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To the Kids Who Are in the Middle

In: Business and Management

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Invertebrate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been used extensively for research
Invertebrates are animal species that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column, derived from the notochord. By definition, this includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects, crabs, lobsters and their kin, snails, clams, octopuses and their kin, starfish, sea-urchins and their kin, and worms.
The overwhelming majority of animal species are invertebrates. One estimate in the journal Science put the figure at 97%.[1] Many individual invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata[2] and some of the so-called invertebrates, such as the Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Tunicata and Cephalochordata are more closely related to the vertebrates than to other invertebrate phyla. This makes the term "invertebrate" almost meaningless for taxonomic purposes.
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 Taxonomic significance
3 Characteristics
3.1 Phyla
4 Classification of invertebrates
5 History
5.1 Classification
5.1.1 Significance of the group
6 In research
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Etymology[edit]
The word "invertebrate" derives from the prefixed form of the Latin word vertebra. Vertebra means a joint in general, and sometimes specifically a joint from the spinal column of a vertebrate. In turn the jointed aspect of vertebra derived from the concept of turning, expressed in the root verto or vorto, to turn.[3] Coupled with the prefix in-, meaning "not" or "without",[4] the word conveys the meaning: "those that lack vertebrae".
Taxonomic significance[edit]
The term Invertebrates generates a great deal of confusion among non-biologists; it does not refer to any particular taxon in the same way that for instance Arthropoda, Vertebrata or Manidae do. Each of those examples describes a (presumably monophyletically) valid taxon, say a phylum, subphylum or family. In referring to taxonomy of the Animalia, "invertebrata" is a term of convenience, not a taxon; it has very little circumscriptional significance except arguably within the Chordata. The Vertebrata as a subphylum comprises such a small proportion of the Metazoa that to speak of the kingdom Animalia in terms of "Vertebrata" and "Invertebrata" would be about as practical as classifying animals into mayflies and non-mayflies, or transport into rowing boats and non-rowing boats. It would be logically correct to do so, and rowing boats as such do form a practical group, but speaking of "non-rowing boats" would lump together land, sea, air and space transport in ways that rarely would be useful. In formal taxonomy of the Animalia there are higher le

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