Premium Essay

Toxicology Epa

In:

Submitted By herknderk
Words 595
Pages 3
As the director of the Federal EPA, I would set in motion three simple rulings that I alone, with no Congressional oversight, would come up with. Since Congress abated it’s role of developing the laws of this nation within the realm of the EPA, and since in this day and age it is acceptable to act in defiance of Congressional inquiry, my changes would be far reaching and highly effective. My first ruling as administrator of the EPA, would be the destruction of all Monsanto research and production facilities as they are the devil incarnate and destroy all that they see and touch. Their man-made poison and their man-made foods will no longer be allowed to pollute our bodies, the air we breathe, nor the soil and water that we use for our crops. Their company executives will be publicly executed and company assets seized with all funds being deposited to the U.S. Treasury in a fund for family farm subsidies. All of their lower level employees will be banished to Canada or China. Secondly, to protect the air and water quality, all self-loathing Democrats will be required to live up to their wishes of everyone driving fuel efficient cars by actually providing the funds to do so out of their own bank accounts. Taxpayer funds will not be used for government car-owning schemes. There will be a sliding scale, depending on asset worth, as to how many of these vehicles the government will force these people to purchase for the betterment of their countrymen. Said vehicles will be emblazoned with the phrase “Forward” and the name of its purchaser to encourage more participants in the “Moving Forward” program. They will also get their wish of high fuel prices, as they will be required through their registration to pay a higher fuel price than non-registered citizens. They must also pay the higher fuel price for the vehicles that they have purchased in my “Moving Forward” program.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Toxicology

...Dioxin, Furans, & PCB Emission for Residential Trash Burning MOS 5425 Advanced Toxicology Dr. Brooks McPhail October 7, 2014 Dioxin, Furans, & PCB Emission for Residential Trash Burning In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated in 2006 Americans generated 300 million tons, 12.5 percent burned in incinerators. Countless of the hundreds of thousands of tons are burned in residential backyard burn barrels in rural areas, are never accounted for. To the residential homeowner burning trash has been for centuries the means of disposing refuse in areas that do not have organized garbage collection. As the modern industrial chemical production continues to increase, making products that make everyday life in the modern world more accessible, burning that waste stream at low temperatures products highly toxic compounds releasing not only in the air via smoke but also in ash runoff, and smoke fume condensation on possible food sources. Countless toxicological studies have been conducted on dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs). That information will be leveraged here to compliment the toxicity and pollutant effects of these chemicals, yet the emphasis is not political, environmental, nor humanitarian. It is about highlighting the non-industrial emissions, choices in some cases, and for others the realization, that these toxic chemicals are a result of disposing product we receive from the modern industrialized world. Dioxins...

Words: 1525 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Vision 2021

...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 25 (2008) 334–341 Carbofuran in water: Subchronic toxicity to rats Dragica V. Brki´ a , Slavoljub Lj. Vitorovi´ b , Slavica M. Gaˇi´ a , Neˇko K. Neˇkovi´ a,∗ c c sc s s c a Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, P.O. Box 163, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia b Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Received 31 July 2007; received in revised form 26 October 2007; accepted 4 November 2007 Available online 17 November 2007 Abstract Carbofuran toxicity on rats was studied during subchronic exposure. Female and male rats were administered carbofuran in drinking water in concentrations of 25, 100 and 400 ppm for a period of 90 days. Clinical symptoms, water consumption, body weight gain, organ weight, pathological and histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys were observed and biochemical and haematological examinations were carried out. The results obtained show that carbofuran administered to rats caused a significant decrease in water consumption as well as in brain, serum and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities. Statistically significant increases in relation to the control were found in the serum enzyme activities. The haematological data showed that carbofuran had no significant effect on Hb concentration and total RBC, but total WBC showed a significant statistical decrease. The histopathological changes in...

Words: 4984 - Pages: 20

Free Essay

Malithion Risk Assessment

...Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk assessment begins with hazard identification. Malathion is a wide spectrum, non-systemic organophosphate insecticide commonly used to control ectoparasites, household insects, sucking and chewing insects in agriculture, and mosquito populations (Pmep.cce.cornell.edu 2012). It is also sold over the counter as a medicine used to kill lice and their eggs. Toxicity in animals depends on product purity and the method it is administered. Dose-Response Assessment Dose responses in humans and animals differ from species to species and according to dose concentration. Malathion exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and absorption. Human exposure usually results in nausea, headache, and tightness in the chest. Although Malathion is classified as a slightly toxic, lethal doses have been recorded for humans. The lowest lethal dose of Malathion recorded is three times higher for men than women (Pmep.cce.cornell.edu 2012). Alergic reaction to Malathion causes severe dizziness and trouble breathing. Lab tests indicate that rats do not normally have adverse reproductive and development effects from Malathion exposure at low doses and prolonged exposure. High doses can cause teratogenic effects when fed to rats through a stomach tube. Malathion can, however, pass through the placenta of pregnant goats and cause birth defects and increased newborn mortality rates. Chronic toxicity may cause mutagenic risks to humans. Lab test results...

Words: 698 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Toxins

...THE RESEARCH QUESTION The study should be based on finding out the effects of toxins on living organism. This research will try to find out the positive and negative effects of enzyme toxin in plants and animals. The excessive use of toxins can be harmful to the environment while the use of controlled amounts of this same enzyme can be useful to the environment. Toxins are said to be any poisonous substances that are produced in the living cells. Organic chemist Ludwig Brieger is said to be the first chemist to use the word toxins in the 19th century. Small molecules, proteins and peptides are all said to be toxins. These organisms are capable of causing diseases on the contact with any contact or absorption by body issues. Toxins greatly vary in the degree of severity from the minors such as bee stings to majors such as botulinum toxins Toxins are also constituents that are made by plants and are harmful to humans. But some toxins can be used in small doses and help in medication but become poisonous when used in large amounts DESCRIPTION OF IDENTIFIED PERSPECTIVE (natural sciences) In the natural science subjects such as biology and chemistry, toxins are well described and experimented on by scientists. In chemistry toxins are said to be chemical agent depending on their method of production. On the other hand, toxins that disturb organisms may be said to be biologically produced. Toxins can be either biologically or chemically produced depending on the mode of production...

Words: 1581 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Mungbeans.Docx

...Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive. Mung Beans A mung beans experiment for the subject I toxicology. Find a toxicant to be applied on the plant. We have 5 days to observe. It’s not just dead or alive....

Words: 321 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Toxicology

...Toxicology Student’s Name Affiliation Date 1. Snakebites are often treated by administering specific “anti-venom”. Explain how “anti-venom” may work. Snakes are cold blooded animals that are found in tropical and subtropical countries. Snakes have some glands in their mouth that produce very poisonous substance and its even worst through their bites. The seriousness or extend of the poison depends on various factors. One is the body tissue where the venom is injected. It’s more serious when the poison is injected directly to the blood vessels meaning it spreads very quickly through blood transmission in the rest of the body. The extent of the poison also depends on the part of the body where the snake bites. Snake bites that occur on parts of the body with a lot of adipose tissue are less poisonous than in the parts with less adipose tissue. This is because these tissues are low in blood supply hence they end up delaying transmission or the spread of poison to the rest of the body (Timbrell, 2009) Specific anti-venom is used in treating snake bite since the severity of the poison depends on the snake type and other factors. Since the venom is injected in the blood the anti-venom should also be administered to the blood In order to neutralize the poison. This means that it might have some side effects if not well used since its injected directly to the blood. The anti-venom neutralizes the poisonous venom injected...

Words: 715 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Environmental Toxicology Paper

...Environmental Toxicology Paper ENV/410 Environmental Toxicology Paper I will first explain the difference between toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Toxicants interact with living organisms in a series of five time-dependent processes. The study of these processes is called toxicokinetics. These processes are absorption, distribution storage, biotransformation and elimination. There are unique cellular effects within the organism when they come in contact with the toxicant. Toxicodynamics is an examination of the way these effects happen. There are many similarities as well as important differences between the toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics of most substances. The same applies to pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics (Olson, n.d.). The approach for conducting toxicokinetics studies that is recommended by most scholars generally involves three steps. Goehl (1997), "Step 1 is a preliminary study, which uses a minimum number of animals to estimate the range of blood/tissue concentrations, the required quantitation limit for the analytical method, and the optimal sampling times for the definitive toxicokinetic studies. Step 2 is the definitive study and generates blood and/or tissue concentration data for calculating the toxicokinetic parameters. Step 3 is the toxicokinetic study conducted in conjunction with the toxicology study to determine the internal dose and the effects of age and continuous exposure on kinetic parameters” (Toxicokinetics in the National Toxicology Program)...

Words: 1424 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Environmental Hazard

...Environmental Hazards Tammy Winfrey 12/14/2014 Robert Davie   A toxicant is any chemical that can injure or kill humans, animals or plants; a poison. A toxicant is usually used when referring to a toxic substance that is produced by, or a by-product of, man-made activities. Small amounts of chemical exposure (especially at vulnerable developmental stages) can have long term health impacts. Chemicals, such as heavy metals, Dioxin, and Bisphenol A; have been linked to cancer, developmental disabilities, Alzheimer’s disease and more (Peeples 2012). . Ninety-nine percent of pregnant American women carry multiple man-made chemicals in their bodies, sharing them through the umbilical cord (Peeples 2012). Disease causing agents are toxic chemicals that persist in the environment and accumulate within food chains. They transfer easily among air, water, and land, and span boundaries of programs, geography, and generations (epa.gov, 2012). Common toxicants include antimicrobials and biocides, and heavy metals like mercury, lead, antimony, arsenic and cadmium. Antimicrobial and biocides are used in plastics and textiles to kill microorganisms. These are aquatic toxins; some cause bacteria and fungi to mutate. Utilization of these compounds can expedite the evolutionary process leading to superbugs. The long-term effects of antimicrobials and biocides are unknown. Heavy metals are usually associated with wire insulation, solder, dyes and pigments. Toxins released...

Words: 406 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Bills

...Environmental Toxicology Paper Joshua Brechtel ENV/410 September 14, 2014 Jennifer Ott Environmental Toxicology Paper Environmental toxicology deals with the toxicology of environmental chemicals. This can relate to toxic chemicals found naturally but usually man-made chemicals are predominately studied. The effect of these chemicals on the environment and subsequent ecosystems are of great importance in understanding human impact on our planet. Ecotoxicology is a type of environmental toxicology that deals with the effects of environmental toxins on ecosystems, habitats and the organisms that live in those ecosystems. The wide range of organisms and environmental factors requires detailed analysis from multiple scientific disciplines. Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics Toxicokinetics is a branch of toxicology that can be viewed as the study of how the body deals with toxicants at different stages after exposure. These stages are absorption, distribution, and elimination. Toxicokinetics studies the ever changing processes that occur within the body during and after absorption of a toxicant. This includes where and how absorption takes place, how the body distributes the toxicant, the effects of metabolism, the toxic effects rendered and the excretion of the toxicant. “In other words, toxicokinetics is a reflection of how the body handles toxicants as indicated by the plasma concentration of that xenobiotic at various time points.” (Michael A. Trush, 2008, p...

Words: 1332 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Blood Agents

...Blood agents are poisons that act on the body by being consumed into the blood (http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/blood/). There are three known blood agents as identified by the Center for Disease Control: Arsine (SA), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Cyanide, and Sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080). I will attempt to discuss in detail how each blood agent enters the body and effects the human body. Blood agents extract from its effect on exposed victims. Blood agents generally enters the body by way of inhalation. It paralyzes the ability of the blood cells to harness and transfer oxygen to the blood. Because the blood agent prevents the transfer of oxygen to the blood, it causes the body to suffocate within. Arsine By definition, arsine is has no color, flammable, non-irritating lethal gas with a benign garlic odor. It is generated when arsenic comes in unity with an acid (http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/arsine/facts.asp). It has been reported that a half-hour exposure to 25-50 ppm can be lethal (Blackwell and Robins, 1979). Clinical signs of arsine present in the body are: abdominal pain, blood in urine, and jaundice. Symptoms that follow showing signs of acute exposure are: headaches, weakness, inability to release bowel, which usually causes vomiting and nausea due to stress on the body. Arsine was investigated as a warfare agent during World War II, but was never used on the battlefield (http://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/arsine/facts.asp). Certain industrial processes...

Words: 1055 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Electrochemistry and Equilibrium

...Application Assignment #3 – Equilibrium and Electrochemistry According to Chemicool chelation is the “formation or presence of bonds between two or more separate binding sites within the same ligand and a single central atom” (chemicool). Chelation therapy is a process in which reduction of toxic effects of metals within the human body take place. The agents often bind to the toxic ions and form structures that are then easily excreted. Most agents are made up of atoms like Sulphur, Nitrogen and Oxygen functioning as ligand atoms. As metals release toxic substances into the human body the need for an agent to try and reduce the toxicity for our well being is necessary. Most of the heavy are toxic such as lead, copper and zinc which accumulate in the human body. The process of chelation causes a chemical reaction involving a shift of equilibrium to remove the metals before the organs get permanently damaged. The shift in equilibrium occurs because when the agent is introduced to the body to try and reduce the effects, with the body being the system it tries to re-establish equilibrium by shifting from left to right. Barium sulphate is usually made by a combination of a solution of the ions and salts of barium and sulphate. Barium being a heavy metal is highly toxic. In colour it is a white solid with a crystal structure. The reason that Barium sulphate salt is used is that the ions of Barium are opaque to x-rays and can absorb the rays much better than other compounds. Without...

Words: 982 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Paper

...Module 7, Course 2, Session 18 Growth Strategies - External March 9, 2013 Discussion Topics Section Introductions and Segment Objectives The Acquisition Process – Target Research and Process Execution Case Studies Concluding Thoughts – Keys to Success Background Information on John Dickinson Page 2 3 7 15 17 CONFIDENTIAL 1 Introductions and Segment Objectives Introductions: • • John Dickinson – Session Leader Participants – Goals, objectives, questions, and backgrounds CONFIDENTIAL Session Objectives: • Why pursue external strategies? • • • Limited organic growth versus strategic goals New products / services, end markets, technologies, and customers, as well as sourcing synergies What are some of the strategies? • • • Joint ventures – private and public / governmental Acquisitions Divestitures and re-investing in the core business The Acquisition Process: • • Strategic goals and target identification / research Deal execution – the team, valuation / structure, and culture / integration 2 CONFIDENTIAL The Acquisition Process – Target Research and Deal Execution 3 Developing the Optimal Acquisition Process CONFIDENTIAL Optimizing the process begins with analyzing the unique dynamics of the Buyer’s situation, and then developing an appropriate and flexible strategy for achieving the Buyer’s goals. Process Considerations Current End Market Dynamics & Outlook Parent Company Objectives & Resource Commitment Management Team Objectives...

Words: 2731 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Toxicity Paper

...Toxicity Paper ENV/410 Toxicity Paper Chemicals that produce systemic toxicity do not always produce the same degree of toxicity in all organs. Instead, one or two organs are usually the target of most of the toxicity produced by the toxic chemical in question. These are the target organs for the toxicity for that chemical. The organ that is the target of toxicity most commonly involved in systemic effects is the central nervous system followed by skin, blood circulation system, liver, lungs and kidneys. Muscle and bones as well as the male and female reproductive systems often suffer debilitating impacts from many substances. Target organs can also refer to an organ is targeted to receive a therapeutic dose of irradiation. An example would be beaming gamma rays to the renal area of a kidney for the treatment of a tumor. Another example of a target organ is the thyroid gland, when the anterior pituitary gland secretes a thyroid stimulating hormone (Silbergeld, 2011). Target organ toxicity is when a toxins adverse effects or disease states manifest in specific organs in the body. The higher the cardiac output, the higher the exposure. Organs each have specialized tissues and cells with differentiated cellular processes and receptors while some toxicants and metabolites may have specific reactive pathways. As pointed out previously, toxicants do not always affect all organs to the same extent. There could be several sites of action and target organs for a particular...

Words: 1037 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Lead Poisoning in Children

...Childhood lead poisoning can be the most preventable illness known to babies today and a lead free environment can save their lives. * It is vital for your baby’s well-being for to get a blood test which will reveal any lead poisoning. * Get your home checked for any lead based products so that your baby and family are not exposed to this toxin. * Beware of what purchases you make outside the U.S., which may contain lead and can poison your baby. Childhood lead poisoning can be the most preventable illness known to babies today and a lead free environment can save their lives. * It is vital for your baby’s well-being for to get a blood test which will reveal any lead poisoning. * Get your home checked for any lead based products so that your baby and family are not exposed to this toxin. * Beware of what purchases you make outside the U.S., which may contain lead and can poison your baby. Mona Elshazly References LeadFreeKids.org. (2012) Your Kids: Protect your kids. Retrieved from http://www.leadfreekids.org/my_kids/index.php Mayo Clinic. (2012). Lead poisoning. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lead-poisoning Illinois Department of Public Health. (2009). Childhood Lead Poisoning. Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us Millstone, Erik. (1997). Lead and Public Health: The Dangers for children. Earthscan. Fowler, Bruce A. (1993). Measuring Lead Exposure in infants, children, and other sensitive...

Words: 1261 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Toxicity Paper

...Toxicity Paper Chemicals that produce systemic toxicity do not always produce the same degree of toxicity in all organs. Instead, one or two organs are usually the target of most of the toxicity produced by the toxic chemical in question. These are the target organs for the toxicity for that chemical. The organ that is the target of toxicity most commonly involved in systemic effects is the central nervous system followed by skin, blood circulation system, liver, lungs and kidneys. Muscle and bones as well as the male and female reproductive systems often suffer debilitating impacts from many substances. Target organs can also refer to an organ is targeted to receive a therapeutic dose of irradiation. An example would be beaming gamma rays to the renal area of a kidney for the treatment of a tumor. Another example of a target organ is the thyroid gland, when the anterior pituitary gland secretes a thyroid stimulating hormone (Silbergeld, 2011). Target organ toxicity is when a toxins adverse effects or disease states manifest in specific organs in the body. The higher the cardiac output, the higher the exposure. Organs each have specialized tissues and cells with differentiated cellular processes and receptors while some toxicants and metabolites may have specific reactive pathways. As pointed out previously, toxicants do not always affect all organs to the same extent. There could be several sites of action and target organs for a particular toxicant. The same organ could...

Words: 1033 - Pages: 5