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Toatl Quality Management

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Submitted By mmensah500
Words 1632
Pages 7
Table presenting data and calculations for P-Chart: A B C D E F G H I J
1 Sample n d P P- Bar
Z CL UCL LCL
2 1 238 11 0.046 0.078 0.017 -1.842 0 3 -3
3 2 245 18 0.073 0.078 0.017 -0.281 0 3 -3
4 3 270 17 0.063 0.078 0.016 -0.938 0 3 -3
5 4 207 15 0.072 0.078 0.019 -0.313 0 3 -3
6 5 251 11 0.044 0.078 0.017 -2.033 0 3 -3
7 6 254 15 0.059 0.078 0.017 -1.142 0 3 -3
8 7 236 19 0.081 0.078 0.017 0.126 0 3 -3
9 8 245 20 0.082 0.078 0.017 0.194 0 3 -3
10 9 246 35 0.142 0.078 0.017 3.735 0 3 -3
11 10 269 14 0.052 0.078 0.016 -1.603 0 3 -3
12 11 223 7 0.031 0.078 0.018 -2.608 0 3 -3
13 12 246 42 0.171 0.078 0.017 5.397 0 3 -3
14 13 262 14 0.053 0.078 0.017 -1.498 0 3 -3
15 14 258 15 0.058 0.078 0.017 -1.205 0 3 -3
16 15 232 20 0.086 0.078 0.018 0.448 0 3 -3
17 16 219 9 0.041 0.078 0.018 -2.049 0 3 -3
18 17 263 23 0.087 0.078 0.017 0.553 0 3 -3
19 18 244 11 0.045 0.078 0.017 -1.931 0 3 -3
20 19 274 21 0.077 0.078 0.016 -0.102 0 3 -3
21 20 245 37 0.151 0.078 0.017 4.237 0 3 -3
22 21 233 16 0.069 0.078 0.018 -0.547 0 3 -3
23 22 267 18 0.067 0.078 0.016 -0.662 0 3 -3
24 23 254 20 0.079 0.078 0.017 0.026 0 3 -3
25 24 264 16 0.061 0.078 0.017 -1.070 0 3 -3
26 25 253 34 0.134 0.078 0.017 3.321 0 3 -3
27 26 290 22 0.076 0.078 0.016 -0.155 0 3 -3
28 27 231 9 0.039 0.078 0.018 -2.226 0 3 -3
29 28 227 40 0.176 0.078 0.018 5.491 0 3 -3
30 29 234 18 0.077 0.078 0.018 -0.078 0 3 -3
31 30 253 15 0.059 0.078 0.017 -1.126 0 3 -3
32 7433 582 2.353

A B C D E F G H I J
1 Sample n d P P- Bar
Z CL UCL LCL
2 1 238 11 0.046 0.0784 0.017426 -1.848 0 3 -3
3 2 245 18 0.073 0.0784 0.017175 -0.288 0 3 -3
4 3 270 17 0.063 0.0784 0.016361 -0.945 0 3 -3
5 4 207 15 0.072 0.0784 0.018686 -0.319 0 3 -3
6 5 251 11 0.044 0.0784 0.016969 -2.039 0 3 -3
7 6 254 15 0.059 0.0784 0.016868 -1.148 0 3 -3
8 7 236 19 0.081 0.0784 0.017500 0.119 0 3 -3
9 8 245 20 0.082 0.0784 0.017175 0.187 0 3 -3
10 9 246 35 0.142 0.0784 0.017140 3.725 0 3 -3
11 10 269 14 0.052 0.0784 0.016391 -1.609 0 3 -3
12 11 223 7 0.031 0.0784 0.018003 -2.613 0 3 -3
13 12 246 42 0.171 0.0784 0.017140 5.385 0 3 -3
14 13 262 14 0.053 0.0784 0.016609 -1.505 0 3 -3
15 14 258 15 0.058 0.0784 0.016737 -1.212 0 3 -3
16 15 232 20 0.086 0.0784 0.017650 0.441 0 3 -3
17 16 219 9 0.041 0.0784 0.018166 -2.055 0 3 -3
18 17 263 23 0.087 0.0784 0.016577 0.545 0 3 -3
19 18 244 11 0.045 0.0784 0.017211 -1.937 0 3 -3
20 19 274 21 0.077 0.0784 0.016241 -0.110 0 3 -3
21 20 245 37 0.151 0.0784 0.017175 4.227 0 3 -3
22 21 233 16 0.069 0.0784 0.017612 -0.554 0 3 -3
23 22 267 18 0.067 0.0784 0.016453 -0.669 0 3 -3
24 23 254 20 0.079 0.0784 0.016868 0.019 0 3 -3
25 24 264 16 0.061 0.0784 0.016546 -1.077 0 3 -3
26 25 253 34 0.134 0.0784 0.016902 3.311 0 3 -3
27 26 290 22 0.076 0.0784 0.015787 -0.162 0 3 -3
28 27 231 9 0.039 0.0784 0.017688 -2.231 0 3 -3
29 28 227 40 0.176 0.0784 0.017843 5.480 0 3 -3
30 29 234 18 0.077 0.0784 0.017574 -0.085 0 3 -3
31 30 253 15 0.059 0.0784 0.016902 -1.132 0 3 -3
32 7433 582 2.353

The formulas used include:
1. P (Proportionate defective) = d/n. D2= C2/B2 and dragged through to D31 or
D2 = 11/238 =
2. P-bar = ∑p/n: E2= AVERAGE($D$2:$D$31) and dragged to E31 ($C$32/$B$32
3. Pi: F2= SQRT(E2*(1-E2)/B2) and dragged through to F31 or (E2*(1-E2)/B2)^0.5 and dragged through to F31
4. Z= (P- P bar)/P: G2= (D2-E2)/F2 and dragged through to G31
5. Centre Line = 0
6. Upper Control Limit = 3
7. Lower Control Limit = -3
a. From the table above, the standardized p-chart was constructed as follows:

a. Interpretation
i. There is no assignable cause of variation, yet, a number of the data points fall outside the control limits which shows that the process is out of control. ii. The fraction defective rate on the average is 8% which is quite high

b. Possible reasons for the out-of-control
i. The defects could be as a result of the adjustments that were made to the machine. It could be that the machine was not properly adjusted for the shifts that experienced very high defects ii. …..

A B C D

F G H I J
1 Sample n d P P- Bar Z CL UCL LCL
2 1 238 11 0.046 0.078 0.017 -1.842 0 3 -3
3 2 245 18 0.073 0.078 0.017 -0.281 0 3 -3
4 3 270 17 0.063 0.078 0.016 -0.938 0 3 -3
5 4 207 15 0.072 0.078 0.019 -0.313 0 3 -3
6 5 251 11 0.044 0.078 0.017 -2.033 0 3 -3
7 6 254 15 0.059 0.078 0.017 -1.142 0 3 -3
8 7 236 19 0.081 0.078 0.017 0.126 0 3 -3
9 8 245 20 0.082 0.078 0.017 0.194 0 3 -3
10 9 246 35 0.142 0.078 0.017 3.735 0 3 -3
11 10 269 14 0.052 0.078 0.016 -1.603 0 3 -3
12 11 223 7 0.031 0.078 0.018 -2.608 0 3 -3
13 12 246 42 0.171 0.078 0.017 5.397 0 3 -3
14 13 262 14 0.053 0.078 0.017 -1.498 0 3 -3
15 14 258 15 0.058 0.078 0.017 -1.205 0 3 -3
16 15 232 20 0.086 0.078 0.018 0.448 0 3 -3
17 16 219 9 0.041 0.078 0.018 -2.049 0 3 -3
18 17 263 23 0.087 0.078 0.017 0.553 0 3 -3
19 18 244 11 0.045 0.078 0.017 -1.931 0 3 -3
20 19 274 21 0.077 0.078 0.016 -0.102 0 3 -3
21 20 245 37 0.151 0.078 0.017 4.237 0 3 -3
22 21 233 16 0.069 0.078 0.018 -0.547 0 3 -3
23 22 267 18 0.067 0.078 0.016 -0.662 0 3 -3
24 23 254 20 0.079 0.078 0.017 0.026 0 3 -3
25 24 264 16 0.061 0.078 0.017 -1.070 0 3 -3
26 25 253 34 0.134 0.078 0.017 3.321 0 3 -3
27 26 290 22 0.076 0.078 0.016 -0.155 0 3 -3
28 27 231 9 0.039 0.078 0.018 -2.226 0 3 -3
29 28 227 40 0.176 0.078 0.018 5.491 0 3 -3
30 29 234 18 0.077 0.078 0.018 -0.078 0 3 -3
31 30 253 15 0.059 0.078 0.017 -1.126 0 3 -3
32 7433 582 2.353

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