1. Who do you think is/are responsible for the condition of the animals at the end of the story? 2. To what extent are the animals responsible for the condition in which they were in at the end of the story. * To a large/small extent, the animals themselves are responsible for the condition they were in at the end of the story. * Napoleon – Makes use of Squealer and the dogs to help him control the animals. He is scheming. * Boxer – Boxer is essential to the success of the farm and earns universal respect. Despite these good qualities, he is flawed. By limiting himself in this way, he becomes the unwitting tool of Napoleon’s corrupt ambitions to take complete control of the farm. Helped Napoleon maintain his power in a way. His dependence on his maxims. * Sheep – The sheep play a crucial role as they allowed Napoleon to manipulate them to disrupt Snowball’s speeches and later to silence the animals by drowning the animals’ voice to all those who oppress him. Their inability to think for themselves and the way they allow themselves to be manipulated at the meetings mean that they play a vital part in Napoleon’s rise to power. * Benjamin – He chose not to speak up despite his knowledge of what is happening around him. * Moses – He spoke of Utopia as if it is an easily attainable dream which made the animals work hard to achieve their goals. * Snowball – As a leader, he should have been wary of Napoleon’s motives and preempt his actions to guard himself. His plan for the windmill made the animals work harder under Napoleon’s regime. * Old Major – He introduced the idea of Animalism and rebellion. * All the animals – Not well-educated and their lack of memory, they allowed themselves to be subjected to manipulation. They find Squealer’s arguments difficult to refute. Lack of confidence of their own abilities, otherwise they would have a good chance against Squealer and the other pigs. If they had been less obedient, they would not subject themselves to the manipulation of the pigs. * The dogs – They instilled fear in the animals. * Bluebell and Jessie – Allowed Napoleon to take away their pups and left them to be raised by Napoleon. * Squealer - Squealer subtly puts over lies, half-truths and omissions to keep the animals in docile agreement with the pigs’ plans for them.