...Associate Level Material Appendix A Final Project Overview and Timeline Final Project Overview The final project for PSY/230 is a personal narrative in which you apply personality psychology theories and concepts to better understand yourself. For this project, you are expected to incorporate your understanding of personality theory with self-actualization into one reflective, personal narrative paper. Final Project Timeline You should budget your time wisely and work on your project throughout the course. As outlined below, some CheckPoints and Assignments in the course are designed to assist you in creating your final project. If you complete your course activities and use the feedback provided by the instructor, you will be on the right track to complete your project successfully. □ Suggested in Week One: Read the Final Project Overview and Timeline in Appendix A. □ Suggested in Week Three: During your social gathering observation, focus on human reaction and the influence of culture. Take notes as to how you think culture, family, religion, race, and gender influences the development of personality. □ Suggested in Week Four: Think about where you fall in the spectrum of the Big Five trait clusters. Familiarize yourself with trait cluster terminology. □ Suggested in Week Five: Reflect on a personal experience that you think has impacted your personality as you see yourself today. Make a list as to how you think this experience has helped your...
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...business builder 5 how to prepare a cash budget zions business resource center zions business resource center 2 how to prepare a cash budget At its most basic level, a budget is a plan for owners and managers to achieve their goals for the company during a specific time period. In this business builder you will learn the fundamental concepts of cash budgets and how to evaluate your budget on a month-to-month basis. What You Should Know Before Getting Started • The Purpose of a Cash Budget • Why Prepare a Cash Budget? 3 3 4 How to Create a Cash Budget • Time Period • Desired Cash Position • Estimated Sales and Expenses • Cash Flow Budget Worksheet 4 6 6 6 9 How to Analyze a Cash Budget Conclusion Checklist Resources 10 11 11 12 how to prepare a cash budget 3 what to expect This Business Builder will introduce you to the fundamental concepts of cash budgets and outline the steps necessary for preparing a cash budget for your business. It will also show you how to evaluate your budget on a month-to-month basis. This Business Builder assumes that an income statement and a balance sheet have been prepared for your business. Information from these financial statements are an integral part of creating a budget. Without that information, this Business Builder may not be as helpful as it could be. what you should know before getting started The Purpose of a Cash Budget At its most basic level, a budget is a plan. It is a plan for owners and...
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...2016 Abstract This is a research paper about financial budgets. This research paper talks about a management director would establish policies and system for a business and/or organization. This research paper will help to explain the different style of budgets, budget cycles and the guidelines rules for set up a financial budget for a business and/or organization. Unit 3 Individual Project Introduction This is a report from the management director to establish policies and systems for the new business, I Can Business Incorporated (ICBI). This report will be delivered to the board of directors of ICBI. This report will describe what a financial reporting system is and explain how management for ICBI should use an activity based budget instead of an operating budget. This report also gives examples of budget guidelines for ICBI. Describe the meaning and the components of a financial reporting system Financial reporting is the process of compiling statements that shows a glimpse of an organization’s financial “health” or status to management, investors and the government. There are four basic reports that are included in a financial report. There is a balance sheet, an income statement or sometimes called the profit & loss statement, a cash flow statement and a statement of shareholder’s equity. The balance sheet gives a detailed picture of the financial condition of a business at a specific period of time. The balance sheet tells how the business financed what...
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...Variance Analysis The many reasons as to why the budget for this month has gone over have many factors involved. For a $5,000 favorable variance on staffing, the department head can state that the company was able to obtain a 25 % discount from a new supplier, which resulted in a savings for the department. Another example would be when you have a $25,000 unfavorable variance in sick time for many employees, the department head would state there was an outbreak earlier in the season and this was not expected, resulting in hourly and sick time expenses that were not anticipated. What we can do, would be to analyze variances by the month, quarter or year. Having budget variances in place can allow at least two sources the things that can be controlled and things that cannot. This time I know that the reason the salaries were higher, we because of the recent storm we had and it cause some staff not to show up for work and other to do overtime. Going forward what we can implement would be an emergency team for weather related issues or natural disaster to ensure that we don’t go over our budget and if we see that we are approaching that then we can implement another plan or process, to help balance it back out like giving comp time or early leave. When uncontrollable factors occur many are often external which then result from occurrences outside of the company such as a natural disasters, which can then throw the budget into a downward spiral. When we have a favorable...
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...Table of contents Introduction 12 Body 13 3.1 Explain the purpose and nature of budgeting process which should normally be taken in the preparation of budgets for Glentruan Furniture Ltd. 13 Budget 13 Purpose and nature of budget 15 Purpose 15 Nature 15 3.2 Select appropriate budgeting methods for new product line and its need. 16 Incremental budget 16 Zero based budget 16 Different between zero based budgeting and incremental budget 16 Fixed budget 17 Flexible budget 17 Different between fixed and flexible budget 17 Functional budget 18 Sales budget 18 Production budget 18 Direct material usage budget 18 Direct material purchase budget 18 Direct labor budget 18 Factory overhead budget 18 Selling and administration budget 18 Cash budget 19 Master budget 19 3.3 Prepare budgets according to the chosen budgeting methods based on the given information in the scenario. 20 Sales budget 20 Production budget 22 Direct material usage budget 23 Direct material purchase budget 26 Direct labor budget 28 Factory overhead budget 30 Selling and administration budget 34 Departmental budget 35 3.4 Also prepare a cash budget. 38 Cash budget 38 Master budget 42 Budgeted profit and loss 42 Budgeted balance sheet 43 Final review 46 Budget committee 47 Working capital 47 Liquidity ratio 47 ROCE 47 4.1 Calculate variances, identify possible causes and recommend corrective action. 48 4.2 Prepare and operating statement...
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...to the entire company. The budget is their plan for success. According to Noreen, Brewer, and Garrison (2011) it is a quantitative plan for acquiring and using resources over a specified time period. The budget process can seem like a tedious exercise for some, as it involves and affects all areas of the company, but in the end it enables a company to plan how it will achieve revenue goals and control costs. In the simplest of terms the budget explains how much the company should be spending to produce a predetermined about amount of product which will yield a desired profit. Through the budgeting process and the controlling of costs many company’s like American Airlines, are able to keep their costs at a minimum and profits as high as possible. A company’s master budget is actually made up of a collection of smaller budgets that detail the company’s sales, production and financial goals. These smaller budgets consist of a sales budget, a production budget or an inventory of merchandise purchases budget, a direct materials budget, a direct labor budget, a manufacturing overhead budget, an ending finished goods inventory budget, a selling and administrative expense budget, and a cash budget. The information obtained from these budgets come together to make up the budgeted income statement and the budgeted balance sheet. The sales budget shows the expected sales for the period. Noreen et all (2011) tells us that an accurate sales budget is the key to the entire budgeting...
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...INTRODUCTION: The budget preparation phase starts with the Development Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC). It is headed by the DBM Secretary and its members are the Secretary of Finance, the NEDA Director-General, and the Bangko Sentral Governor, with the Office of the President for general oversight. The NEDA provides the over-all macro-economic assumptions with which budgetary levels are to be determined. They involve the projected Gross National Product (GNP) real growth rates, inflation rates, 91-day treasury bill rates, the London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR) rates, foreign exchange rates, population growth, and other economic parameters. The Department of Finance (DOF), the Bureau of the Treasury, the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Bureau of Customs help the DBCC in determining the sources of financing. They project the revenues that will be generated for the budget year as well as the borrowings that may have to be tapped. The DBCC determines the overall economic targets, expenditure levels, the revenue projection, deficit levels and the financing plan. It submits them to the President and the Cabinet for approval. Once these are approved, the DBM issues the Budget Call. This requires agencies to prepare their budgets in accordance with the said guidelines, macro-economic assumptions, and ceilings. The DBM spells out guidelines, procedures, and timetables. Agencies undertake their own internal consultations. They rank programs, projects and activities using...
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...covered in detail in chapters one and two. Budgetary control is defined by the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants (CIMA) as: "The establishment of budgets relating the responsibilities of executives to the requirements of a policy, and the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results, either to secure by individual action the objective of that policy, or to provide a basis for its revision". Chapter objectives This chapter is intended to provide: marketing as a key marketing control technique An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of budgeting Structure of the chapter Of all business activities, budgeting is one of the most important and, therefore, requires detailed attention. The chapter looks at the concept of responsibility centres, and the advantages and disadvantages of budgetary control. It then goes on to look at the detail of budget construction and the use to which budgets can be put. Like all management tools, the chapter highlights the need for detailed information, if the technique is to be used to its fullest advantage. Budgetary control methods a) Budget: activities in a given period of time. -ordinate the activities of the organisation. An example would be an advertising budget or sales force budget. b) Budgetary control: can either exercise control action or revise the original budgets. Budgetary control and responsibility centres; These enable managers to monitor organisational functions. A responsibility centre can be defined as...
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...French Division Units ('000) Profit Plan (Master Budget) Profit before Interest and Taxes = 1027 Flexible Budget Profit before Interest and Taxes = 2,002 But Actual Profit earned = 1242 which is 760 less than profit anticipated in flexible budget. Increase in the profits above the actual budget can be attributed to 20% increase in sales in 2009. Although Jean’s profits were above the actual budget, French Division’s earnings were much lower than what it could have been, had they budgeted for the actual volume of sales that they ended up selling. We can partly attribute this decrease in earnings to the fact that the French division had to sell a certain volume of its products to the Spanish region at a lower contribution margin. Also, Jean had invested a lot of time in managing the expansion into west coast of France, cultivating relationships with vendors and suppliers and working on distribution channels. We agree with Jacques that they would have to wait for some years to receive the full benefits from this investment. But had Jean incorporated this wait in his budgeted profit plan, he would have been able to achieve a realistic sales objective. Besides, Jean should focus more on sales drop in traditional regions of French Market and maintaining relationships with distributors in the east coast as it was hurting their core business. Focusing on alternate sources of revenues can take a back seat and time saved should be spent on core business. Spanish Division ...
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...Russian Budget System: A Move to More Devolved Budget Management? Jack Diamond © 2005 International Monetary Fund WP/05/104 IMF Working Paper Fiscal Affairs Department Reforming the Russian Budget System: A Move to More Devolved Budget Management? Prepared by Jack Diamond1 May 2005 Abstract This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The Russian federal government has recently initiated a fundamental reform of its budget system, encompassing important policy, procedural, and institutional changes. This paper reviews this reform agenda with reference to the experience of industrial countries that over the past two to three decades have followed a similar reform path toward a more devolved budget management system. From this perspective, the importance of the strength of existing public expenditure management systems to accommodate increased devolution and the scope for employing decentralized agencies is explored. An assessment of the present Russian reform plans in light of this review reveals a number of concerns. First, the speed of the reforms contemplated appears overly ambitious when judged by the experience of other countries. Second, the preparedness of budget institutions...
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...Discussion Budget, Savings, etc., what are the definitions of these terms? According to an article entitled “Financial Literacy to Everyone” at www.practicalmoneyskills.com, budgeting is plan for your future income and expenditures that you can use as a guideline for spending and saving. Budget came from the old French word “bougette” which means purse. It is practically, a plan and list of all planned expenses and revenue. It is a plan for borrowing, saving, and spending. So why Budget? An average student spends his allowance for books, student housing, tuition fee, and food. These are all expenses encountered not only by students but, in general, most of the people in the world. There are generally three types of expenses usually faced by students, the Academic, Living, and Personal Expenditures or Costs. Academic Costs are usually what eats up the total budget of students. It contains the different expenses that are required in able to carry out a student’s academic life. It varies from tuition fees until the very miniscule expenses utilized for photocopying hand-outs from your professor. Living Costs, on the other hand, are expenses that a student need for day to day living however, indirectly related to academics. These include your expenses in utilities (e.g. electricity, water, and internet bills), personal care expenses (shampoo, soap, etc.), and clothing and food expenses. Lastly, Personal Costs are expenditures that are unique yet still a part of a student’s budget. This...
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...Health Care Budget An operating budget is a strategic initiative for the organizations financial plans over the course of the coming year. The operating budget works directly with the Statement of Activities (SOA) for a fiscal year to accomplish the organization financial goals. To produce an effective operating budget the organization needs to have knowledge of what financial management practices work best for the financial goals they are planning to use. Proper understanding of these concepts is vital for the operating budget to become successful for the upcoming year. Effective Financial Management Practices Effective financial management practices include several types of rules that an organization should follow to create a successful operating budget. Budgeting should focus on income first targeting the reliable income in the budget. Never filling those gaps with income projections to cover expenses can cause a deficit if your organization can not produce the income target within the year. Expenses should be lower than the dependable income total. Each department should be in agreement with this financial management practice. This leaves the additional programs and projects to be set in motion if the revenue allows additional funds (Hamilton, 2010). A financial management practices uses the beginning with the prior fiscal years total, and building the new upcoming year budget on those amounts. This takes calculating percentage of increases and decrease to determine...
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...Discuss the sequence in which the major components of the master budget are prepared. Why is it necessary to prepare the components in such a sequence? The Sequence for a master budget is as follows: A production budget, purchases budget, personnel budget, direct labor budget, overhead budget, selling and administrative budget, capital budget, and budgeted financial statements. Using this sequence to create a master budget a manager has assistance to align activities and resources allocations with organizational goals; it’s a vehicle to promote employee participation, cooperation, and department coordination. It's also a tool to enhance conduct of the managerial functions of planning, controlling, problems solving; basis on which to sharpen management's responsiveness to changes in both internal and external factors; and model that provides a rigorous view of future performance of a business in time to consider alternative measures. 7. Why is a firm’s production budget influenced by the finished goods inventory policy? The production budget follows from the sales budget and is based on information about the type, quantity, and timing of units to be sold. (A retail or service company would not prepare a production budget.) Sales information is combines with beginning and ending Finished Goods (FG) Inventory information so that managers can schedule necessary production. 8. Assume that in preparing the cash budget, the accountant discovers that a cash shortage will likely occur...
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...machinists in the company. He had been with Ferguson & Son for many years and was promoted to supervisor of the machine shop when the company expanded and moved to its present location. The president (Robert Ferguson, Sr.) had often stated that the company’s success was due to the high quality of the work of the machinists like Tom. As a supervisor, Tom stressed the importance of craftsmanship and told his workers that he wanted no sloppy work coming from his department. When Robert Ferguson, Jr. became the plant manager, he directed that monthly performance comparisons be made between actual and budgeted costs for each department. The departmental budgets were intended to encourage the supervisor’s to reduce inefficiencies and to seek cost reduction opportunities. The company controller was instructed to have his staff “tighten” the budget slightly whenever a...
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...A budget is a financial plan for the future concerning the revenues and costs of a business. However, a budget is about much more than just financial numbers. Budgetary control is the process by which financial control is exercised within an organisation. Budgets for income/revenue and expenditure are prepared in advance and then compared with actual performance to establish any variances. Managers are responsible for controllable costs within their budgets and are required to take remedial action if the adverse variances arise and they are considered excessive. There are many management uses for budgets. For example, budgets are used to: * Control income and expenditure (the traditional use) * Establish priorities and set targets in numerical terms * Provide direction and co-ordination, so that business objectives can be turned into practical reality * Assign responsibilities to budget holders (managers) and allocate resources * Communicate targets from management to employees * Motivate staff * Improve efficiency * Monitor performance Whilst there are many uses of budgets, there are a set of guiding principles for good budgetary control in a business. In an effective budget system: * Managerial responsibilities are clearly defined – in particular the responsibility to adhere to their budgets * Individual budgets lay down a plan of action * Performance is monitored against the budget * Corrective action is taken if results...
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