...Global Financial Management FIN630 AIU Abstract This paper will have a comparative advantage of Vernon's product life-cycle theory of FDI. It will discuss green field investments over cross-border acquisitions and political risk of capital budgeting process of foreign investment projects. It will also discuss forward versus backward internalization and currency exchange risk into the capital budgeting process of foreign investment. Global Financial Management Vernon’s Product Life-Cycle Theory Raymond Vernon proposed his Product Life Cycle (PLC) theory in the mid 1960’s, based on product development and international trend observations of the US role at the time. The PLC theory stated that new products would first be developed and introduced in the US. Advanced markets, such as Europe and Japan, had their demand grow which caused the US to export the new product until the demand levels in the foreign country required the production in the advanced markets. Cost factors become significant as the product reached a maturity phase in the life cycle which warrants the production at the most efficient location. That results in advanced markets exporting the product back to the US. The product is produced in plants located in developing countries because these countries hold a relatively low cost production advantage, as competition further increased in the global market place. The product would once again be exported back to the US (Hill, 2009). Firms will commence...
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...The standpoint theory focuses on how an individual's location within a culture shapes what the individual experiences, knows, feels, does, and understands social life as a whole (Wood, 2009). This theory can be used to enrich our understanding of why people communicate in different ways and it empowers the viewpoints of the marginalized (CommunicationStudies.com, 2011). The major contribution of standpoint theory is that it can be used to show how our different social locations (e.g. according to gender) provide the possibility of having different standpoints (Wood, 2009) which then affects how individuals develop particular perspectives, identities, skills, and understandings as a result of their standpoint within society. Plan’s (2011) research into gender expectations demonstrates that in many settings boys and men are encouraged to be ‘tough’, are put under pressure to be heads of households and often face institutionalized violence, much at the hands of other men through choice of profession. The...
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...*Nike Identify and research a cultural issue that affects this organization's interactions outside the United States. Define the issue and provide an overview of how became an issue in the organization. Prepare an analysis of the ethical and social responsibility issues your organization must deal with as a result of being global. Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper summarizing the results of the analysis. Include the following: • Identify ethical perspectives in the global organization. • Compare these perspectives across cultures involved in the organization. • Describe a viable solution for this issue that could be acceptable by all stakeholders. Introduction: The Nike Corporation In today’s economy, there are several corporation that use multinational tactics in order to make their business strive and successful. A great benefit of multinational corporations is that it helps create wealth and jobs around the world. These corporations also offer much needed foreign currency for developing economies. However, there are many disadvantages such as multinational companies have monopoly power which enables them to make excess profit and pushing local shops off the map. A global multinational company that is very recognized and popular around the world is The Nike Corporation. The Nike Corporation was originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). It was founded in January 1964 by Philip Knight, which was a University of Oregon track athlete, and his coach...
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...A Paper Presentation On “Magnetic Levitation Trains” For [pic] ABSTRACT Imagine a train that doesn't touch its track and think of the potential for lower guide way maintenance costs as a result. Imagine a train that speeds along much faster than anything on the highway with a ride as smooth as silk. Imagine that train being capable of speeds higher than any other ground-based transportation system. Maglev can provide this speed and compete directly with airline travel. As stated by American Maglev, "Maglev means magnetically levitated and propelled vehicles. The advantage of maglev is that it can achieve very high speed and acceleration/deceleration performance because the vehicles essentially "fly" at very low altitudes - unlike trains or cars; there is no surface contact or "friction" to slow them down. More speed = more passengers." Only when we have real revenue-producing systems in operation will be able to prove whether this is true or not. In Maglev—which is short for MAGNETIC LEVITATION—high speed vehicles are lifted by magnetic repulsion, and propelled along an elevated guide way by powerful magnets attached to the vehicle. The vehicles do not physically contact the guide way, do not need engines, and do not burn fuel. Instead, they are magnetically propelled by electric power fed to coils located on the guide way. Indeed this is the beginning...
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...Which Browser is Best: Determining the Benefits to Each Browser Which Browser is Best: Determining the Benefits to Each Browser The purpose of this research paper is to take the reviews from users to help highlight both the positives as well as the negatives of the top four widely used Internet browsers, which will ultimately help determine which browser is the best available for consumers to use. The purpose of this study is to determine which browser is the best out of the four, and to highlight the best features from each browser, and determine their significance on how each feature is. The significance of the study is to analyze the information given on each browser and translate it into information that Internet users can take away to help them determine which browser is the best one for them between Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox, and Chrome. The Internet has become more readily available across the globe which has caused many software developers to create their own Internet browser. In the past couple of years there has been a flood of Internet browsers available for use (Bidgoli, 2009). When the Internet was only available in select countries there was only a select number of browsers that a user could use to access the Internet. The Internet is only going to become available to more people which will most likely bring more Internet browsers to the market. There are currently millions of users that are accessing the Internet daily and each browser...
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...When Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spanking by a parent for misbehaving may carry on this behavior as an acceptable form of punishment for their own children. Others believe spanking to be an outdated punishment that is cruel and can cross the line to physical abuse. 2010 NATIONAL ABUSE STATISTICS NATIONAL ABUSE STATISTICS - - (www.nationalchildrensalliance.org) nearly five children die every day in America from abuse and neglect. In 2010, an estimated 1,560 children died from abuse and neglect in the United States. Nearly 80% of reported child fatalities as a result of abuse and neglect were caused by one or more of the child victim's parents. Children Welfare League of America (www.cwla.org) In 2010, Connecticut had 45,313 total referrals for child abuse and neglect. Of those, 25,777 reports were referred for investigation and in 2010, 4 children in Connecticut died as a result of...
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... chapter1 When Egypt fell under the rule of a Greek dynasty, the Ptolemies (332‐30 BC), the numerous scattered government granaries were transformed into a network of grain banks Greek and Roman link The Greeks coined money and developed a system of credit. The Roman Empire had a highly developed banking system, and its bankers accepted deposits of money, made loans, and purchased mortgages History of International Banking Collapsing Roman Empire in AD 476 was a major set back and banking declined in Europe. Italians are the first to have organised international banking due to the increase of trade in the 13th‐ century. The moneychangers of the Italian states developed facilities for exchanging local and foreign currency. As trade is growing, merchants demanded other services, such as lending money, and gradually bank services were expanded. Banking in the modern sense of the word can be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy, to the rich cities in the north such as Florence, Venice and Genoa. First reported international banks were established in Genoa, Milan, Venice and Florence in 12th Century According to the Encarta encyclopaedia the first bank to offer most of the basic banking functions known today was the Bank of Barcelona in Spain. This was founded by merchants in 1401. This bank held deposits, exchanged currency, and carried out lending operations. It also is believed to have introduced the bank check. Three other early banks, each managed by...
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...TU-53.1360 Cross-Cultural Management Assignment 1.12 Mister Y Mister X Mister Z Mister W Mister Q Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Group Members and Dynamics of Team............................................................................... 2 2.1. Mister Y ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Mister X ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3. Mister Z ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.4. Mister W ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.5. Mister Q ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.6. Dynamics of the team .................................................................................................................
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...energy security concerns will intensify. The outlook and options for Indian energy independence therefore becomes an important topic. A 2030 outlook is particularly relevant since it is difficult to significantly change energy policy in 5 or 10 years, but almost any boundary conditions can be changed over a 15-year period. Moreover, there have been few if any, in-depth perspectives on this topic for 2030. This white paper builds off the ‘2030 Global Energy Perspective’, McKinsey’s substantial body of research on energy demand and supply, and our understanding of the evolution of the global and Indian energy sectors. We have tried to address some of the basic questions that arise about Indian energy in 2030: Is India’s current energy trajectory sustainable, as is or with some adjustments? To what extent can India aim to achieve energy independence by 2030? What opportunities does India have to increase domestic energy supply and curb demand over and above the current trajectory? How can we make the most of the new global supply dynamics and technologies? This paper is a thought starter, intended to...
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...On Shelf Availability in Asia Pacific 2011-2012 A study into the current state of OSA in Asia Pacific and the case for change In conjunction with The ECR On-Shelf Availability Working Group The ECR On-Shelf Availability Working Group Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) Efficient Consumer Response Asia Pacific (ECR AP) is an independent joint trade and industry body, which is co-chaired by representatives from the retail sector and the manufacturing sector. It promotes the use of Efficient Consumer Response techniques in Fast Moving Consumer Good (FMCG) retailing to remove unnecessary costs from the supply chain and make the sector, as a whole, more responsive to consumer demand. For more information please contact: ECR AP follows the Consumer Goods Forum focusing around five strategic priorities – Emerging Trends, Sustainability, Safety & Health, Operational Excellence and Knowledge Sharing & People Development Under operational excellence, one of the initiatives is the OSA working group which is a collaboration between members, Accenture, Unilever and Diageo. For more information please contact: Ivett Katalin Nagy, Executive Director, ECR Asia Pacific ivett@ecr-all.org Alfons Van-Woerkom Alfons.Van-Woerkom@unilever.com Unilever With more than 400 brands focused on health and wellbeing, no company touches so many people’s lives in so many different ways. Our portfolio ranges from nutritionally balanced foods to indulgent ice creams, affordable soaps, luxurious...
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...International Finance: A Course Overview Mihir A. Desai* Harvard University and NBER ABSTRACT This paper describes the International Finance course at Harvard Business School for instructors considering adopting the associated material. The paper begins by arguing that the forces of globalization have fundamentally changed the scope and activities of firms thereby altering the practice of finance within these firms. As a consequence of an increasing reliance on tightly-integrated foreign operations, a parallel world of finance has been opened within every multinational firm and this world has, heretofore, been overlooked. The course materials are designed to address the many aspects of financial decision making within global firms prompted by these changes that are not addressed in traditional materials. The paper provides an overview of the structure of the course and its seven modules with particular emphasis on the three modules that constitute the core of the course. The paper also describes an analytical framework that has been developed through the creation of the course materials to guide critical financial decisions on financing, investment, risk management and incentive management within a multinational firm. This framework emphasizes the need to reconcile conflicting forces in order for multinational firms to gain competitive advantage from their internal capital markets. The paper concludes with a discussion of the course's pedagogical approach and detailed descriptions of...
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...China’s Economic Growth 1978-2025: What We Know Today about China’s Economic Growth Tomorrow Views of the future China vary widely. While some believe that the collapse of China is inevitable, others see the emergence of a new superpower that increasingly poses a threat to the U.S. This paper examines the economic growth prospects of China over the next two decades. Extrapolating past real GDP growth rates into the future, the size of the Chinese economy surpasses that of the U.S. in purchasing power terms between 2012 and 2015; by 2025, China is likely to be the world's largest economic power by almost any measure. The extrapolations are supported by two types of considerations. First, China’s growth patterns of the past 25 years since the beginning of economic reforms match well those identified by standard economic development and trade theories (structural change, catching up, and factor price equalization). Second, decomposing China’s GDP growth into growth of labor and other variables, the near-certain information available today about the quantity and quality of Chinese laborers through 2015, if not several years after, allows inferences about future GDP growth. Short of some cataclysmic event, demographics alone suggests China’s continued economic rise. If talent is randomly distributed in the world population and if agglomeration of talent is important, then the odds are strongly in China’s favor. Introduction The rapid economic growth of China since the...
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...CONSUMER SWITCHING BEHAVIOUR ABSTRACT Due to the increased competition and high costs of acquisition in the cellular industry, it has become increasingly important for companies to focus on retaining clients. This paper outlines the current industry conditions and studies the causes of consumer switching behaviour, as outlined by Susan Keaveney (1995) in her study of the service industry, and identifies additional factors specific to the cellular industry. The focus of the study is to identify the most important factors that cause consumers to switch. Using primary research, the author evaluates how TELUS Mobility is rated on each of the factors against the competition, by its own clients and the competitor's clients. Finally, the author provides recommendations to TELUS Mobility to effectively enhance its customer retention and build long-term client relationships. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Increase in demand for cellular phone service in the Canadian market has led to new entrants into the cellular industry. However, with the major players looking at expanding nationally, there have been a number of acquisitions. Until 2000, there were five service providers in the industry. With the acquisition of Clearnet by TELUS Mobility in 2000 and Microcell by Rogers AT&T earlier this year, there are only three large players left in the industry- Rogers Cantel, Bell Mobility and TELUS Mobility. The biggest...
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...Submitted By: Ankur Chauhan Roll No: 09 PGDM IB 2013-15(IIIrd trim) Submitted By: Ankur Chauhan Roll No: 09 PGDM IB 2013-15(IIIrd trim) GUIDE: Dr. POONAM CHAUHAN GUIDE: Dr. POONAM CHAUHAN International Marketing Strategy in Automobile Sector in Emerging market International Marketing Strategy in Automobile Sector in Emerging market Research Paper Research Paper Abstract Globalization has not only opened up new avenues for MNEs, but has also benefitted the emerging nations who have adapted to it. It has formed the basis of growth and development for most emerging nations of course other factors too are relevant). This research paper seeks to examine the international marketing strategies of MNEs in the automobile industry, specifically for the emerging nations, because as our subsequent findings will prove, that these markets are currently the most promising and will remain so at least for a few years to come. When we consider the emerging nations, the most promising ones are obviously the BRICs (reasons covered in the following sections). Hence, for readability and convenience purposes, we have limited our research to these nations. Keywords: Marketing strategy, BRIC, TRIAD, MNE, emerging markets, JV Objectives of Study: 1) International Marketing strategies followed by automotive companies in Emerging markets. 2) The study also aims at understanding whether the marketing strategy of these global automotive companies are justified by analysing...
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...Switzerland b Received 9 January 2009; received in revised form 3 March 2010; accepted 2 June 2010 Communicated by S. Wiedenbeck Available online 9 June 2010 Abstract Formed on an analysis of design practices, the behaviour chain model stipulates that social network designer’s ultimate aim is to encourage users to adopt the social network site by entering a phase of true commitment. During this phase, social network users are driven to connect to known or unknown others by engaging in instrumental uses that create value and content and involve others, while staying active and loyal by investing time in the site. This paper investigates how designer’s intentions, as captured by the behaviour chain model, materialise through users’ reported practices in the social network site Facebook. A total of 423 Facebook users from 5 countries answered a questionnaire that allowed us to examine how 2 user characteristics, experience with the site, and culture, shape the nature of true commitment. Our findings show that experience with the site and even more so, culture, have an effect on users’ motivations for using Facebook, as well as their instrumental uses and the time they invest on the site. This analysis reifies the behaviour chain model by allowing designers to understand how the features they design are embodied in users’ practices. & 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Social network sites; Facebook; Behaviour chain model; Experience; Culture; Motivations;...
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