...TOGAF is the open group architecture framework, the framework is itself a well-documented body of knowledge to comprise detailed message and set of supporting tools to developing enterprise architectures. TOGAF is developed and maintained by the members of the Open Group. The original Framework of TOGAF was developed in 1995 and successive version of TOGAF throughout the years have extended and improved this body of knowledge and tools. TOGAF helps by documenting and organizing the enterprise architecture, by using TOGAF organizations can develop architecture that is consistence and reflects the needs of stakeholders, employee’s best practice, and meets current and future organization requirements. TOGAF enterprise architecture is divided into four categories the Business Architecture, Application Architecture, Data Architecture, and Technical Architecture. Business Architecture is design to describe the layouts of which process does business uses to meet its goals. It addresses the need for Users, Planners, and Business Management. For Application Architecture TOGAF illustrates how specific applications are designed and how the applications interact with each other. Also addresses the kind of workforce will be associated with application related tasks such System and Software developers and engineers. The Data Storage Architecture is design to show that how data stores are developed and how they are accessed. It addresses the needs of Database Designers, Database Administrators...
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...http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb466232.aspx#eacompar_topic4 Home Library Learn Downloads Support Community Sign in | United States - English | Preferences Expand MSDN A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies Roger Sessions ObjectWatch, Inc. May 2007 Applies to: Enterprise Architecture Summary: Twenty years ago, a new field was born that soon came to be known as enterprise architecture. This paper covers a broad introduction to the field of enterprise architecture. Although the history of the field goes back 20 years, the field is still evolving—and rapidly so. (36 printed pages) Contents Executive Summary Introduction A Brief History of Enterprise Architecture Case Study The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architectures The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Gartner Comparison Conclusion Glossary References Executive Summary Twenty years ago, a new field was born that soon came to be known as enterprise architecture. The field initially began to address two problems: System complexity—Organizations were spending more and more money building IT systems; and Poor business alignment—Organizations were finding it more and more difficult to keep those increasingly expensive IT systems aligned with business need. The bottom line: more cost, less value. These problems, first recognized 20 years ago, have today reached a crisis point. The cost...
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...Article Essential Layers, Artifacts, and Dependencies of Enterprise Architecture By Robert Winter and Ronny Fischer Abstract After a period where implementation speed was more important than integration, consistency and reduction of complexity, architectural considerations have become a key issue of information management in recent years again. Enterprise architecture is widely accepted as an essential mechanism for ensuring agility and consistency, compliance and efficiency. Although standards like TOGAF and FEAF have developed, however, there is no common agreement on which architecture layers, which artifact types and which dependencies constitute the essence of enterprise architecture. This paper contributes to the identification of essential elements of enterprise architecture by (1) specifying enterprise architecture as a hierarchical, multilevel system comprising aggregation hierarchies, architecture layers and views, (2) discussing enterprise architecture frameworks with regard to essential elements, (3) proposing interfacing requirements of enterprise architecture with other architecture models and (4) matching these findings with current enterprise architecture practice in several large companies. Keywords enterprise architecture, architectural components, architectural layers, architectural views, interfaces ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE: DEFINITION According to ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000, architecture is defined as the “ fundamental organization of a system, embodied in...
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...ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE Author: Institution: Date of Submission: Introduction During the early days of computing, the new technology simply automated the contemporary manual processes with increased efficiency. As the new technology continued to evolve, new innovations paved the way for introduction of new processes and capabilities that were largely driven by information technology. Over time, information technology altered the business environment though not necessarily in conformation with the conventional business strategies. The resulting lack of alignment precipitated unanticipated loss of resources and missed opportunities, thus placing most organizations in competitively disadvantaged positions within the market. In order to align the business strategies with organizational objectives, a new approach for managing Information technology has been established. This new concept is referred to as Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise architecture refers to ways or means of describing organizational structures and processes that link the individual business structures. It is the practice of applying a rigorous and comprehensive method for illustrating a current or outlook of a business’s information systems, processes, personnel, and the business sub-units so that they can be in conformity with the organization’s key objectives and strategic direction. This means that enterprise architecture is a strategic information asset base that...
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...Defining and Describing Business Architecture The most fundamental concept of Business Architecture (BA) is that it represents business. BA is one of the domains that comprise Enterprise Architecture (EA) that define the business strategy, governance, organization and key business processes (Klein & Gagliardi, 2010). From the literature review, there are various definitions for BA can be found. In defining BA in term of enterprise, BA is consider as governance structure, business process and business information. In term of architecture aspects, BA can be categorized as an activity and a well-structured documentation of a current and future business environment. Referring to the above definition in both term, BA can be describe as “a blueprint of the enterprise that provides a common understanding of the organization and is used to align strategic objectives and tactical demands” (BIZBOK Guide, 2013) . Another definition of BA is from The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), which is it defines BA as the business strategy, governance, organization and key business process information, that closely related to the business environment which is based on business principles, business goals, and strategic driven (The Open Group, 2009). Others have also defined BA as the basic relationship between business entity’s environments with its intent, value, capabilities, processes, and resources including human, Information Technology (IT), knowledge, capital, facility, and material...
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...21 principles of enterprise architecture for the financial sector Thiago Souza Mendes Guimarães (tmendesg@br.ibm.com ) IT Architect IBM China 20 November 2012 The article lists the most relevant architectural principles for an IT department to follow in the financial market, with details about each principle. These principles are essential for an IT department to take on a strategic role in the company and to indicate actual value generation in IT decisions within an environment where pressure and business decisions are critical. Structure of these principles This article was developed with the purpose of proposing certain principles that must drive an enterprise architecture initiative. The main motivation that led to the development of this list is the difficulty of implementing enterprise architecture in an environment as hostile as the financial market. There is great pressure on the technology segment, which is usually not perceived as strategic. An even greater challenge is showing that IT decisions can add value and differentials to businesses. This list was organized and developed based on the selection and adjustment of the most relevant principles established throughout my experience in the financial market. Despite being selected within the financial segment context, most of these principles apply to any type of industry after only a few minor adjustments. Definitions Principles are high-level definitions of fundamental values that guide...
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...Paper Case study Nantonia ICT Strategy & Planning Master : ICT in Business Location : University, Leiden Course : ICT Strategy & Planning Assignment : Paper Case study Nantonia Date : 3 June 2011 Name : Suraj Soerdjbali Studentnr : Teacher : ------------------------------------------------- Part 1 The business model: 1. Partners: Natepco is a subsidiary of Natonia Energy Holdings. Which on their turn have a joint venture with Prime Energy Group and Government of Natonia 2. Key activities: The key activities of Natepco are exploration and production 3. Key resources: The key resources of Natepco are sell crude oil to commodity markets and gas (LHG) to power/electricity producers 4. Value Proposition: crude oil and gas (LHG) 5. Relationship: Their Brand, retaining customers 6. Distribution and acquisition channel: Traders, electricity producers 7. Customers: willing market in local industry 8. Cost structure: Manufacturing, exploration, maintenance 9. Revenue streams: The IT systems being used within the business model: * Partners: Prime Energy Group is in consideration of implementing SAP * Key activities: VAX/Compaq systems are used for drilling applications, HP systems are used for running applications for maintenance en procurement. Offshore platforms uses email application and application access * Key resource: IBM systems for finance The business maxims that I found in the case...
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...Enterprise Architecture Vol. 11, No. 10 10 Key Skills Architects Must Have to Deliver Value by Michael Rosen, Director, Cutter Consortium Enterprise Architecture Practice As the complexity of IT grows, more and more organizations are realizing the need for architecture. But the definition of what architecture is, the titles that architects have, and the role of an architect vary widely from one organization to another. Business, IT, management, and even architects don’t necessarily know what a good architect does to add value in his or her organization. This Executive Report discusses the role of the architect and describes 10 activities that architects should perform to add value to projects. ABOUT CUTTER CONSORTIUM Access to the Experts Cutter Consortium is a unique IT advisory firm, comprising a group of more than 100 internationally recognized experts who have come together to offer content, consulting, and training to our clients. These experts are committed to delivering top-level, critical, and objective advice. They have done, and are doing, groundbreaking work in organizations worldwide, helping companies deal with issues in the core areas of software development and agile project management, enterprise architecture, business technology trends and strategies, innovation, enterprise risk management, metrics, and sourcing. Cutter offers a different value proposition than other IT research firms: We give you Access to the Experts....
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...Meaning and definition of data and information Data is the raw material for data processing. The data relate to facts, event and transactions. Data refers to unprocessed information. Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it. It is anything that is communicated. For example, researchers who conduct market research survey might ask a member of the public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These completed questionnaires are data; they are processed and analyze in order to prepare a report on the survey. This resulting report is informative. Data | Information | Originated at mid 17th century | Originated in late middle time | Data are raw facts. | Information is processed data | May not always be meaningful. | Information is always meaningful. | Input to any system may be treated as Data | Output after processing the system is Information | Data must be processed to understand. | The information is already in understandable form, it may be processed further to make it more understandable. | Difficult to Understanding | Easy to Understanding | Data may not be in the order. | Information should be in the order | Example: Statistics, numbers, characters, images. | Example Reports, Knowledge | Data is used as input to the computer system. | Information is the output of data. | Data is unprocessed facts figures. | Information is processed data. | Data is not specific...
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...The Contribution of Enterprise Systems An enterprise system is classified as a system of integrated application-software packages that use data storage and transmission to support the flow of information, reporting, and analytics in the company as well as in some cases it is used outside of the company by colleagues and clients. Enterprise systems manage the flow of information relevant to those within the company as well as those outside of the company that have permission to access certain information. If a company has multiple lines of products and information that is relevant to all products such as statistical data that needs to be shared with all people within the company, an enterprise system exists to enable the sharing of information. An enterprise system provides as single system central to the organization which ensures that the information can be shared across all management and functional levels Enterprise systems are also invaluable with elimination of problems with information fragmentation which can be caused by having multiple information systems in an organization. It does this by creating a standard data structure. Typical information systems are housed in data centers and would run enterprise software as well as include application such as; content management systems that would cross organizational borders. Enterprise systems provide value for increasing operational efficiency, as well as provide wide information to help managers make informed and effective...
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...DMV - CSI Enterprise Architecture Justification Paper XXXXX X. XXXXXXXXX University of Maryland University College 26 January 2014 Enterprise architecture is an abstract blueprint that is utilized to define the structure and operation of an organization. Enterprise architecture is aimed at determining how an organization can attain its current objectives and future objectives timely, efficiently and effectively. The architecture is divided into business, application and information perspectives. The business perspective identifies the processes and standards by which the business operates on daily basis. The application perspective defines the interaction between different processes and standards used by the organization. The information perspective defines and groups raw data in the organization like document file databases, presentations, spreadsheets that the organization needs to operate well. The technology perspective defines the hardware, OS, programming and networking systems used by the organization. Enterprise architecture has various advantages. It improves decision making and makes it easy for an organization to adapt to changing demands and market conditions. It also helps an organization eliminate inefficient and redundant processes and use its assets to its overall advantage. Enterprise architecture is a strategic planning process that converts a business vision and strategy into effective enterprise change. An enterprise architecture program...
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...IT3200 Scott Morrissette December 11, 2010 Enterprise Architecture Proposal Project: Revision Plans Every company has a set of capabilities that can be digitized to ensure reliability, high quality, low cost, and timeliness (A-G Magazine, 2008). Money Making Finance has long endured their IT department as the bottleneck rather than an asset. The company has done well over the years without integration; however, as the company continues to grow exponentially, all branches and departments require the need for integration. A coordination model calls for high levels of integration but little standardization of processes (Robertson, Ross, & Weill, 2006). Implementing a coordination model will allow the financial advisors at each branch the power to negotiate and customize their experiences with customers. The focal point of the EA implementation will be the integration of shared data and services by all branches and departments across the world. By focusing IT investments on enabling the integration and standardization required of the company’s operating model, a company prepares itself for future strategic initiatives, without knowing what those initiatives might be (Robertson, Ross, & Weill, 2006) The operating model that has been set forth for Money Making Finance is no doubtable an excellent decision. Other financial and insurance companies have benefited immensely operating their EAs as coordination models to include MetLife and TD BankNorth. Coordination allows companies...
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...Technology Accenture IT Strategy and Transformation Services: Maximizing the Value of IT for Today and Tomorrow IT leaders face a formidable challenge: meeting their organizations’ high expectations of IT services while controlling costs and preparing IT to meet the future needs of the business. Amidst increasing globalization and the ever-evolving and complex business and technology landscapes, organizations expect their IT leaders to make strategic investments that will support business growth and agility, capitalize on new and existing technologies to gain competitive advantage, and align IT priorities with business needs. Accenture’s ongoing High Performance IT research reveals that while CIOs want to contribute significant value for their organizations, a host of factors—notably cost-cutting mandates, “keeping the lights on” and fixing troubled projects—inhibit the CIO’s ability to be a value creator. Despite these realities, the research indicates that high-performance IT organizations consistently achieve excellence in IT execution, IT agility and IT innovation, balancing the sometimes opposing demands placed on IT organizations. To respond effectively to today’s challenges, IT organizations need to work differently, leveraging technology in new ways to achieve business results while keeping operating costs low. Accenture helps organizations quickly identify how IT can fuel high performance. We team with IT and business leaders to plan and deploy IT for the most...
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...organizations think that increasing staff and validating the documentation of their financial reporting processes would be enough to force off the intense anger of SOX. The challenge for the auditing firms was that, even though companies could be audited against the integrity of their business controls, it turned out very hard to evaluate whether any regulation subsisted to manage these controls. The big majority of social control mechanisms for these business controls exists within the IT infrastructure of any organization and is encoded within their software to carry on their day-to-day business. In order to meet all approaches for better business process, IT should make the right decisions in relation to: * IT Investment * IT Architecture * IT Infrastructure schemes * IT Business Applications The relationship between IT execution and IT governance are several: First is the strategy mission and business critical affects adjusted with Business Strategy assessed from the customer’s view. Second is the direct effect of day-to-day actions and fuller processes driven by the trusted outcomes. Third is the Results Key facilitators evaluated through the company’s share to outputs and outcomes. The figure bellow illustrate the relationship of governance, management,...
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...Managing Information System Infrastructure Issues Iris Goldston CMGT 445 Charlie Neuman May 4, 2013 Abstract Managing an Information System Infrastructure is a difficult task that involves many facets and therefore many possible issues. An extreme advance in information technology is enabling business to have many opportunities. The advancement has brought about many challenges from obsolete hardware and software issues such as when to upgrade and how to ever increasing need for storage space. Energy consumption to support the new technology is expensive and therefore affects the bottom line of any business. The challenge to consume less energy and save money is an important concern, especially when going green builds consumer loyalty. As the need to keep up with new technology to keep or gain a competitive advantage, companies have to decide whether to build, rent, or simply maintain a facility to support its hardware. And finally, as with any business supply and demand fluctuates and with this comes the question of how to scale the power uses of an IS infrastructure. Configuration and Preventative Maintenance Configuring an Information System (IS) infrastructure involves hardware, software, communications and collaborations networks, database, human resources, and security. Preventative maintenance should include flexibility, strategic, and tactical planning. The hardware is all monitors, servers, mainframes, keyboards, desktops, and in some cases mobile...
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