...are the sources of stress, such as having to make decisions, getting married, and natural disasters. Stress responses are psychological, physiological, and behavioral reactions to stressors. Anxiety, depression, concentration difficulties, and muscle tension are all examples of stress responses. The connection between stressors and stress responses, however, is not as straight forward as it may seem. Mediating processes, for instance, stand in between stressors and stress responses. Whether stressors lead to stress responses depends on mediating processes like how people appraise potential stressors and how well people are able to cope with the negative impact of stressors. Furthermore, a number of moderating factors, such as personality traits and health habits, influence the the...
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...(Steinglass, 1987). In fact, the offspring of alcoholics represent the largest number of people affected by the disease alcoholism (Woititz, 1983). Moreover, the population of adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) often display specific traits. ACOAs often guess at what normal behaviour is, have difficulty completing projects, lie when it is just as easy to tell the truth, judge themselves without mercy, have difficulty with intimate relationships, overreact to changes they cannot control, constantly seek approval and affirmation, feel that they are different from others, are...
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...Introduction to the Regency Grand Hotel: Introduction to the Regency Grand Hotel The Hotel is among the five star hotels in Bangkok, established by local investors. The ownership of the hotel was later transferred to the American Hotel Chain. John Becker a man with a good history in organizational management became the General Manager. Becker introduced an empowerment strategy as an aspect that would increase employee motivation and satisfaction. The practice reduced the bureaucratic governance that was embedded in the past management. The employees were now able to get involved in decision making, creativity, and innovation. Interaction with top management was also encouraged. Becker's policy however did not improve the performance of the organization, he spent a great deal of time solving employee problems, there was an increase in the number of complaints by customers and an increase in mistakes made by the employees. The performance of the organization therefore deteriorated. Symptoms & Causes of Deterioration of Performance: Symptoms & Causes of Deterioration of Performance Cultural factors Communication factors Staff performance: personality and organizational fit Job design and role ambiguity Espoused and enacted values Power hierarchy & decision making process Stress, absenteeism, high staff turnover and job satisfaction Major issues in the case: Major issues in the case Organizational change inadequately managed. The differences in the newly merged workforce...
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...months. It has also been found that different nurses experience job stress different (Josef, 2003). In recent years there has been broad discussion on the nature of stressors experienced by members of “high risk” occupations and professions, for instance nursing and emergency workers, whose role is to support others through traumatic scenarios. Most people can cope with stress for short periods but Chronic stress produces prolonged changes in the physiological state.8 Effectiveness of coping behaviors depends on the situation in which they are used. Some coping behaviors may work well for some situations but not for others.9 In general terms, coping are a strategy that helps people reduce stress and solve problems8. Folkman et al. (1986) define coping as “the person’s cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage the internal and external demands in the person-environment transaction.9 People differ in the coping strategies that they adopt for dealing with stressful incidents.10 Individual’s coping strategies should be viewed and assessed within their particular social,...
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...Operant conditioning Psychopathology- the study of abnormal behaviour Biological functions such as eating, drinking and sleeping are regulated by… • Homeostasis: steady state of equilibrium within bodily systems. A system is returned to a resting level through motivational states that energise and direct homeostasis-restoring behaviours. ! • Thus, homeostatic systems include several features: 1. Set Point: biologically optimal level the system strives to maintain. 2. Feedback mechanisms: provide information regarding the state of the system with respect to variables being regulated. 3. Corrective mechanisms: restore the system to its set point when needed. Physiological needs describe a deficient biological condition. Occur with tissue and bloodstream deficits, as from water loss, nutrient deprivation or physical injury. ➡ If water loss occurs below an optimal homeostatic level (around 2%) this creates the physiological need that underlies thirst. defined as • THIRST iswater deficit.a consciously experienced motivational state (drive) that readies the body to perform behaviours needed to replenish ➡ So drive is a psychological (not biological) term. Conscious manifestation of an underlying biological need that has motivational properties (to energise and direct behaviour). ➡ How does thurst arise? Water lies inside (intracellular fluid contributes 40% body weight) and outside (extracellular fluid contributes 20% body weight) cells. ! We may distinguish between osmometric...
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...As the stressors vary from one job category to another depending on the personality characteristics of the focal person, it was decided to study three categories of management personnel, namely, top management (TMG), middle management (MMG) and IAS officers. Findings reported were MMG, scored significantly higher on role stagnation, role expectation, role erosion, role isolation and role ambiguity. They were found to have more state anger as compared to TMG and IAS. Young IAS scored significantly higher on self role distance and trait anger than older age...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Faculty Member Details: Dr. Prageetha G Raju Room No. D-203 Ph: 8790794397 E-mail: dr.prageetha@gmail.com Consulting Hours: Students can visit my room any time between 9 a.m. and 5:45 p.m. (only if needed) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Course Description: The management of complex organizations requires an understanding of the nature of human behavior in corporate and other organizations, styles of motivations, personality and perceptions, company leadership, power and authority, strategies of organizational design and change, teamwork, conflict and collaboration, and culture. Organizational Behavior explores individual and group behavior within work organizations and helps students understand, describe, and explain human behavior at work. Course Objective: The course shall be completed in 33 sessions and after completing the course the student will be able to: * Apply and analyze different concepts related to organizational behavior * Define the purpose and nature of the field of organizational behavior * Understand and learn how to Manage individuals for high performance by developing your understanding of individual and interpersonal behavior * Understand and learn how to manage groups for high performance through an exposure to theories, concepts, and principles of OB Prescribed Textbook: Organizational Behavior, Stephen P Robbins,Timothy...
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...over the past few years. The management has at various occasions experienced difficulties in trying to come up with better and appropriate solutions to conflicts between and among the employees, as well as those that involve interaction between the managers and the employees. Basically conflict refers to a state of whereby individuals do not agree with another or rather do not share the same ideas as the other. Such situations necessitate that there be a place good and appropriate ways through which the conflict between individuals may be solved promoting fairness with the parties involved having full satisfaction and in support of the resolution reached at regarding the conflict (Blake and Mouton 2002, p. 50). Within the Waki oil organization there are different department which in a weekly basis need to come together giving reports and sharing issues regarding how the company is progressing. It is within these weekly meeting that managers from different department come into conflict with one another in regards to ideas that each holds. Worse enough the conflict extends out of the meeting discussions to the day to day activities of the company. Such that even the employees themselves see what is happening with their senior staffs. The disunity among them, lack of cohesion, among others individualistic characteristic traits are demonstrated by the managers. The lack of oneness among the...
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...Stress: • Traffic • Noise • Cellphones • Rapid pace of life and busy schedules • Work & study stresses • Financial • Violence and crime PSYCHOLOGICAL SOURCES OF STRESS how we label, interpret, think about, and react to events in our lives has a lot to do with determining whether those events are stressful • Frustration (attainment of goals blocked, both internal and external) • Conflict • Approach-approach conflicts (two things we want which compete e.g., two areas of study) • Avoidance-avoidance conflicts (two things we don’t want, e.g., being unemployed or taking a job we don’t want) • Approach-avoidance conflicts (changing my course to something I prefer but it means starting from the beginning again) • Change (even good change can be stressful) • Pressure (get things done, be perfect, be better, be more, get more) EFFECTS OF STRESS • Fight-or-flight response • Can lead to: psychosomatic illnesses – not your imagination! Ulcers, asthma, hypertention, migraines, cancer, emotional disorders e.g., depression RESILIENCE IN COPING WITH STRESS Capacity of individuals to bounce back from major stress events with minimal negative effects • Liking a challenge – some people enjoy being on their toes, pushed • Strong sense of commitment – these people have well-defined goals, commitment to the ultimate outcome • Internal locus of control – I can influence my reaction to events, I am powerful and in control. INEFFECTIVE...
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...1.1 Background of the study We are assigned to prepare a term paper on “Type A personality and occupational stress” to fulfill our MGT 251 course requirement. We include 10 respondents personality of Bank Asia Limited and find out the relation among personality, stress and job performance. In working environment there may be various job related stress. Personality affects the stress. Because the ability of adopt with the level of stress depends on the Type of Personality. And the level of stress affects the employee’s performance. 1.2 Objective of the study The objective of the study is to determine the personality and level of job stress experienced by the employees of Bank Asia Limited. We find out whether there is a significant difference in term of the occupational stress level experienced by the Type A personality employees. We also try to develop a new stress model and show the relationship among occupational stress, personality and performance. 1.3 Methodology of the study To prepare our term paper we have gathered information through both of primary and secondary resources. We have visited the selected organization to take information from the personnel of Bank Asia Limited.. Also collected data and necessary information by interviewing officials .The information has been gathered from the internet and different books about the topic for theoretical part. 1.4 Scope of the study The scope of the study is limited within banking sector in Bangladesh...
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...When confronted with conflict, people have response with courage or cowardice When confronted with conflict, it is often faced with difficult, or even threatening, situations. Often when humanity finds itself in conflict, coping with the struggle of interpersonal, cultural and racial, inner or moral conflict can bring either courage or cowardice out in people. This is made evident in Bruce Beresford’s “Paradise Road,” but also in real life situations. It is naturally human to experience conflict, we will all be forced to respond to conflict at various times and various forms throughout the course of our lives, and in order to live serenely we attempt to avoid and resolve conflict. Those who experience moral conflict are truly tested and the core of their characters brought into sharp focus as they make sense of their experiences and wether the will response with courage or cowardice. For Daniel Morcombe’s family it is the conflict of enduring the type of justice they wanted regards the brutal murder of Daniel that this encompasses. Overcoming the traumatic grieve, they created a website educating people on children's safety. It was this moral conflict of enduring persistent and injustice that these individuals projected their true identities and subsequently, emphasise to society how courage can be found in the worst conflicts. Whilst conflict merely involve two parties disagreeing over differences of opinion, this interpersonal conflict can bring out either courage...
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...psychology in relationship to personal experiences and character traits that lead to personal effectiveness. The specific Areas of Focus examine the major principles of Positive Psychology and their importance with regards to; changes in emotional states, cognitive processes and experiences in juxtaposition with current research. The concepts and principles are then applied to current goals, plans and future application in respect to the workplace, environment and culture. Finally, the challenges, obstacles and unanswered questions are discussed in current applications of Positive Psychology. Keywords: Positive Psychology, resiliency, hope, theories, emotion, cognition 2. Positive Psychology Areas of Focus in Relation to Interpersonal and Pro-social Behavior Major Principles and Concepts The primary underlying assumption of positive psychology is that psychology should focus on encouraging people’s strengths rather than fixing their weaknesses (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) assert that as a new psychological paradigm, positive psychology rejects the disease model that had been prevalent in psychology and instead viewed human emotions, thoughts, and behavior within the framework of functionality and happiness. Understanding happiness to be the opposite of suffering and to be a universal human desire, positive psychology postulated that those traits and behaviors that facilitate happiness and functionality in the...
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... This article sheds light on unique perspective as few studies have examined the after effects of war or natural disaster on adolescence from an ecological point of view. This article concentrates on maternal characteristics, personal characteristics, as well as the perception of the adolescent towards the primary giver (Bornstein & Hendricks, 2007). From a young age, a child will use same or similar communication style of their personal caregiver thus; stress response and reaction of caregivers have significant impact on how the adolescent reacts to a stressful situation. Either it makes the child stronger and learn to deal and overcome stress, or the adolescent lacks in the ability in adaptive to changes. Adolescent personal traits also play a major role on perceiving a stressful event as...
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...Divorce and Children According to the study that was done in 2004 "In the United States, between 43% and 50% of first marriages end in divorce"(U.S Census Bureau qtd inLansford 140). One can assume that many children will experience some affects caused by divorce. There is evidence to support that children would be better off if the parents stayed married and there is equal supporting evidence that it would be better off if they divorced. A survey done in 2009 by 1000 teenagers "When asked what the teens wanted their parents to know they said that divorce "hurts," "sucks" and that they "don’t want to be blamed for it" or caught in the middle"(GordonPoll Youth Survey qtd inJolivet 175). There are three main areas that impact children's experience with divorce such as behavioral, psychological, and social issues. Children are effected by divorce in many ways which cause their behavior to not be normal. When children go through a traumatic event, such as losing a parent to divorce, they want to act out because they are hurt, and do not know what to do with their emotions. An article written by Ahron Constance states "…..divorce prevents certain risks, is an emotionally stressful and complex transition for families, and continues to affect children into adulthood" (55). Divorce is a hard thing for children to learn how to cope with. Children of different ages rebel in different ways; they do this because at different age levels they cannot comprehend certain things and are...
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...9 Stress and Health Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level Type A=Applied C=Conceptual F=Factual Level (1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult LO=Learning Objective AP=AP* Learning Objective p=page MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. _____________ psychology is the field of study devoted to understanding the relationship between physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships and overall health and rates of illness. a) Physiological Incorrect. Physiological psychology may be interested in these topics, but health psychology explores these relationships from approaches other than the physiological perspective. b) Developmental c) Health Correct. This is the correct definition of health psychology. d) Medicinal e) Adjustment ANS: c, p. 344, C, LO=Prologue, AP VIII.5, (2) 2. Kirima has her doctorate in health psychology. Which of the following research questions might she be most likely to investigate? a) Why are college students more prone to doing drugs when they take harder classes? Correct. Health psychologists are interested in the factors that lead us to lead healthy lives, so the relationship between classes and the tendency to take drugs would be an appropriate topic for Kirima to research. b) What is the relationship between one’s ethnicity and their political affiliation? Incorrect. The effects of a social category like ethnicity would be more applicable to experts from other fields, which might include sociology...
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