...publisherCode=lamer. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. The Latin American Studies Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Latin American Research Review. http://www.jstor.org AND INDUSTRIALIMPORT SUBSTITUTION IZATION IN LATIN AMERICA: AND INTERPRETATIONS* EXPERIENCES WernerBaer,VanderbiltUniversity THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE FIFTIES AND SIXTIES MANY LATIN AMERICAN GOVERN- Industrialization ments adoptedImportSubstitution (ISI) as their...
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...extremists. On the opposite end of the divide are anti-gun extremists. Then, there is the rational middle—the group that is often left out of the debate. This group typically consists of average law-abiding citizens who do not believe that Americans should be stripped of their rights to bear arms, but, rather, that some laws should be tightened up to ensure that guns and deadly accessories, such as high-capacity magazines, stay out of the wrong hands. Over the years, numerous mass shootings in schools have forced lawmakers to assess and tighten gun-control laws, which has also reignited the fiery gun debate. This assessment will attempt to uncover a proper course of action via a rigorous analysis of constitutional law and ethical theories in order to restore the peace to a divided nation. The Issue Historically, the issue of gun violence seems to have haunted the right of American citizens to keep and bear arms, especially when connected with schools (Arnold, 2015). The multitude of mass school shootings over the years has only proven this statement...
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...Com 1020 Assignment 2 Introduction Mass communication is the variety of all the media mediums together, and is aimed at a large audience. A ritual view is directed not towards the addition of messages in space but the maintenance of society in time, not the act of imparting information or influence but the creation, representation, and celebration of shared even if illusory beliefs, James,(1988: 43). This essay will discuss how mass communications has transformed the temporal and spatial foundations of the social-sphere. This essay will start by defining the key terms which are communication, mass communication, and the para-social. The separation of social space from the physical place by mass communications, time and space and mass communications will also be discussed in the essay. The para-social interactions, how mass communications transformed the temporal and spatial foundations of the social sphere will then follow. The ritual dimensions of communication will also be discussed, the essay will then sum up the essay and give the researcher’s opinion. Definition of key terms Communication refers to the transmission of meaningful messages; these messages are conveyed in images, language, gestures, or other symbols. Thompson. (1997:30) Anthony R, (2004), defines mass communication as the process in which professional communicators design and use media to disseminate messages widely, rapidly, and continuously in order to arouse intended meanings in large...
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...end of World War II in 1945 until approx. 1973 (Friedmann & McMichael, 1989; Pritchard, 2009). In regard to the Food Regime Theory the development of organic agriculture in Germany can be arranged in the Second Food Regime, which is characterized by mass production, durable and cheap food and surplus (Pritchard, 2009). The German organic movement fits into the Second Food Regime not only because of the time frame – the stable period ranged from 1945 until 1973 and during that time organic agriculture began to develop (Holt & Reed, 2006; Pritchard, 2009) – but also due to industrialized, intensified and therefore more efficient agriculture, another way of farming, which produces less but organic food, was even possible. The organic movement can be understood as a...
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...about encouraging our soldiers to put themselves at danger for the sake of our own nations pride? War has been something that I have always disagreed with. I have done reports and essays on this topic and hours of research as well. The motive for war is not worth overall devastation that it causes and wars need to be stopped. War has a plethora of impacts that affect whole countries and individuals. A number of problems arise when there is a war – causalities, economic and environmental problems. How can you support a cause that is the reason for so much damage of our earth and its people? Death is something we all fear for ourselves, and our loved-ones. In a war, death is always prevalent and unavoidable. No conflict between nations could be worth the lives of our people; this is one of the many reasons wars need to be stopped. For a soldier that has been deployed death is always around the corner. In World War 2 (1939-1945) an estimated 60-85 million people were killed. That's more than triple the Australia population. And that's only one war; there has almost been a war every year for the past hundred years. There have been many different causes for war, all unnecessary. The Iraq War (2003-2011) was instigated over the assumption that Iraq possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction, putting America and its Allies in danger. After the invasion and rigorous search for WMD’s, there were no weapons found. Also, many, many people were killed, approximately 120, 000. Does this seem...
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...Criticizing Bill Clinton Speech Essay “If a President of the United States ever lied to the American people he should resign” William J. Clinton,1974 Introduction: Critics should pay a very special attention to the Bill Clinton apology speech. The speech of the ex-president Bill Clinton was a bright example of how perfect rhetoric techniques might fail to deliver the message of a president to a mass audience if it goes about his morality. In his speech, Clinton, actually confesses he had a private relationship with Monica Lewinsky. It is a rule that such a confession and especially from a person of the highest position in the society means the end of the career. It took William Jefferson Clinton seven month to realize that people need apologies not for the deed, but for the lies. A close look at the speech opens a wide range of elements did not manage to make it truly appealing for the citizens of the United States of America. In his speech, Mr. Clinton admitted he did a wrong thing and at the same time he did not truly show how much he regretted that his “misbehavior” lead to irreversible consequences in his private and political life. The key failure of the speech is that Mr. Clinton moved the accent away from the affair he had to the necessity to concentrate on more important things. In other words he told the society that they are stuck on unserious matters, while important political events are taking place. Bill Clinton’s goal was to make people get over the scandalous...
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...Economic sanctions are more commonly being used to try and satisfy a wide range of foreign policies that America had deemed necessary to achieve for the betterment of society. Yet time after time these sanctions are only hurting innocent civilians that are not at fault, and in fact are not even achieving what they were supposed to do. In Arundhati Roy’s essay “The Algebra of Infinite Justice”, Roy critiques the statement given by former U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright. When Madeleine is asked the question “How she felt about the fact that 500,000 Iraqi children have died as a result of economic sanctions the U.S. insisted upon” she replied with “it was a very hard choice, but all things considered, we think the price is worth it” (306). Roy then goes on to say that these sanctions are “massacres of innocent people” and that they cause for “collateral damage” (306). Superpowers such as the United States are imposing economic sanctions that are only in the best interest of the people of America and have no regard to the implications that these sanctions come with. Therefore, economic sanctions should not be imposed on nations because they directly impact ordinary civilians and...
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...there exists another group of Asian immigrants who are well educated and they have skilled or professional occupational backgrounds. This essay majorly looks into the American connection which led to mass immigration from Asia after World War II. It is worth noting that prior to the 1940s, the only Asian region where America had dominance was the Philippines, which was an American colony since 1898 (Cheng and Liu 74). The advent of the Second World War changed this economic and configuration as the U.S interests seeped into regions where previously they exercised little influence. Progressively, wartime involvement affected the political and economic alignments which occurred after the post-war period. When the war ended, the Soviet Union and America became interlocked in a political supremacy war. This turf led to a chain of wars which involved the two countries, but the wars were fought in regions that belonged to neither, mostly in the Southeast Asia like Vietnam. The economic and political elites, alongside the ordinary people who were fleeing from the war created a notable group of Asian immigrants to America. Due to its dominating role in the area, the United States became the most suitable destination for the Southeast Asians during the postwar period. To maintain its interest as well as prevent her rivals from gaining an advantage, America started laying the bedrock for the economic relations which would direct the capital flow and people between her and Asia. This was done...
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...introduction to the most prominent forms of media that influence and impact social, business, political, and popular culture in contemporary America. It explores the unique aspects of each medium as well as interactions across various media that combine to create rich environments for information sharing, entertainment, business, and social interaction in the United States and around the world. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Lule, J. (2012). Exploring media and culture. Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge, Inc. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: The Formative Influence of Mass Media on American Culture Details Objectives 1.1. Identify the effects of mass media on American culture. 1.2. Summarize the evolution of mass media. 1.3. Explain the implications of media convergence. 1.4. Describe the value of media literacy. Read Ch. 1 of Exploring Media and Culture...
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...Trent Rowser Topic Essay Assignment Obesity in American Adults November 6, 2014 According to the American Diabetes Association, almost two-thirds of American adults are obese or over weight. (Marks, 2004) With the most obvious cause being poor eating habits and lack of physical activity, inactive adults in the US eat on average 500-800 calories more than needed. Given this, these Americans will gain a pound to a pound and a half a week. (Marks, 2004) Obesity is becoming a severe matter in America and it needs to be addressed within reason. Should the government be doing more to challenge the problem or is it up to the individual? First, what is obesity? Obesity is defined on Harvard’s School of Public Health by stating that obesity is being overweight and having too much body fat, most commonly measured by the body mass index (BMI). Being overweight is defined as a body mass index of 25 or higher. Obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. BMI uses one person’s height and weight to estimate one person’s “fatness”. (Obesity Prevention Source, 2014). What are the effects of obesity? There are many life altering effects that come along with obesity including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, many types of cancer, as well as strokes. Social and emotional effects of obesity, including discrimination, lower wages, lower quality of life and a likely susceptibility to depression are no less effecting as well. (Obesity Prevention Source, 2014) Next, I would like to put obesity...
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...Ivo Lindemeyer Mr.Drezel global 21 revolution Essay In 1789, the flame of the French Revolution sparked the beginning of the battle for liberty, equality and fraternity for the colonies in San Domingue. Bringing about the Haitian Revolution. Both of these revolutions are characterized by the oppression bestowed upon the people by their governments, their enlightenment inspired ideals and their success upon overthrowing their government. According to Crane Brinton’s theory, A government is in the beginning of a revolution once it enters the incubation stage. This stage is characterized a sense of government injustice and a rigid division of social classes . Both of which were experienced by the public of both revolutions. in document 3, it illustrates the state system prior to the french revolution. The clergy (first state), and nobility (second state) where all dependent on the exploitment of the Bourgeoisie (third state). like document 4 describes “ the inhabitants observed that they alone have been charged with the mass of taxes, while their seigneur, who farms much of the land in the parish, enjoys total exemption.” This then lead on to be one of the leading causes of the french revolution. A comparison to this was the rigid social classes in latin america. The peninsulares and creoles controlled the land and made up about 23% of the population. while the lower classes were made up of people of mixed races such as mestizos and mulattoes or “castas”...
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...worldwide and exclusively high profit margins of 8 – 10% but since 2007 it has been the world's top seller in the premium class (Hawranek, 2008). Automobiles market in the 2000s The next chapter will investigate the main trends within the automobile market starting with a general overview, followed by wider analyses of the environment as well as investigation of the competition in the car market. General overview In the 21st century the car industry can be described as mature, highly competitive and very dynamic. Despite being considered as global, automobile industry constitutes of three major areas – USA, Japan and Western Europe which together accounts for 80% of total sales (Lynch, 2006, p698) as well as almost 90% of total output (Donnelly et. al., 2002, 31). New markets, such as China, South America and Eastern Europe are emerging; however, as Lynch points out (2006, p697) the level of wealth differs among the various regions leading to highly varying customer preferences which need to be considered when entering new markets. As a result of the fierce competition, the structure of the car industry has been changing radically. Extensive consolidation through acquisitions, joint ventures and strategic alliances has been taking place....
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...Prompt & Utter Destruction Essay By Anthony Green Walker, J. Samuel. Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs against Japan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2004 On August 6, 1945, after years of planning, money and debates that was conducted. The military, political officials and the president of the United States made a decision that that changed the outcome of the war against Japan. This decision will be forever embedded in every history book in America. On April 12, 1945 President Harry Truman was elected into office after Roosevelt’s death (Walker, p.8). On April 25, 1945 the president was briefed about the world’s greatest weapon, a weapon that would cause utter destruction on any target the uranium 235 atomic bomb (Walker, p.14). Roughly four months later Truman issued the dropping of the first Uranium 235 atomic bomb on Hiroshima three days later the a second bomb on Nagasaki (Walker, p. 79). It was not until the world saw the immediate aftermath of the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagaski did they see just how horrible of a weapon the United States had produced (Walker, p.98). The novel “Prompt and Utter destruction” by J. Samuel Walker reveals his plans, discussion with military officials and events that the United States thought to use and planned before dropping the bomb. It aims to present and helps readers understand the planning and motives that contributed...
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...each/100 points total) Why is Africa a continent and not a country? How would you describe the size of Africa in relation to the size of the United States? Africa is a continent because it is a large land mass with many countries within it. A country is a large community with their own set of political rules that differ from other countries. Not all of Africa is governed by one government, if so that would make it a country. Africa is about 3 times the size of the United States. It is much larger than the United States. The view of Africa as a jungle is erroneous, since a jungle or forested area is not one of the continent’s major environmental features. Name two that are. 1/5th of Africa is a rainforest and 1/3rd of Africa is a desert. Africa can be discussed from either an Afrocentric perspective or a Eurocentric perspective. Give two examples of the way Africa is portrayed that support a Eurocentric perspective. A Eurocentric perspective of Africa is represented in many textbooks, media, and teachings, by not making clear that Eygpt is located in Africa is not made clear. It is typically referred to as being in the Middle East. It is even occasionally taught as a part of Western Civilizations, although Egypt is not located in the West. Another example is how the Europeans viewed Africa as not having a history before the Europeans arrived. It is similar to how America likes to believe that Columbus discovered America, when in reality...
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...theory that states that a country should see to other countries those products that it produces most efficiently, and buy from other countries those products that it cannot produce as effectively as compare to absolute advantage which states the advantage that exists when a country has a monopoly on producing a specific product or is able to produce it more efficiently than all other countries. Trade Deficit states that an unfavorable balance of trade; occurs when the value of a country’s imports exceeds that of its exports Trade Surplus is defined as a favorable balance of trade; occurs when the value of a country’s exports exceeds that of its imports. Tariff is described as a tax imposed on imports Balance of Trade is the total value of a nation’s exports compared to its imports over a particular time period Balance of Payments is the difference between money coming into a country from exports and money leaving the country from imports plus money flows from factors such as tourism, foreign aid, military expenditures, and foreign investment Dumping is selling products in a foreign country at lower prices than those charged in the producing country Licensing is a global strategy in which a firm allows a foreign company to produce its products in exchange for a fee Exporting is selling products to another country "Ethnocentricity" (page 71) :characterized by or based on the attitude that one’s own group is superior Franchising...
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