders. Throughout this course, we have noted that the developing world is diverse. Thus, the level of military involvement in the political arena of each nation is different. In many countries there is no clear dividing line between the armed forces and political activity. With the rise of democracy in many Third World countries in recent years, there has been a steady decline in military leadership at the government level. However, this is not to say that military leaders have completely stepped down from politics. In fact, countries such as Libya and Pakistan still have military rulers in the highest positions of government. In other countries the armed forces continue to exert considerable influence over civilian political leaders. Prior to the nineteen eighties military involvement in politics of the developing world was pervasive. It was considered by some to be a defining feature of political underdevelopment. And certainly it was a feature of extreme instability within nations. A study of fifty nine developing nations shows that between nineteen forty six and nineteen seventy, there...
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...promotion - personal selling Introduction Personal selling can be defined as follows: Personal selling is oral communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. The personal selling may focus initially on developing a relationship with the potential buyer, but will always ultimately end with an attempt to "close the sale" Personal selling is one of the oldest forms of promotion. It involves the use of a sales force to support a push strategy (encouraging intermediaries to buy the product) or a pull strategy (where the role of the sales force may be limited to supporting retailers and providing after-sales service). What are the main roles of the sales force? Kotler describes six main activities of a sales force: (1) Prospecting - trying to find new customers (2) Communicating - with existing and potential customers about the product range (3) Selling - contact with the customer, answering questions and trying to close the sale (4) Servicing - providing support and service to the customer in the period up to delivery and also post-sale (5) Information gathering - obtaining information about the market to feedback into the marketing planning process (6) Allocating - in times of product shortage, the sales force may have the power to decide how available stocks are allocated What are the advantages of using personal selling as a means of promotion? • Personal selling is a face-to-face activity; customers therefore obtain a relatively high degree...
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...just the only thing required to succeed. Then what is it that is required to be at the top, for me it is a true leader. A leader that leads by example, someone who is aware about himself, his strengths and weaknesses, someone who has taken the lessons he got in his real life and put them to use, Someone who knows where he comes from and where he wants to go. There is no book that would teach a person to be a good leader, no study or research would give a definitive style (George B., 2011). So looking at it from the perspective that leadership is so vital for an organization and there is no definitive style of leadership, then what constitutes a true leader? Phil Canella (2011) in his article Finding True Leadership states that there are three important tools that a leader has those being truth, logic and imagination. Truth to be used in answering challenges with the backing of logic and imagination to focus on an objective and creating a detailed vision to reach that objective. Other important characteristics of a good leader are his ability to...
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...report is to give an in depth view on the case company ‘Dienst Facilitaire Bedrijven’ of Tilburg University, and formulated a strategy with could improve the current situation. Recommendations The main recommendations are; reformulating and reviewing the current mission and vision in addition to setting a strategy in which a niche is filled. Focusing on customer intimacy which follows the slogan; DFB does it, just the way you like it!! DFB will be changing its generic strategy from Cost Leadership to Differentiation Focus. Table of content 1.Introduction to Strategy 4 1.1 Strategy 4 2. DFB 5 2.1 Mission 5 2.2 Vision 5 2.3 Values 5 3.Conduction a situational analysis 6 3.1 Situation analysis 6 3.2 SWOT 6 3.3 The 3 C’s by Ohmea 7 3.3.1 Corporation 7 3.3.2 Customer 7 3.3.3 Competition 7 3.4 DESTEP 7 3.4.1 Demographic 7 3.4.2 Economic 7 3.4.3 Social 8 3.4.4 Technological 8 3.4.5 Ecological 8 3.4.6 Political 8 4.Formulating a Strategy 9 4.1 Porters generic strategies 9 4.2 Critical Success Factors 9 5.Implementing a Strategy 11 5.1 Eight Step Process by Kotter 11 6.Monitoring and Evaluating Strategic Performance 12 6.1 Balance Scorecard 12 6.1.1 Financial 12 6.1.2 Customer 12 6.1.3 Learning and growth 12 6.1.4 Internal business processes 12 6.2 Net...
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...used it as a model in dealing with foreign and domestic policy during his tenure as Commander in Chief of the United States. The phase is understood as the skill of remaining calm and holding ones composure but still being capable of doing whatever is necessary in a given situation. When applied to his domestic/foreign policy and defense plans it became about using diplomacy when possible but maintaining a strong military as back up or if needed to replace the diplomacy. Domestic Policy A lot of things changed with Roosevelt's Square Deal. It was a domestic program implemented to change laws where they effected conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and the protection of consumers. The three C’s under the Square Deal paved the ways for the Stewardship Theory, Trustbusting and the Antiquities Act which helped lead to a better more progressive nation for consumers, workers, and the environment. Roosevelt flexed his big stick mores in foreign policy but had not problem doing so at...
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...Psychodynamic Personality Theories Analysis Amy Demarest, Teresa Grant, Erica Hodges, Richard Mitchell, Janette Ortega PSY 405 May 28, 2012 Dr. Barry Brooks Psychodynamic Personality Theories Analysis The most popular Psychodynamic Personality Theories developed in psychology all have strengths and limitations in explaining individual’s behavior. Some of these theories are stronger than others in explaining behavior because they have more supporting evidence. Individuals differ from one another; each with unique personalities. Be it physically, emotionally, intellectually or psychologically, each person portrays distinct characteristics that are exclusive to them. Many psychodynamic theorists have theorized the origins and contributions that cultivate personality (Feist&Feist, 2009). Highlights of this paper will include contents of Sullivan’s interpersonal theory. Further analyzed will also be the theories of Alder, Jung, Klein, andHorney. Alder: Individual Personalities, and Interpersonal Relationships Alfred Alder created the theory of Individual Psychology as an attempt to explain personality development. His theory concluded that individuals are motived by the desire to be successful and superior to others. Alder believed that each individual personality was unique and indissoluble. Although Alder supported Freud’s beliefs of the unconscious mind, he did not support the idea that the unconscious mind has influence over one’s personality. Instead, Alder...
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...Philosophy Similarities Sue A. Reed Grantham University Dr. W. Edwards Deming had a Ph.D. in physics and was trained as a statistician (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). At the end of WW II, Deming worked for the U.S. government and traveled to Japan to help rebuild their economy with his unique style of management (W. Edwards Deming Institute, 2012). The Deming philosophy never defined or described quality precisely. His philosophy focused on continuous improvements in product and service quality by reducing uncertainty and variability in design, manufacturing, and service processes, driven by the leadership of top management (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). Deming also believed that higher quality would lead to higher productivity and would then strengthen competitiveness. Joseph Juran spent most of his time as a corporate industrial engineer and did most of the writing, editing, and publishing of the Quality Control Handbook (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). Like Deming, he taught quality principles to the Japanese and was a principal force in their quality reorganization (Evans & Lindsay, 2014). Juran developed basic steps that companies must take, however he believed there was a point of diminishing return; a point at which quality goes beyond the consumer needs (Reference for Business). This process is called the Pareto Principle, or the Juran 80/20 rule: 80 percent of the trouble comes from 20 percent of the problems (Reference...
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