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To What Extent Can Global Food Production Meet the Demands of Today and Tomorrow Whilst Remaining Sustainable and Ethical

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To what extent can global food production meet the demands of today and tomorrow whilst remaining sustainable and ethical?

In the first half of this century, agriculture will have to face several challenges. Currently food production can meet the whole worlds population needs, except it is not distributed fairly. World population is expected to soar by 34% to reach 9.1 billion by 2050, with the entire 2.3 billion rises to take place in the developing countries. Furthermore, not only will population growth take place entirely in developing countries but also it will occur mostly in urban areas that will swell by 86% or nearly 3 billion people while rural populations shrink by 18%. The combined effect of population growth, high-income growth and urbanization, with the shifts in diet structures towards more nutritious and higher quality foods, is expected to result in almost the doubling of demand for food, feed and fibre. There could be a few solutions for these issues, but the question is asked if they are both sustainable and ethical.

Because of this increase in demand, natural resources such as land, water and biodiversity, will become more and more scarce because of increasing pressures. This means that a smaller rural workforce will have to produce more and better from fewer resources to meet future demand.

In addition to the growing resource scarcity, global agriculture will have to cope with the effects of climate change, notably higher temperatures, greater rainfall variability and more frequent extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts. Climate change will reduce water availability and lead to an increase in plant and animal pests and diseases. This will affect production systems and ecosystems. Climate change is expected to reduce the productivity of agriculture in tropical low-latitude regions where many poor countries are located and where

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