...on Lean and Total Quality Management (TQM) in logistics and supply chain networks to achieve Maritime Port Authority (MPA) objectives such as quality of service, competitiveness, reliability and efficiency. The major findings shows that lean implementation improves processing times achieving more work in less staff time and bringing services up to standard. (Radnor, Walley, Stephens, & Bucci, 2006). It also changes the focus of management from optimizing separate technologies, assets, and vertical departments to optimizing the flow of products and services through entire value streams that flow horizontally across technologies, assets, and departments to customers. Lean helps to eliminate waste along entire value streams, instead of at isolated points, creates processes that need less human effort, less space, less capital, and less time to make products and services at far less costs and with much fewer defects, compared with traditional business systems. Also, it requires keeping far less than half the needed inventory on site, results in many fewer defects and produces a greater and ever growing variety of productions. TQM Management can be a tool to support and create synergy for inducing a more competitive market among companies. Total quality management (TQM) may be considered as a management approach to long term success through continuous improvements in customer satisfaction and other business objectives relating to cost reduction and reduce time to...
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...understand the usage of different measurement models to evaluate supply chain management. Besides that, understanding the interaction between quality and environmental sustainability is also a purpose of this assignment. The overall article will be separated into two parts. The first part will focus on the measurement of supply chain based on the SCOR model and Balance Scorecard. The second part will evaluate the possible pressure that MPA may face with in the future in order to analyze the balance of quality and environmental sustainability. From the first part of the article, there are four factors chosen as the most important measurements for the SCOR model. In the ‘Plan’ stage, forecast has been picked up for the main measurement for COSCO because forecast can help to balance the demand and supply; in the ‘Source’ stage, information management is the most important one to measure due to the importance of information availability for all the sources; in the ‘Deliver’ stage, delivery speed becomes the most suitable one to analyze because customers cares more about it; and in the ‘Return’ stage, author took disposition decision making speed as the most important one to measure because this is reputation related. From the second part of the article, TQM and LEAN are used to describe the balance of quality and environment. TQM: Through increasing the quality of products and service to have positive impact on...
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...Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Implementation of TQM & LEAN into MPA objective 4 TQM application to MPA reliability 4 Lean approach vs MPA competitiveness 7 Benefits & Limitations 8 Environmental Issues 8 Sustainable Environment 9 Carbon Emissions 10 Implementation of LEAN in the Environmental Issues 11 Conclusion 12 References 12 Executive Summary: The port of Singapore comprises a number of facilities and terminals that handle a wide range of cargo transported in different forms. In addition, the government has established The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) as a body that is responsible for the overall development and growth of the port of Singapore, overseeing most if not all the activities that are carried out as far the port logistics are concerned. However, the purpose of this paper has been divided into two tasks, one of which involves a critical evaluation of the application of Lean and TQM (Total Quality Management) in logistics and supply chain networks to achieve MPA objectives such as quality of service, competitiveness, reliability and efficiency. In addition the benefits and limitations from a practical perspective for MPA is evaluated. The second task of the paper aims to critically evaluate the key environmental sustainability issues in Cargo maritime logistics for MPA and an analysis of how implementing lean practices by MPA can reduce the environmental impact of an inward and outward maritime cargo transport...
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...13041983 Word Count: Tutor Name: Victor Hoon Executive Summary This reports aimed to identify the key performance indicator of MPA. Results show that how TQM and Six Sigma is being applied to improve the key performance of the MPA. Using SERVQUAL is an effective approach it’s can analysis of the difference between customer expectations and perceptions has been highlighted with support of an example. In the SERVQUAL instrument can measure the performance across these five dimensions, such tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy as using a seven point like scale measuring both customer expectations and perceptions. Research for this report included a review of current literature on applying MPA website, TQM and Six Sigma journals, and others journal. The research findings in TQM show that reducing customer’s waiting time would increase the service quality. The reliability in TQM would be focusing on the port defects which would affect customers trust to the port. Six Sigma show that the reducing of processes in the port to increases the quality of service through operation. The research findings indicate the environmental, economic and social sustain issues. And the approaches of sustainable will actually help to sustain it. This report recommends that TQM and Six Sigma are beneficial to keep MPA improving the customer satisfaction and also leads to quality improvements to keep the machine functioning in a good...
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...more in the future. Thus, this paper is aimed at the quality improvement of MPA service as well as in Maritime Cargo Transport. The research shows that MPA should consider choosing Total Quality Management or Six Sigma approach to enhance the port performance, maintain the environmental sustainability and efficiency. They are such powerful and essential tools in implementing and getting ultimate goals. MPA's main business is maritime service. Hence, in this report, the author applied the model that is called Supply Chain Operator Reference (SCOR) to measure the Maritime Port service and how it can affect the Maritime Port performance. SCOR module for MPA includes four process that are Plan, Source, Deliver and Return. In Plan process, the author choose customer response time for the most important factor due to the customer satisfaction. The lower customer response time, the better performance of the service is, so customer expectation will be fulfilled. For Sourcing process, there is nothing important than the partnership of suppliers and buyers. Singapore Port is taking towage service from third party and this towage service is such as a critical service at Singapore Port. In order to lower the operating cost and get higher productivity, this partnership must be solidly drawn. At Deliver process, this report shows the importance of the transport productivity in getting higher performance and stimulate the economic growth. Last but not least in this...
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...Introduction Every person has had an experience with quality and every person can give his own reflection on what he perceived to be of poor or high quality. Not until the early 1950’s did total quality management emerge at the top of firms’ schemata hence making quality improvement as the highest priority in any institution, firm or business. Based on the fact that quality comes from integrated efforts of teams, employees and each level in an organization, total quality management was introduced and applied in all businesses as a means to enhance total quality by working on each level and stage in the service delivery or production. TQM in History It is vitally crucial before one dwells into the work offered by Taguchi to observe the timeline in which prominent gurus of quality management placed to build a scaffold on which TQM, Total Quality Management, was evolved. Figure 1: Table displaying the differences between new and concepts of quality Looking at Figure 1 above, it is illustrative that a major shift happened in the 1970’s in the concepts of quality. The old concept of quality meant solely inspection after production, where the new concept of quality involves a corrective and preventive approach by building quality in the process of production and service delivery by identifying and correcting the causes of quality problems. Before the swing in quality concepts could happen, many experts tried to define quality, quantify it and relate it to the overall...
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...TQM and Performance in small medium enterprises The mediating effect of customer orientation and innovation 1. Literature Review The relationship between total quality management and performance The instrumental Role played by TQM in the assessment of production activities, in the standardization of processes and training, in competitive benchmarking, in measuring results and in increasing employee accountability has had the net effect of bringing down costs of defects and rework, reducing supervision and maintenance costs, managing inventory levels and stimulating innovation. Proponents of TQM maintained that if organizations of any size implemented it efficiently, they may generate many benefits including high quality products, reduced costs, improved communications, team work, customer and employee satisfaction and improved financial performance. It was found that firms which had effectively implemented a TQM environment outperformed non-TQM firms on measures such as profitability, revenues, costs, capital expenditure, total assets and employee turnover. Therefore, it is hypothesized that : H1. The higher the total quality management (TQM) implementation, the greater the performance of the firm. The relationship between TQM and consumer orientation Improving quality by itself is not sufficient, what matters is enhancing the customer’s perception of quality. This is particularly important since many quality improvement efforts have been criticized...
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...advantages of Total Quality Management. - TQM is a management approach centred on quality, based on the participation of an organisation's people and aiming at long term success. Achieved through customer satisfaction. - Total Quality Management is a management technique used by managers in the production chain and who deal with the tactical and operational decisions. The TQM is organised from senior management and implemented by supervisors and employees in the production area. TQM is a process whereby the need to get everything right the first time and to continually improve the business production is required. Getting things right first time is important to ensure that the business focuses on the customer. - The advantages of total quality management is that the company benefits by having a dedicated workforce who strive and achieve in improving the production line. The raw materials would have to be inspected by workers and line managers to ensure that the goods are free from defects which eliminates and reduces wastage. This in turn reduces costs. The TQM method also has the advantage by having a more productive and successful workforce strategy also has better motivation. The TQM also works by having quality circles of team members and management where their ideas in improving the decision making process is also accomplished. The focus is on the customer in meeting their needs first. Where goods are ordered and distributed the TQM works by coordinating deliveries of supplies...
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...Executive Summary: Total quality management and lean provide a means to improve the delivery of services using a disciplined, qualitative and minimalistic approach. They also bring numerous advantages to an organization and the surrounding environment if implemented properly, but it also risks being regarded as another management or profit oriented move. This paper aims to evaluate these business processes, and provide guidelines for the application of total quality management and Lean in the port activities in Singapore, through its maritime port authority. As this is the scope of the paper, an analysis is also carried out to identify the areas that the maritime port authority of Singapore has applied these measures, the impact of these methods as well as recommendation of aspects that can be leaned in order to improve both port activities and sustainability. Secondary data sources is the main methodological method used in this paper, and various pieces of information have been retrieved from these sources to indicate and support claims made in this paper In addition, this paper is targeted towards administrators and scholars responsible for a wide range of public-sector services, including those provided to citizens and those provided to internal customers both in the logistics and supply chain industry such as ports authorities, and as a business process improvement measure. Introduction: The economic development in Asia, and in particularly in the south...
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...implemented just-in-time programs designed to minimize the amount of inventory on hand. These companies identified significant benefits from reducing all types of inventories—raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods—to the lowest possible levels. Total quality management (TQM): Quality programs go by several names, including TQM, zero defect programs, and six sigma programs. Theory of constraints: The theory of constraints is an operations management technique that decreases inventory levels and increase throughput in a manufacturing setting. Lean production and the lean enterprise: In recent years, the term “lean” has been adopted by some organizations to describe the organization’s comprehensive effort to apply state-of-the-art management practices to improve quality and customer satisfaction, reduce costs and production lead-times, and increase value-creation. Activity based costing: Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing methodology that identifies activities in an organization and assigns the cost of each activity with resources to all products and services according to the actual consumption by each. Activity-Based Budgeting: A method of budgeting in which the activities that incur costs in every...
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...about organizations is that, though they are tools, each nevertheless has a life of its own". While he acknowledges rational view that organizations are designed to attain goals, he notes that the formal structures can never conquer the non-rational dimensions of organizational behaviour. Individuals do not act purely based on their formal roles. Organizations do not act purely based on formal structures. Selznick notes that individuals bring other commitments to the organization that can restrict rational decision-making. Institutions exert a constraining influence over organizations, called isomorphism that forces organizations in the same population to resemble other organizations that face the same set of environmental conditions (Hawley, 1968). Then, the isomorphism was further discussed by DiMaggio and Powell (1983) where the analysis of institutions exert three types of isomorphic pressure on organizations: coercive, normative, and mimetic. Coercive isomorphism refers to pressure from entities who have resources on which an organization depends. Mimetic isomorphism refers to the imitation or copying of other successful organizations when an organization is uncertain about what to do. Normative isomorphism refers to following professional standards and practices established by education and training methods, professional networks, and movement of employees...
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...Extensive research has indicated that cost reduction strategies may promote the implementation of green strategies in global maritime logistics and the MPA. In this report, the utilisation as well as impacts of Lean and Six Sigma strategies will be analysed. In addition to this, the two strategies will be compared and contrasted. Lean and Six Sigma assist in working efficiently and reducing wastes. In recent times, IT has proven to be a vital tool in assisting organisations and global maritime logistics. This report will examine the relationship between IT and quality (TQM), efficiency (Lean) and collaboration and has shown assist them in their objectives and gain a competitive edge. This report has shown that IT has proven to be effective in helping organisations and global supply networks work and communicate among one another effectively and efficiently. 1.0 INTRODUCTION In this report, its main focus is on determining the most optimal cost reduction strategies in the implementation of green strategies in global maritime logistics such as the Singapore maritime logistics network or Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) and for this particular paper, the researcher has chosen two specific cost reduction strategies specifically: Six Sigma and Lean. Container ports the world over are increasing at an alarming rate and ports have to take into account of its efficiency, throughput and green performance. TASK 1 2.0 COST REDUCTION STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES ...
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...emeraldinsight.com/0954-478X.htm TQM 17,2 RESEARCH AND CONCEPTS Components of successful total quality management ´ ´ Juan Jose Tarı Department of Business Management, University of Alicante, Spain Abstract Purpose – According to the literature, quality management consists of a set of components: critical factors, tools, techniques and practices. The purpose of this paper is: to identify the components of total quality management (TQM), in order to make them known to managers and thus facilitate successful quality management implementation, and to show the situation of 106 ISO 9000 certified firms concerning these components. Design/methodology/approach – In order to achieve this objective, a literature review and a survey based on 106 ISO 9000 certified firms in Spain were developed. Findings – The results reflect that certified firms must develop their people orientation 1and use techniques and tools to a higher extent in order to progress towards total quality. Originality/value – The value of the paper is point out which TQM components are important to successfully implement TQM and identify the situation of these components in ISO 9000 certified firms in a particular area. Keywords Total quality management, ISO 9000 series, Spain Paper type Research paper 182 The TQM Magazine Vol. 17 No. 2, 2005 pp. 182-194 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0954-478X DOI 10.1108/09544780510583245 Introduction Total quality management (TQM) allows firms to obtain a high degree...
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...can be described as multinational companies, it is expected to have results that will support differences in TQM adoption, regarding the transfer of practices and obstacles observed, when compared with the different regions in the world, especially with the early adopters, such as Japan and United States of America. In addition, it is of importance to state that in the testing process the Statistical Package for Social Science, Version 16, was used and that the exploration of the tests are in compliance with the framework proposed. The report starts with the brief introduction, then proceeds to the brief literature review that synthesizes expectations of the tests, that are fully explained and utilized, and concludes with proposals and remarks for the further tests and explorations. Literature review “Characteristic or standard measure of excellence; basic characteristic of something. Quality is a measure of the degree to which something meets a standard” (Jack P. Friedman Barron's Dictionary of Business Terms, 2001.) Total Quality Management (TQM) can be described nowadays as an established concept that manages to capture various improvement mechanisms through incorporation of different management practices (Crainer and Dearlove, 2006). The actual notation of the term today does not only presupposes theories that are arguing that within sharp competition TQM is predominant approach, but explains in what manner one, at first theoretical,...
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...firm Product liability: Global implications: Cost of Quality: The cost of doing things wrong – that is, the price of nonconformance Prevention costs: Anticipated, proactive measures Appraisal costs: Evaluation, reactive measures Internal failure: External costs: Prize Awards: Malcom Baldrige: USA Deming Prize: ASIA International Quality Standards: ISO 9000: A set of quality standards develop by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO 14000: A series of environmental management standards established by the International Organization Standardization (ISO) Total Quality Management (TQM): Management of an entire organization so that it excels in all aspects of products and services that is important to the customer. Continuous Improvement: Plan – Do – Check – Act (PDCA): A continuous improvement model of plan, do, check and act. Six Sigma: A program to save time, improve quality, and lower costs. Employee Empowerment: Enlarging employee job so that the added responsibility and authority is moved to the lowest level possible I the organization. Quality Circle: A group of employees meeting regularly with a facilitator to solve work – related problems in their work area. Benchmarking: Selecting a demonstrated standard of performance that represents the very best performance for a process or an activity. Just In Time (JIT): JIT cuts the cost of quality JIT improves quality Taguchi Concepts:...
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