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Torsion Lab

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Purdue University Calumet
College of Technology

Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology

MET 21100 – Strength of Materials

Torsion Lab

Experiment Performed: 4/3/14
Report Due Date: 4/17/14
Report Submitted: 4/17/14

Joshua Deakin
Prepared for Aaron Kolb

Introduction:
In the designing of buildings and structures, torsion, or torque could be applied to certain members. Most times, torsion is found at almost all times in a vehicle, on each axle, the driveshaft, and many others parts in a vehicle. These members all need to withstand the angular moment or load that is acted on it. You do not want to step on the gas, and your driveshaft or axles snapping. You wouldn’t be going anywhere anytime soon.
The torsion test primarily measures, at a certain moment or load, how much the bar or specimen is twisting and at what angle. This test can also be done in reverse order measuring the angle first, and recording the torque on the test material. The testing of a “torque-angle” graph can be somewhat similar to a “stress-strain” curve.
There are a few different types of torsion tests * Torsion only: applying only a torque (what we had done) * Axial-torsion: Applying and axial, as in tension or compression, and a torsion force to the specimen * Failure: applying the load until the specimen fails, which includes a physical break, kink or other defect in the specimen * Proof: In this test, you apply a torsion and hold that force for an extended period of time * Operational: testing complete assemblies such as the vehicle parts listed above to prove their strength [1].
Equipment:
In this lab, we used: * Calipers * Ruler * Troptometer- measures the amount of inches we torque the bar. * Tinius Olsen- Testing Machine

Figure 1.Torsion test [2].
Results:
| Torque(in-lbs) | Torque(in-lbs) | Torque(in-lbs) | Reading(in.) | 1018 Steel | 1045 Steel | 6061 Aluminum | .1 | 400 | 580 | 120 | .2 | 1220 | 1380 | 320 | .3 | 2010 | 2070 | 590 | .4 | 2700 | 2720 | 800 | .5 | 3000 | 3500 | 1000 | .6 | 3000 | 4220 | 1190 | .7 | | 4990 | 1490 | .8 | | 5600 | 1600 | .9 | | 6300 | 1650 | 1.0 | | 6920 | | 1.1 | | 7200 | |

1018 Steel Reading # | Gage Reading (in) | Applied Torque(in-lbs) | Max Strain (in/in) | Max Stress(psi) | Angle of Twist(radians) | Calculated Modulus(psi) | % error (published vs actual) | 1 | .1 | 400 | .0004 | 4,810 | .006 | 12,025,000 | 3.66% | 2 | .2 | 1220 | .0013 | 14,670 | .019 | 11,284,615 | -2.72% | 3 | .3 | 2010 | .002 | 24,168 | .031 | 12084000 | 4.17% | 4 | .4 | 2700 | .0028 | 32,465 | .041 | 11594642 | -.046% | 5 | .5 | 3000 | .0032 | 36,072 | .046 | 11272500 | -2.82% | 6 | .6 | 3000 | .0032 | 36,072 | .046 | 11272500 | -2.82% |

1045 Steel Reading # | Gage Reading (in) | Applied Torque(in-lbs) | Max Strain (in/in) | Max Stress(psi) | Angle of Twist(radians) | Calculated Modulus(psi) | % error (published vs actual) | 1 | .1 | 580 | .0002 | 6,973 | .003 | 34,865,000 | 17.4% | 2 | .2 | 1380 | .0005 | 16,593 | .008 | 33,186,000 | 11.7% | 3 | .3 | 2070 | .0008 | 24,890 | .012 | 31,112,500 | 4.76% | 4 | .4 | 2720 | .0011 | 32,705 | .016 | 29,731,818 | .11% | 5 | .5 | 3500 | .0014 | 42,084 | .021 | 30,060,000 | 1.21% | 6 | .6 | 4220 | .0017 | 50,741 | .025 | 29,847,647 | .50% | 7 | .7 | 4990 | .0021 | 60,000 | .03 | 28,571,429 | -3.80% | 8 | .8 | 5600 | .0023 | 67,335 | .033 | 29,276,086 | -1.43% | 9 | .9 | 6300 | .0025 | 75,751 | .037 | 30,300,400 | 2.02% | 10 | 1.0 | 6920 | .0028 | 83,206 | .041 | 29,716,428 | .055% | 11 | 1.1 | 7200 | .0030 | 86,573 | .043 | 28,857,667 | -2.84% |

6061 Steel Reading # | Gage Reading (in) | Applied Torque(in-lbs) | Max Strain (in/in) | Max Stress(psi) | Angle of Twist(radians) | Calculated Modulus(psi) | % error (published vs actual) | 1 | .1 | 120 | .0001 | 1,442 | .002 | 14,420,000 | 282% | 2 | .2 | 320 | .0004 | 3,848 | .006 | 9,620,000 | 155% | 3 | .3 | 590 | .0007 | 7,094 | .01 | 10,134,286 | 169% | 4 | .4 | 800 | .0010 | 9,619 | .014 | 9,619,000 | 155% | 5 | .5 | 1000 | .0012 | 12,024 | .018 | 10,020,000 | 166% | 6 | .6 | 1190 | .0014 | 14,309 | .021 | 10,220,714 | 171% | 7 | .7 | 1490 | .0017 | 17,916 | .026 | 10,538,824 | 179% | 8 | .8 | 1600 | .0019 | 19,238 | .028 | 10,125,263 | 169% | 9 | .9 | 1650 | .0020 | 19,840 | .029 | 9,920,000 | 163% |

Discussion:
As I calculated the results from the experiment, noticed that the numbers were marginally proportional. The test of the 1018 and 1045 steel, according to the accepted shear modulus values, were quite close to the published also. In the table for 1018, notice how with each tenth of an inch, the applied torque rises between 600 and 800 in-lbs. this would also sow that are testing is running effectively and the specimen is not slipping in the machine. The angle of twist in each test is another thing to point out. Each reading we took, I noticed how close each angle was to each other and it rose by just about the same amount each time.
The experiments all seemed to have run with ease and error free, but as I calculated, the modulus’, I noticed how the 6061 had not matched up with the published pressure. After running through my notes, I can only figure that I had taken some wrong measurements for the aluminum. I should not have expected the dimensions of the steel specimens to be the same size as the aluminum specimen. This error caused a big stir in the calculation as the % errors were off by as much 200%.
Conclusion:
In this lab: * Examined how a steel and aluminum specimen reacts and twists under heavy load. * Measured the twist of the shaft. * Calculated the maximum stress, strain, angle of twist, and the Shear Modulus.
This experiment was limited by the ability of the steel and aluminum shafts to hold any more of a load. As each reading became less proportionate, the shear strength had been reached and the deformation we soon become plastic if we turned it any farther.

Works Cited
Torsion Test. (n.d.). In Instron. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://www.instron.us/wa/glossary/Torsion-Test.aspx
Torsion of a Rod. (n.d.). In EMA 3702L: MECHANICS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LAB. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from google.com.
(n.d.). In ASM Aerospace Specification Metals. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA6061T6
Torsion Test. (n.d.). In MDME: MANUFACTURING, DESIGN, MECHANICAL ENGINEERING . Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://www.learneasy.info/MDME/MEMmods/MEM23061A/Torsion/Torsion.html

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