...Leadership Theories: A Discussion Amanda M. Crorken University of Phoenix Leadership Theories: A Discussion Researchers have researched and created various approaches to leadership. The definitions of leadership create a universal truth that leaders must lead individuals toward a common goal. The paper below describes the trait, social exchange, substitute, and transformational approaches to leadership as well as a discussion of the similarities and differences of the theories. Leadership Theories Trait Approach to Leadership The trait theory of leadership originated with Thomas Carlyle's Great Man theory centralizing around the idea that individuals have innate traits that distinguish him or her as a leader. Since the Great Man theory, the trait theory of leadership has evolved into its current state described below. The proponents of the trait theory are individuals maintaining that a leadership role is innate. A comparison between trait theory and a college course can assist in understanding the basics of the theory. Courses generally have prerequisites in which students must obtain prior to enrolling; thus the traits instilled into a leader are the prerequisites of becoming a successful...
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...1. What is the difference between a theory and a model? Answer: A leadership theory is a definition of some conditions of leadership. Theories have factual value because they are used to explain better, conclude, and control successful leadership. A leadership model is a sample for copying or used in a given position. All the contingency leadership theories having the leadership models. The leadership theory is the lengthy document that clarify the variables and leadership styles to be used in a given contingency situation. The leadership model is the small arbitrary of the theory to be used when choosing the proper leadership style for a given situation. 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? Answer: The contingency leadership variables used to describe the relevant leadership style are the leader, followers (employees), and situation. The leader element is positioned on personality traits, nature, and experience. The follower’s factor is pointed on effectiveness and motivation. The conditional factor is based on task, structure, and environment. A leader to be powerful, there must be a relevant fit between the leader’s nature and style and the followers and the situation. This leadership theory bid to explain the applicable leadership style positioned on the leader, followers (employees), and situation. 3. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? Answer: ...
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...Task 1 A. Describe your chosen organization by doing the following: 1. Describe the organization and its objective(s). Reflect * Think about the organization you have chosen to write about and describe its purpose. Why does it exist? What are its objectives? What are the vision and mission statements of the organization? Write * Write one paragraph describing the organization’s background, purpose, vision, and mission * Write one paragraph describing/listing the objectives of the organization A.1. Harrison Medical Center is a non-profit, community based hospital that serves four counties west of Seattle, Washington. The hospital was founded in 1918 as small community hospital and has grown into the primary care facility for nearly the entire north western quadrant of the state. The concept of a non-profit, community based hospital is that if a local resident needs a procedure or treatment; the funding will be located to provide the needed medical intervention (Charity Care). Their mission statement is “We make a positive difference in people's lives through exceptional healthcare.” Vision statement is “We will be the premier health system in the Pacific Northwest.” (Directors, 2016) citation but no foot note Harrison must stay medically relevant and financially competitive with other hospital systems to remain the dominate medical partner in the region. To accomplish this, they have to expand their services as well as continuing to provided top...
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...Leadership Theories There are successful leaders and then there are leaders who fail. Some people think of it as luck, but the truth is that there is no out of the world combination of characteristics that make some leaders successful. Often different characteristics matter at different situations. So what makes a great leader? Is it the personality traits of people or characteristics of the situation that makes people better than others? Studies conducted to find out how exactly certain people excel in their positions have given birth to a number of formal leadership theories. In this paper I will discuss about three different leadership theories; behavioral theories, contingency theories, and power & influence theories. Behavioral Theories As the name suggests behavioral theories emphasis on how leaders behave. For example; some leaders get involved with their team and some dictate terms in decision making. According to Kendra Cherry “Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born” (para 9). This particular theory mainly focuses on the actions of leaders. An assumption of this theory is that people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Three types of leaders can be identified under the behavioral theory; I. Autocratic leaders II. Democratic leaders III. Laissez-faire leaders A study conducted by the Ohio State University, have found two groups...
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...between a theory and a model? A theory begins with an idea or a set of ideas that sets out to prove or explain certain facts or events through evidence or experiments, however usually the evidence or experiment is weak and may not be able to be proven or verified to be true in all cases. Therefore it is determined to be a theory. A model is considered to be something that people follow or imitate, something individuals use as an example such as a formula in mathematics, directions in a recipe, plans for building a building, plans for meeting goals and objective even the way people learn patterns of behaviors. These examples are all types of models people follow in their everyday lives (Ahmad, 2011). Our text describes leadership theory as how situational variable interact with the leaders personalities and behaviors Fred E. Fiedler was the first to call this the contingency leadership theory in 1951 (Lussier, 2013, p. 115). Our text explains contingency model is usually used in determining a person’s leadership style whether their style is task oriented or relationship oriented to determine which situation leader-member relationship, task structure, or position power matches the leader’s particular style to maximize performance (Lussier, 2013, p. 51). 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? Situational, Behavioral, Participative and Achievement Oriented leadership variables are among the most common leadership variables...
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...Managerial Assessment and Development-1 Bonita Hargrett Individual Assignment Unit #4 Contingency Leadership Theories Everest University Instructor: Jill Heaney November 11, 2014 Introduction In this assignment we were asked to read chapter #4 and Complete Review Questions 1-11 on page 138, and also answer question 1- 6 page 139-140 about Case on W. L. Gore. These answers will come from the finding I learn while reading this chapter about Individuals leadership traits or skills are lacking, characteristics of the subordinate, task, and organization can replace the need for a leader or neutralize the leader’s behavior. Plus the different personality traits that is needed and found in a great leader-Managers exchange and fellowship and how manager can be unethical with some followers and still be a team with people being faithful to their leader because of their relationship with them. Contingency Leadership Theories Review Questions 1-11 on page 138 1. What is the difference between a theory and a model? A model is the structure of a theory, so one is how you find the other, because the model is a short summary of the theory. 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? Situation, Leaders and Followers 3. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? Contingency leadership adjusts to any environment and culture, allowing the leader to deal with different situation...
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...Three Shifts, Three Supervisors Michelle Minchew LeTourneau University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for: MGMT 3713 – Management and Leadership Barry Fontaine October 11, 2015 Three Shifts, Three Supervisors An effective organization is one capable of implementing its strategy in a manner which satisfies the needs of its multiple stakeholders-customers, shareholders, and employees. A strategy is implemented effectively when people and groups in the organization work in a motivated, skilled, and coordinated manner on the appropriate tasks (Beer, 1994). This theory, or idea, coincides with the path-goal theory which is about how leaders motivate followers to accomplish designated goals (Northouse, 2016). Three Shifts, Three Supervisors case study 6.1 depicts the effectiveness of an organization through four different leadership styles. Brako is a small manufacturing company that entails three different shifts which hold three different job functions. The first shift, supervised by Art, is in charge of the production line and packaging. This job is noted as being monotonous with set rules and standards that require little to no independent decision making. According to path-goal theory, Arts leadership behavior should be constructed around the Supportive style; providing what is missing by nurturing followers when they are engaged in tasks that are repetitive and unchallenging (Northouse, 2016, p.121). The second shift, led by Bob, job scope entails...
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...Report on THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MOTIVATION IN WORK ORGANIZATIONS Submitted to: Lorin Walker, Manager and Gary Hart, Instructor for OB 689R Submitted by: Leonard Winegar April 20, 1977 i ABSTRACT This report is an evaluation of leadership style as it affects motivation and productivity in work organizations. The terms pertinent to this work are first defined. Historical and current theories are then presented and discussed. Theory understanding and implementation are essential to increase motivation in the organization. Data from leadership style studies is presented showing that situational determinants, traits, and wide style range are essential to promote motivation and effective leadership. There is no single "narrow" leadership style for all occasions rather the whole leader is needed for optimum productivity. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ii I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1 II. LEADERS DEFINED...............................................................................................................2 Leadership and Leadership Style Illuminated...........................................
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...Chapter 18 Managers as Leaders Leaders in organizations make things happen. But what makes leaders different from nonleaders? What’s the most appropriate style of leadership? What can you do to be seen as a leader? Those are just a few of the questions we’ll try to answer in this chapter. Focus on the following learning outcomes as you read and study this chapter. LEARNING OUTCOMES 18.1 Define leader and leadership. 18.2 Compare and contrast early theories of leadership. 18.3 Describe the three major contingency theories of leadership. 18.4 Describe contemporary views of leadership. 18.5 Discuss contemporary issues affecting leadership. SPOTLIGHT: Manager at Work What is the difference between being a manager and being a leader? Are these terms synonymous? Management guru Peter F. Drucker once said, “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.” You might begin the study of Chapter 18 by asking your students for their perspectives on these questions and the quotation from Dr. Drucker. This chapter’s Spotlight: Manager at Work, looks at the legacy of Steve Jobs. In many ways, Jobs epitomizes the leader of a high tech company. How he was extremely charismatic and extremely compelling in getting people to join with him and believe in his vision. But also how he was despotic, tyrannical, abrasive, uncompromising, and a perfectionist. Jobs broke the rules of management and remade them to fit his vision. Students...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Leadership is a process and not a position that involves interactions between leaders and followers at different situations. To understand leadership, this paper will review some of the leadership theories which may be applicable on a leader. The paper will talk about a senior supervisor, Mr.X from ABC Company, a well-known financial institute. ABC Company is Canada’s fifth largest bank and one of the Big Five banks. The introduction of the paper will give a brief background on the leader and the company. Followed by that it will outline some of the leadership theories that best apply to the leader. The report will discuss leader-member exchange theory, situational leadership model, path-goal theory and the action-observation-reflection model. To understand the principles better, relevant examples will be provided. The paper will also mention a situation where the author of this report may have acted differently than the leader. The report will conclude with appropriate recommendations for overall improvement in the leadership process. In this paper, the names of the organisation and the leader have been changed to ABC Company and Mr.X to maintain confidentiality. INTRODUCTION ABC Company claims that its senior executives set the strategic direction for the company and provide leadership to more than 44,000 employees as they help our 11 million clients (ABC Company 2015). In this huge company, Mr.X has been a senior supervisor in...
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...Task 1: Organization and Leadership Analysis Assessment Code: C200 Student Name: Student ID: Date: Student Mentor Name: Table of Contents Organization Overview 3 Organization Description 3 Leadership Practices 3 Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture 3 SWOT Analysis 4 Organizational Strengths 4 Organizational Weaknesses 4 Organizational Opportunities 5 Organizational Threats 5 Leadership Evaluation 5 Leadership Strengths 6 Leadership Weaknesses 6 Recommendations for Leadership Development 6 References 7 Organization Overview In this opening paragraph, provide the reader with an overview of what is included in this section. Include a brief introduction of the organization and leader you selected to analyze. Share with the reader why you selected the organization and leader and what you hope to learn. Organization Description Describe the organization you will be analyzing. Provide an overview of the organization, a brief history or the organization, and include the objectives of the organization. If you are analyzing a sub-set within an organization, you still want to begin with an overview of the larger organization prior to describing the team, department, division, etc. This section should not exceed 1 page. Include citations when appropriate following APA guidelines. Leadership Practices When completing this section, it is important to demonstrate that you can...
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...In Leadership: Review Questions MAN5355-Managerial Assessment & Development-1 Individual Work; Week 4 Anthony Freeman Instructor: Jill Heaney 1. What is the difference between a theory and a model? 2. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? 3. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? 4. What are the two contingency leadership theory leadership styles? 5. Do the three situational favorableness factors of the contingency leadership model (see Exhibit 4.3 on page 118) fit in only one of the three variables (follower, Leader, situation) or all contingency leadership variables (see Exhibit 4.1 on page 113)? Explain. 6. What is the difference in the outcomes of the contingency leadership and the continuum leadership models and that of the path–goal model? 7. What are the three subordinate and environment situational factors of the path–goal model? 8. What are the path–goal theory leadership styles? 9. What are the normative leadership theory leadership styles? 10. What is the primary difference between the contingency leadership model and the other leadership models (leadership continuum, path–goal, and normative leadership)? 11. What are the three substitutes for leadership? 1. Which leadership style would Fiedler say Li Chang uses? 2. Using Exhibit 4.3 on page 118, Fiedler’s contingency leadership model, what situation and leadership style are appropriate for the production department and for...
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...Natasha Murray Professor Romary Intro. To Leadership Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. Why is leadership important? Leadership is important because it can make or break a company. Management and leadership go hand in hand when it comes to individuals and organizations including financial performance. Managerial leadership is crucial to creating effective organizations with employees who push their limits. 2. What are the five key elements in our leadership definition? How do the elements interrelate to form this definition? The five key elements of leadership are influence, leader-followers, organizational objectives, people, and change. When it comes to the leader-follower element, leaders and followers influence each other. This relationship leads to the next element that is influence where the leader uses power, politics, and negotiating to sway followers on their opinions. In order for a manager to be effective, they need to influence their employees by communicating ideas to gain acceptance. Then motivate their employees to support and implement the idea at hand through change. in order for a company to stay relevant in the ever changing economy, they need to continuously change with technology, theories, and such. And in doing so, a company’s organizational objectives are met through the same vision shared by employees. Effective leaders motivate employees to think outside the box and push their limits all while keeping in mind what is best for the company...
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...Categorize Leadership Theories Leadership theories enumerated by Grossman and Valiga (2009) are the well-known great man theory, trait theory, situational theory, and the contemporary theory. The great man theory has the notion that leaders are born and not made, whereas the trait theory categorizes leaders as that of certain qualities that correlate with leadership skills. The situational theory, on the other hand, gives significance to the particular situation for a leader to be effective. Contemporary type of leadership seems to be the practice of modern kinds of leaders. The contemporary theory of leadership combines the leaders, his/her followers, and the situation at hand for leadership to be effective. Our group all agree that the Kaiser Permanente Ambulatory setting practices both the contemporary and trait theories of leadership. We have seen leaders and managers appointed to their positions based on their attribute from people they know and some appointed based on support from their team members. The nurse leaders especially are selected based on how involved they are with their teams, how they manage conflicts and their performance on fiscal responsibility. The nurse leaders are recognized as followers of the mission and vision of the organization, that is, providing quality and affordable care for members and the vision for the organization as a leader in healthcare in the country. Leadership Theory of Each Key Player in KP Ambulatory Care Nursing Practice The...
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...difference between a theory and a model? I suppose this question is asking is the difference between a leadership theory and a leadership model. A leadership theory is an explanation of some aspect of leadership; explanation of the variables and leadership styles to be used in a given contingency situation. A leadership model is a short summary of the theory to be used when selecting the appropriate leadership style for a given situation. What contingency leadership variables are common to all of the theories? For Followers, capability and motivation, for leaders, personality traits, behavior and experience, for situation, task structure, and environment. I have no idea what this means but the chart in the book stated that exhibit 4.1 was the framework for contingency leadership variables. How does the global economy relate to contingency leadership? Contingency leadership style is based on the leader, follower and the situation. Taking someone from a country such as the United States, have him/her try to lead in China the way they would in the United States, could be disastrous. In Contingency leadership it is best to match the leader to the follower or situation. What are the two contingency leadership theory leadership styles? Task and Relationship are the two leadership styles under the contingency leadership theory. Task relates to the job and relationship relates to the employee. Do the three situational favorableness factors of the contingency leadership model fit in only...
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