...Nowadays traffic accidents in United States become a worse problem resulting in many deaths, injured, disabilities and damage to both private and public property. According to data from National Committee for Road Traffic Safety, in 2007 the total number of traffic accidents increased to 9449 cases, which killed 1545 persons, injured 24815. This makes traffic accident and death rates in United States are higher. Traffic accidents are caused mainly by drinking, speeding, and cars going off-road while drivers failed to use car’s facilities properly, especially, disobeying the traffic laws. Drunk Driving is not only illegal, but completely preventable. Alcohol-impaired driving is a serious national problem that unfortunately affects many victims yearly. Often, people believe they feel well enough to drive after drinking only a small amount of alcohol. They should be careful not to drive even if they slightly intoxicated after the party. A slight intoxication can reduce one’s response time to maneuver a vehicle. For example, alcohol causes the body to relax and sometimes can blur one’s vision. While in a car, it takes longer for some intoxicated drivers to slow down or to see what cars and obstacles may be in front, behind, or on either side of them. Moreover, Seat safety belts are designed to reduce injuries by stopping the driver from hitting hard elements inside of the vehicle. By not wearing a seat belt, they are also putting their self at...
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...DEVELOPMENT OF TIME SERIES MODEL TO STUDY HISTORICAL TRE ND OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE UNI TED STATES AND INSPECT THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE TREND Ashutosh Kedia M.Tech Project Thesis 2015 DEVELOPMENT OF TIME SERIES MODEL TO STUDY THE HISTORICAL TREND OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND INSPECT THE FACT ORS AFFECTING THE TREND Thesis submitted to the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur For award of the degree of Master of Technology by Ashutosh Kedia Under the guidance of Prof. Sudeshna Mitra DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR MAY 2015 ©2015 Ashutosh Kedia. All rights reserved. Page i M.Tech Project Thesis 2015 APPROVAL OF THE VIVA-VOCE BOARD 05/05/15 Certified that the thesis entitled DEVELOPMENT OF TIME SERIES MODEL TO STUDY HISTORICAL TREND OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND INSPECT THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE TREND submitted by ASHUTOSH KEDIA to the Indian Institute of Technology, for the award of the degree, Master of Technology, has been accepted by the external examiners and that the student has successfully defended the thesis in the viva-voce examination held today. (External Examiner) (Chairman) Page ii (Supervisor) M.Tech Project Thesis 2015 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Development of Time Series Model to Study Historical Trend of Road Traffic Accidents in the United States and Inspect the Factors Affecting the Trend” submitted by Ashutosh Kedia...
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...Do you know that in the state of Florida sending messages and talking on the phone while driving is a secondary offense? Ironically, this means that an officer cannot stop a driver for only texting or talking on the phone, it has to accompany by a second infraction, such as driving with excess speed or not respect traffic signals. While this law continues to be a secondary offense and has not given the proper attention it requires; it will result in the excessive ascent of fatal accidents, and the lives of its innocent citizens are in danger of being invested by an irresponsible driver. Even more, growing the fear and the uncertainty that could be his last day behind the wheel. Unquestionably, a radical transformation to this reform would bring...
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...make you the worthless human or we can say thing in the world. Same ways, if you have lots and lots of fear within yourself and tend to do nothing but just stay wherever you are, then you will be the biggest looser anyone will ever see. Accordingly, fear is such a thing that can be explained in different ways. In my life, fear plays an important role. In each and every step, first I feel the fear whether I can succeed this task or not then I move on taking it positive in a safe way as much as possible. For example, I do not know how to drive a vehicle and I am learning this task. But I have a deep fear of the thought of having an accident. Because of the fear of having an accident, I will not stop learning how to drive but I will learn to drive safely so that I avoid accident. I can share you an incident about a recent fear of mine i.e. I had lots and lots of fear about driving or touching the steering of a car so I never had a confidence of touching it. Later on, I managed to come over my fear and attempted to learn driving. Still, I had so much fear that I hit the DPS office pole. After that I learnt few tips for driving...
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...For all those who feel for India and its people, the number of deaths on Indian roads as a result of accidents, collision, negligence, rash driving et al, is both shocking and stupefying. When knowledgeable people describe Indian road as ‘death traps’ it does credit neither to road makers nor to those whose duty it is to see that roads remain free from all types of hassels and harrowing happenings. Unless and until the Ministry of Surface Transport, Traffic Regulatory Agencies/Police etc. put road safety under the scanner and devise meaningful and result-oriented ways and means to render road travel a pleasant experience, things would not improve. Strict adherence to traffic rules and regulations is just one of the measures that can bring about perceptible change in the situation. Unfortunately, the series of accidents that occur on Indian roads day in and day out brings home the terrible truth that raising the safety bar on Indian roads remains a pipedream. When the tools of high technology are readily available and there is no shortage of funds, it is not comprehensible why this vital area of transport, both goods and humans, remains vulnerable to accidents. Ironically, while new roads are being built, and newer, supposedly safer automobiles— with safety features like airbags, crash sensors etc—race out of the factories, the country’s road safety record remains abysmal. No doubt, several factors contribute to the appalling statistics that tell the sorry state...
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...Many of these activities take place while a person is driving. So, it is not only becoming a part of our daily activities, but also putting our self at risk. In my point of view, using a cell phone while driving increases the risk of accident. Using a cell phone while driving distracts our mind. Distraction is an important risk factor of traffic injuries. Suppose you are holding your phone on your ear, listening to the conversation, and managing your car all at once. You're not paying attention; you could miss a turn or not see something coming out into the road. This can be incredibly dangerous. Using a cell phone while driving distracts your mind obviously. It can take your eyes off the road, your hands off the steering wheel and your mind off the sudden situation that can lead a more dangerous accident and result may be death. Moreover, if you are speaking on a cell phone while on the road you can’t notice all road traffic signals, may go too close to other vehicle and find it very hard to keep a regular speed. That’s why you must remove your cell phone from the steering wheel and keep your eyes on the road. So, calling, talking or reading a message on a cell phone while driving distract your mind that can lead a fatal accident. Using a cell phone while driving decrease your performance level, no matter how excellent you are at driving. Driving is a skill that requires full...
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...ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT: How to reduce the number of road accidents in Kenya. LECTURER: Mr. Ogutu Submission date April 14, 2014. Introduction A road accident, also known as a traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle accident, car accident, automobile accident, road traffic collision, car crash, or car smash occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole for instance electricity poles or fence poles. Traffic collisions may result in injury, death, vehicle damage and property damage. They have led to loss of thousands of life and others being paralyzed for the rest of their lives while others are left with permanent scars which remind them of the occurrence. It is regarded as one of the main cause of death after diseases. Here I am going to concentrate on how to reduce road accidents in Kenya through the various engineering disciplines in the country. These disciplines include geospatial engineering, civil and building engineering, mechanical engineering (automotive engineering) and electrical engineering. A. Improvement of road design to reduce accidents on black spots This area has the geospatial and civil engineers who mainly deal with design and construction of roads in the country. Here fall many black spots, mainly because some roads were poorly designed and inspection wasn’t done in the right way. Accidents occur mainly where there are curves both vertical...
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...Harlem motorcycle accident lawyer If a car or other vehicle causes an accident while you are riding your motorcycle, there are a few important things you need to know. Motorcycle accidents differ in many significant ways than accidents when only cars are involved. The following are just a few things you should know about them. Minor accidents for a car can be major accidents for a motorcycle What can be a fender bender for a car, can mean serious injury to a bike rider. A simple side swipe can cause a rider to fall off his bike. A driver braking late and rear ending a motorcyclist can cause serious injury, even at slow speeds. Misjudging the speed of a biker making a left turn into oncoming traffic is also a common reason for accidents. On top of that, though it is common for a car driver to be at fault, the motorcycle rider is often blamed. A Harlem attorney with experience in motorcycle accidents will likely understand how the accident occurred and can protect your interests. Your injuries can be more severe than a car driver's injuries Obviously, this is not always going to be true, but the potential is always there. When riding your motorcycle, you are exposed to everything. Hitting the cement can create broken bones not seen by those in a car. You can be injured by the car when it...
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...On April 18, a man was attempting to make a left turn on his ATV when the motorcyclist behind him attempted to pass him, causing crash in Anderson County. The motorcyclist was flown to the University of Tennessee Medical Center where he was treated for non-life threatening injuries. This accident is a reminder that it is important to take the proper precautions when passing another vehicle. When passing another vehicle on a two-lane road, make sure you can safely pass before encountering oncoming traffic. This includes giving yourself time to get back in your correct lane before oncoming traffic arrives. When in doubt, wait to pass the vehicle. Only pass another vehicle when it is legal to do so. This includes not crossing solid yellow lines...
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...appearance and condition of your car immediately after the collision? 8. What was traffic conditions like? 9. Describe what happened just before the collision. 10. What condition was your car in before the collision? 1. Do you have any personal involvement in the case? 2. Have you received any information on this case before this interview? 3. Have you participated in cases like this before? 4. Do you have any issues being under oath? 5. How did you get started in this field, and what do you think has made you successful throughout your career? 6. What degrees, certificates, or licenses do you have? 7. How many years have you worked in this field? 8. Are you a member in any professional organizations/societies? 9. How many cases involving [subject matter] have you handled? 10. What is your occupation/profession? 1. Where were you at the time of the accident? 2. What were you doing at the time? 3. What did you see or hear? 4. What were the environmental conditions (weather, light, noise, etc.) at the time? 5. What was (were) the injured worker(s) doing at the time? 6. In your opinion, what caused the accident? 7. How might similar accidents be prevented in the future? 8. Were any other witnesses around? 9. Do you know the names of other witnesses? 10. How are you connected with others involved in the accident? Part II What is the time limit within which an appeal must be...
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...laws governing transport and traffic policing. Our insatiable appetite for vehicles in this country, has led to an exponential increase in the number of road traffic accidents and incidents on our roads and streets. It is the increase of fatal accidents that is of great concern to us as citizens. Statistics have shown that, more than 95% of these accidents happened as a direct result of a road traffic offence. In order to curb this carnage on our roads, we need to effectively combat the occurrence of traffic offences. Statistics from the World Health Organization 2007 Report have shown the following:- ➢ Worldwide, about 1.2 million persons are killed in road traffic accidents every year ➢ 20 million to 50 million people are injured or disabled in these crashes ➢ Road traffic injuries account for 2.1% of global mortality and 23% of all deaths worldwide ➢ Road traffic injuries are predicted to rise from tenth place in 2002 to eight place in 2030 as a cause of death. Here in Trinidad and Tobago, over the last few years, with the ever increasing traffic volumes becoming a reality of life, traffic policing has become the scapegoat for the ill of every-day traffic congestion and mayhem on our roads. While traffic policing is a priority of traffic management, it is the severe breakdown of discipline on the roads which leads to unsafe conditions for motorists and pedestrians a like. Under the Motor Vehicle and Road Traffic Act, chapter 48:50, there are...
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...GRAPHICS Road safety Everyday many people are involved in road accidents. Some are killed. Many more are injured or maimed. So it is important for us to learn to use the roads properly and safely. No sane person would like to be involved in an accident. As the roads are very busy nowadays, we should be very careful when crossing one. It is safer to use a pedestrian crossing or an overhead bridge whenever one is available. Never cross a road by dashing across it. That is inviting trouble. If there are no crossings, then we must look carefully right and left and cross only when it is safe to do so. Some of us take the bus to school. It is important that we do not try to get on or off a bus while it is still moving. I tried to get on a moving bus once. It dragged me a short distance and nearly ran over me. I was lucky to escape with only some scratches on my legs. Also we must not fool around while in the bus. A suddenly lurch can send us knocking our heads against something hard. Using a bicycle can be dangerous too. We must pay attention on the road and never cycle too far out to the middle of the road. We must obey all traffic rules. Also we must make sure our bicycles are in good condition with working brakes, lights etc. These are some things we can do to avoid accidents. However there is no guarantee that we will never be involved in one. The important thing is to stay alert at all times while using the roads. We must know what is happening around us. In that way we can...
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...What Type of Driver Are You? Driving is a task we must take part in on a daily basis, but after several years of driving in frustrating and hectic rush hour traffic one can begin to hate even the thought of going to the grocery store. The roads are filled with very different types of drivers; Competent, Overly Cautious, Distracted, and Reckless are just a few of them. How we determine which category we best fall under can be a challenge, because in our minds we think we are good drivers, but in most cases we’re too oblivious to these classifications. First, there are the rare competent drivers who drive safely by not speeding and obey the common driving laws. Competent drivers are always coming to a full stop, looking both ways, using turn signals, and yielding when necessary. This type of driver is the most agreeable of the bunch, putting others at no risk. More of them on the road and the world would be a better place. We tend to think of bad drivers as the ones who charge down the road, wrecking everything in their path, but is it just as bad to be too cautious? Second to the competent, are the overly cautious drivers. They seem to be the ones to cause traffic jams and frustrate other drivers, because they are so indecisive and unpredictable. You know the kind - won't speed up to merge and stops at the end of on-ramps, sits helplessly at a four-way stop because they don't know what to do, slams on the brakes for no apparent reason, and, of course, refusing to exceed the...
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...ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES: AN UNRECOGNIZED GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLEM Maryellen Corliss American Sentinel ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES: AN UNRECOGNIZED GLOBAL HEALTH PROBLE Road traffic injuries are a major but neglected global public health problem which requires more public knowledge and concern for their effective and lasting prevention, and a reduction of their consequences. Twenty million people around the world are injured or disabled each year by road-traffic injuries. These now rank ninth on the list of leading causes of disability, but are projected to rise to third place by 2020 as the number of motor vehicles grows (Peden & Hyder, 2002). The epidemic is the worst in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, about 85 percent of all deaths globally are due to traffic accidents and 90 percent of the disabilities caused by them happen in low and middle income countries (World Health Organization [WHO], 2004). The poorest people in those countries are the hardest hit. In the United States, people who die on the road are usually the drivers of automobiles. In the developing world, the most vulnerable, in order, are pedestrians; passengers on minibuses, buses, and trucks; and cyclists. They share the same road at the same time with cars, various motorized two- and three-wheeled rigs, and people riding or driving domestic animals. Traffic safety laws that exist may go unenforced because of a lack of police resources. Drivers’ licenses and road-worthiness...
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...Q.No.5. Ans: Behavioral Based Safety Q.No.6. Ans: Personal Protective Equipments Q.No.7. Ans: c. Executing Q.No.8. Ans: c. Both a and b Q.No.9. Ans: d. All of the above Q.No.10. Ans: c. Attitude behaviour culture Part Two: Q.No.1. Ans: The 5 E’S for accident prevention are: 1. Engineering: Higher level of safety could be achieved through engineering controls only. Safety should be integrated with engineering from the stage only. 2. Education: By providing proper education the accident rate can be reduced / prevented. 3. Enforcement: In some instances drastic measures or penalties may become necessary to prevent the spread of unsafe practices. 4. Enthusiasm: All kinds of motivational techniques like individual safety awards, departmental safety contests, safety slogan, safety poster, safety essay, spot he hazard contest etc goes a long way to motivate the workers. 5. Evaluation: Continuous evaluation of programs, procedure and performance is a must for improvement in safety. Q.No.2. Ans: With the development in technology, safety is an integral part of each element of operation and any training in operations must include instructions on how to operate without accidents. The first introduction to safety during apprenticeship / training period has a lasting effect. The following are the some examples of possible outcomes of trainings when it is implemented patiently over a reasonable period of time. * Employees in the organization...
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