...many high and low tides will a given spot on the coast experience in a day, and why? A given spot on the coast will experience two high and two low tides each day. High tide occurs when the Moon and Earth are facing towards each other and away from each other. Low tide occurs when the Moon is facing the Earth at 90˚ and 270˚. 4.2 – What is spring tide and when does it occur? Spring tide is when the Earth, Moon and Sun are directly aligned. This occurs at new moon and full moon. The gravitational forces caused by the Sun are parallel to those of the moon. This creates a very high tide and a very low tide. This occurs about every two weeks. 4.3 – What is a neap tide and when does it occur? At half moon, the Moon and the Sun are at right angles from each other relative to the Earth. The gravitational pull of the Sun is perpendicular to that of the Moon and the ocean water is evenly distributed. This occurs about every two weeks. 6.1 – How many high and low tides are there each day? There are two high tide and two low tides each day. 7.1 – What is the height of each of the following in your study area? Spring high tide: 4.7 m Spring low tide: 0.5 m Neap high tide: 3.5 m Neap low tide: 2.0 m 7.2 – If you are an organism that must remain submerged at all times, what is your maximum height on the rock? Explain. If you must be submerged at all times, the maximum height the organism can live on the rock is 0.5 m. This is the lowest low tide that occurs and...
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...Hi, Disney's latest, P.o.c- on stranger tides, is not an action entertainer as that of P.o.c - at the world's end. But it certainly has all the ingredients to keep you glued to your seats. It's an out and out johnny depp movie, where he carries it all through with ease and his usual, yet different gestures. The plot of the movie revolves around Spaniards, British and the pirates, who are all set in search for fountain of youth. Even though it sounds same [group of people fighting for a common thing] as the previous ones, the manner in which it is dealt is gripping. As the action sequences are less in this venture, more effort have been put on comedy sequences. This is where Depp has scored immensely. Mentioning about his action sequences, the one which stood out was Depp's escape from king's palace, which was as good as any of the captain's earlier escapes. Apart from johnny, other noticeable performances were from Penelope Cruz, Ian Mcshane & Geoffrey Rush. Especially Ian Mcshane, in the role of Black Beard scores all through, starting from his introduction as the captain, till he is fooled to death by depp in the closing moments of the film. This legendary actor proves again why he is a valuable asset to any film. For Penelope Cruz, as Angelica, you can never take this as her best, but still she has essayed her part to perfection as the daughter of Blackbeard. A new addition to this venture are the appearance of mermaids with killer...
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...• The Crimson Tide begins with the crisis that World War 3 could soon be started. A Russian leader Radchenko, has gained control of a missile base and threatens to start bombing the United States of America. The USS Alabama is armed with nuclear missiles and sets out to stop this attack. As the submarine travels toward Russia many ethical dilemmas unfold. The overall dilemma of the Crimson Tide is that the Alabama receives an Emergency Action Message, ordering the launch of its missiles. Intel from satellites show that the Russian missiles are being fueled for deployment. The boat begins the process to launch ten missiles. During this time a second radio message begins to be received, but is cut off by the attack of a Russian...
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...Of Ocean Tides and Understanding Whether she is writing essays, novels, or memoirs, author Barbara Kingsolver focuses her lens on the natural world. The memoir Animal, Vegetable, Miracle is the author’s testament to the power of locally grown foods. In Prodigal Summer, the Appalachian wilderness is as much a character as are the human protagonists. In her essay “High Tide in Tucson,” she recognizes that as humans we are part of the animal kingdom and that we have a natural responsibility to connect to what is most basic about our nature in order to persevere. Characteristic of Kingsolver’s writing, she draws readers in with superb imagery. Before touching upon theme, she tells a story – one of a hermit crab that has taken an unlikely journey to the desert. Her character isn’t just an ordinary hermit crab but “an outlaw against nature” with “red stiletto legs splayed in all directions.” Her words “outlawed” and “splayed” emphasize the crab’s foreignness. The crab is a transplant in the desert, much as the author is. She says: “When I was twenty-two, I donned the shell of a tiny...
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...Master Diver Diving Equipment Open circuit demand scuba is the most commonly used by recreational divers, but closed circuit and semi-closed rebreathers are now available. Test Pressure: the pressure to which the cylinder is subjected to during hydrostatic testing. For a 200 bar cylinder it is 300 bars, for a 232 bar cylinder it is 348 bars. If internal inspection reveals corrosion, it may have to be cleaned by tumbling. The tumbling process involves filling the cylinder approximately half full of an abrasive material such as carbide chips, or aluminum oxide chips, and rotating it for a number of hours. A dual valve for a single cylinder, known as a Y-valve, or an H-valve, allows a diver to mount 2 regulator systems on a single cylinder. The first stage reduces cylinder pressure to an intermediate pressure (or low pressure) of approximately 90-150 psi (6 to 10 bar). The second stage reduces the intermediate (low) pressure to ambient pressure. Because of their tendency to fail in a closed position, upstream valves are rare in modern scuba regulators. In a Balanced Valve regulator the operation of the regulator is independent of the cylinder or applied pressure. (Breathes the same at low tank pressure) The internal valves of scuba regulator first stages are available in 2 basic types, diaphragm and piston. The main valve of a Pilot Valve regulator is opened and closed with air pressure, rather than mechanical leverage. Some regulators may...
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...COASTAL SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS, GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, THEIR EVOLUTION AND THE ECONOMEIC ASPECTS INTRODUCTION: The coastal zone contains the near-shore area together with the entire continental shelf and the resources of the overlying waters as delimited by existing international agreements. Both play a vital role in the coastal environment – offshore and onshore. Coastal zone is the transition area between the land and the ocean and is an area of complex, dynamic and delicate environment. External factors influencing the coastal zone are the sediment supply by the rivers and the coastal processes. Shoreline is one of the most rapidly changing landforms of the coastal zones, geomorphic processes such as erosion, deposition, sedimentation, periodic storms, flooding and also sea level changes are continuously modifying the shoreline. The accurate mapping of the shoreline is therefore very important for planning conservation measures such as protection of human life, property, and natural environments. The coastal zone is receiving an increasing attention because of the pressures of increasing population and industrial developments. Also erosion is caused by shifting of river mouths and spits. Protection of natural resources, the loss of habitats, severe coastal erosion, sedimentation in ports and harbours, and municipal and industrial pollution are major concerns of the coastal zone managers. Conservation and management of the coastal features requires...
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...This archive file includes SCI 209 Week 1 NOAA Activity Part One Ocean Exploration Geography - General Geography SCI 209 Week 4 SCI 209 Week 4 Individual Assignment Natural Ocean Disasters Paper Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you explain the relationship between the ocean and the shoreline. Select and describe a naturally occurring ocean disaster that results from the relationship between weather and climate. Include the following in your paper: A minimum of one reference is required. What caused the natural event? Would the effects of this event be any different if it occurred at a high or low tide? If so how? How does this event change the wave action of the ocean? Which ocean currents (deep and surface) pass near or through the disaster impact area? Is the disaster affected by surface or deep ocean currents? If so, how? SCI 209 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Outline Begin working on the final Week Five assignment, NOAA Activity Final Section: Marine Adaptations. Create an outline of your presentation topics. This may be completed in Microsoft Word or in the Outline view inside of PowerPoint. Waves which are mainly caused by wind travel in little circles or orbs. Waves decrease in velocity as they enter the shore. The top of the wave is called a crest and the bottom is called a trough. The wave crest which will break as it enters the shore. You will view that in this week's animation. Surface waves should...
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...The Birds “… The vast quantity of birds flocking above towns, villages, and outlying districts, causing obstruction and damage and even attacking individuals”(du Maurier 68). The above statement is the plot which is presented in both the story and the film. The main plot is the same in both the story and the film. In the story and the film the birds attack with the tides. They rest on low tide and attack on high tide. Abnormal flocking patterns are also a common detail. This means that birds of prey are flocking with the birds that they are hunted by. In both the idea that women cannot handle stressful situations is presented. In the story Mrs.Hockens said to her husband “You’re no to go, you’re not to go and leave me with the children. I cant stand it” (du Maurier 85). “Her voice rose hysterically. He hushed her, calmed her“ (du Maurier85). In both the main characters go into their house to protect themselves but before they do that they board their houses for extra protection. Unfortunately in both the story and the film they did not do a good enough job boarding up their houses because the birds get into an upstairs room. The main character takes precautions like boarding up his house while many other characters don’t take the attacks seriously. “She’s another… Se doesn’t care” (du Maurier 75). While the story and the film have similarities there are more differences that present them self. One of the main differences would be that there is a completely different cast....
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...to physical causes. A depression can produce low pressure conditions which pull water particles up, giving to a rise in sea level. Similarly strong winds can occur due to change in meteorological conditions which can also rise the sea level. At this point the sea level is much higher than a normal spring tide, and this is called a storm surge. However many human causes, particularly the lack of preparation and costal defences, can lead to lead to any storm surge having a much larger impact on local communities near the coastline. The North Sea storm surge occurred in 1953 and had a huge impact on many communities in places including Britain and the Netherlands. In the Netherlands 1,835 people were killed and 47,000 buildings damaged. While in Britain 307 people died but over 30,000 people had to be evacuated from their homes. This initial storm surge was inevitable. A deep Atlantic depression moved across Scotland, meaning the central pressure had dropped to 970 mb by the coast of Denmark. This reduction is pressure is responsible for the rise in the surface of the sea level by 0.5m. Strong winds also drove the waves ahead of the storm. This was combined with high spring tides when the Sun and Earth and Moon are all in line. So the result was 6m waves approaching both Britain and the Netherlands. Additionally Canvey (one of the areas most affected in Britain) is 1 metre below sea level. Whilst 50% of the land in the Netherlands is no higher than 1m above sea level. So physical...
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...BACKGROUND Both mangroves and salt marshes occur in the intertidal zone: the area between terrestrial land and open salt water. Areas above high water level are increasingly restrictive on growth, and although some mangroves persist they commonly diminish in size and are soon replaced by saltmarsh communities more tolerant of hypersalinity. PART 1: ABOITIC FACTORS The main abiotic factors that will determine the structure of the salt marsh community are the salinity of the soil, the water content in the soil and the substrate type. The impact these abiotic factors have on the structure is ultimately determined by the topography of the land. The unusual topography of the land determined the salinity concentrations in the soil: the land forms a shallow basin in the center and is surrounded by a slightly higher landform. When the salt marsh is rarely inundated, the water is drawn to the center of the ecosystem due to the abnormal topography of the land. During the process of evaporation, a majority of the water content is removed from the soil and transformed into water vapour, leaving behind highly concentrated salt sediment. Another key abiotic factor is the substrate type. According to the data collected, sites B and D have fairly low water content in the soil, while the remaining sites recorded a much high reading. The soil at sites B and D appeared dry, especially on the surface, and replicated fine grain sand – this particular substrate cannot retain a high water moisture...
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...Tides The Earth’s waters move back and forth every-day, causing currents and tides. Tides are the daily or twice daily rise and fall of the oceans. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the ocean. The rise and fall of tides causes water to move in and out of estuaries, bays and harbors. This movement is called a tidal current. When the tide is rising, water flows from the ocean into the bay creating a flood current. When the tide falls, water flows from the bay back into the ocean creating an ebb current. The highest tides, called spring tides, are formed when the earth, sun and moon are lined up in a row. This happens every two weeks during a new moon or full moon. Smaller tides, called neap tides, are formed when the earth, sun and moon form a right angle. This causes the sun and moon to pull the water in two different directions. Neap tides happen during a quarter or three-quarter moon. I once went fishing with my dad at the beach and the tides were really low. We had to wait until the next morning to get a nice high tide to be able to catch any fish. The low tide waves were so far away that the fishing line barely went out. This is my personal connection because tides make a big impact on people who love to fish. Normally, fish like to be away from shore so if the tide is low, there wouldn’t be any fishes. My life does not depend on tides, however; but the fishes...
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...The L.scobina live in the MTZ when the tide is out so they do not have deal with as harsh abiotic factors as the C.brunnea have to deal with in the HTZ. Also, our data indicated that very small numbers of L.scobina could be found seeking refuge in or near the LTZ when the tide was out. However, they are exposed to the air for approximately 8 hours each day (4 hours per tide cycle) when in the MTZ and hence they need to be able to endure this length of exposure. One important physiological adaptation of the L.scobina to help withstand desiccation from exposure is that they can produce a mucus layer around the opening (operculum) of their shell to seal it for a period of time. However, due to their siphon canal- a long tube used to find prey...
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...University of Phoenix Material Earth’s Dynamic Ocean and Atmosphere I Worksheet From Visualizing Earth Science, by Merali, Z., and Skinner, B. J, 2009, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Copyright 2009 by Wiley. Adapted with permission. Part 1 Sections 12.1 and 12.2 of the text discuss the origin and composition of the world ocean’s seawater. 1. What is the current theory on the evolution of the world ocean?the theory of the earth’s ocean, is possibly the earth was formed between 4 and 4.56 billion years ago. The most ancient grain discovered was a mineral grain of zircon in the middle of west austraillia. That element shows to have made contact with water, but the origin of the water is still unkown. 2. Discuss the origin of the salinity of seawater and how the ocean maintains salinity. The salinity of the ocean is created after the seawater evaporates. At that point three quarters of dissolved matter becomes sodium chloride. (table salt). The ocean maintains its salinity because it constantly receives fresh water from parcipitation and river flow. Often times other elements parcipitate out of mineral form and settle to the seafloor. As a result the composition of the seawater does not change. Part 2 Surface currents obtain their energy from the wind blowing over the surface waters. The currents do not exactly follow the wind direction because of an apparent force known as the Coriolis force. Using Figure 12.11 from the text, briefly explain surface currents of...
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...years the world population has been increasing exponentially, and our earth sources have been depleting sharply. For this reason, scientists have been trying to find new kinds of resources that can protect earth sources and serve for long term. These renewable resources are important for our plant and our life as humans. There are different kinds of renewable resources that used to generate electric power such as solar and wind power. Recently, scientists created a new kind of renewable power which is tidal power. Tidal power is “the generation of electricity from the hydraulic energy that is produced by tidal currents of the ocean”(Culture&Morris,2006,p.449). This power depends on the gravitational tug from the moon which can produce a swift tide (Roach, 2003), and it basically works as an underwater windmills. There are many projects in different countries such as Norway, Scotland, United Kingdom, and United States. Most of these projects are under development, and still not ready for commercial uses. However, this power can be enormous, but we should think about the effects of this power in the marine environment, the costs, and the possibility to make it work. There are many projects in different countries. In United States, there are two companies which are trying to develop this power. The first one, Verdant Power, which made three experiments in New York City’s East River, found the success in providing a power enough to light a supermarket. The second company, Ocean Power...
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...high and low tides will a given spot on the coast experience in a day, and why? On average the coast will experience about two high and two low tides each day. These daily tide cycles are determined by the rotation of the Earth. The Moon's gravitational pull on the ocean, in addition to internal elastic forces within the body of water create the high tide. We experience a high tide as Earth continues to rotate on its axis with this budge rotating as well. The high tide is experienced while facing the moon, the low tide is experienced when we face 90° from the moon. 4.2 What is a spring tide and when does it occur? A spring tide is referred to when gravitational forces caused by the sun are parallel to the gravitational forces caused by the Moon. This effect creates an extra-high high tide and an extra-low low tide, spring tides occur about every two weeks. 4.3 What is a neap did e and when does it occur? When the Sun and Moon are at right angles to one another in-between spring tides the gravitational pull by the sun is perpendicular to those of the Moon making the the ocean water evenly distributed around the planet. During neap tides high tides are at their lowest and low tides are at their highest, these tides occur every two weeks. [ 6.1 ] How many high and low tides are there each day? two high tides and two low tides. [7.1] What is the height of each of the following in your study area? Spring high tide: 4.7m Spring low tide: 0.5m Neap high tide: 3.5m Neap...
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