...Transcendentalism took off in the 1800’s with a little help from Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Emily Dickenson. These transcendentalists expressed their beliefs through writings such as poems and essays. These few transcendentalists went out of their way to represent their ideals and beliefs. Only a number of people understood the idea of transcendentalism because it is so complex and involved a much deeper thought process. It was this complexity within Transcendentalism that makes it stick out in history still to this day. Transcendentalism is an idealistic philosophical and social movement that developed in New England. Transcendentalism was developed in reaction to rationalism in 1836. It taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity. The transcendentalist members held progressive views on feminism and communal living. Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the better known transcendentalists, became a transcendentalist in 1832 which lead to the writing of “Self-Reliance” and “The American Scholar.” He later became the central figure of his literary and philosophical group, known as the American Transcendentalist. In the 1840’s he founded and co-edited the literary magazine The Dial. In 1841 and 1844 he published essays, including, “Self-Reliance,” “Friendship” and “Experience.” In “Self-Reliance” Emerson writes: A man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within, more than the luster of the firmament of...
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...significant because it gave Americans a sense of pride in their country and individualism in their identity apart from Europe. Additionally, the Hudson River School consisted of a band of artists, most of them living in New York, who created artwork of landscapes in the Hudson River Valley and surrounding areas. They didn’t only paint landscapes, they also attempted to capture American ideals of romanticism and often had themes of exploration and settlement. Furthermore, the paintings of romanticism illustrated the artists nationalism by showing their ignorance to America’s problems and painting a “perfect world” or kind of utopia. The outbreak in popularity of transcendentalism at the time showed the efforts of the country to try and improve society. By highlighting the importance of the common man, transcendentalism rapidly gained traction because it’s exactly what the people wanted; those who supported the philosophy demonstrated nationalism by being concerned with the quality of...
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...English III H Name Kevin Williams, Katie Sheehan, and Jenn Fassnacht Mr. Lynch Short Story Analyzer Short Story: The Corn Planting Author: Sherwood Anderson |Element for Analysis |Response/Evidence |Significance | |Basic summary of the story: |Hatch Hutchenson lives in a small town, where he marries a schoolteacher and they have a son named Will. The |-Glorify the small-town lifestyle | |Major action of the story in five to eight |Hutchenson family runs a farm even after their son Will goes into Chicago to attend school at the Art Institute as|- Stressing importance of keeping a connection to | |sentences. |a cartoonist. At the Art Institute, Will meets a young man named Hal Weyman and they become good friends. Hal |the Earth. | | |Weyman develops a strong relationship with the Hutchensons and visits them to read Will’s letters while he is |-Shows the distance created by industrialization | | |still at the school. Hal receives a telegraph notifying him that Will died in a drunken car crash, and Hal and the|and cities. | | ...
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...The United States of America have become an independent nation for many years so far. Many of their problems faced were political issues inside the country itself. But moving forward towards 1803, the Louisiana purchase was bought more states were being admitted too. Many treaties were being passed and new amendments to the bill of rights and constitution. The United States were experiencing a major change in their politics and culture, it was like a new renaissance for the U.S. The age of romanticism of transcendentalism inspired many writers as romanticism encouraged people to explore and go on adventures. While transcendentalism inspired many religious activists to protest against the general state or the state of intellectualism....
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...The Concept of Nature in the Poetry of William Wordsworth and Robert Frost : A Comparative Study Chapter One Introduction 1. Background Poets have long been inspired to tune their lyrics to the variations in landscape, the changes in season, and the natural phenomena around them. The Greek poet Theocritus began writing idylls in the third century B.C.E. to glorify and honor the simplicity of rural life--creating such well known characters as Lycidas, who has inspired dozens of poems as the archetypal shepherd, including the famous poem "Lycidas" by John Milton. An idyll was originally a short, peaceful pastoral lyric, but has come to include poems of epic adventure set in an idealized past, including Lord Alfred Tennyson's take on Arthurian legend, The Idylls of the King. The Biblical Song of Songs is also considered an idyll, as it tells its story of love and passion by continuously evoking imagery from the natural world. The more familiar form of surviving pastoral poetry that has retained its integrity is the eclogue, a poem attuned to the natural world and seasons, placed in a pleasant, serene, and rural place, and in which shepherds often converse. The first eclogue was written by Virgil in 37 B.C.E. The eclogue also flourished in the Italian Renaissance, its most notable authors being Dante and Petrarch. It became something of a requirement for young poets, a form they had to master before embarking upon great original work. Sir Philip Sidney’s Arcadia and Edmund Spenser’s...
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...IDENTIFICATIONS * Manifest Destiny * Cotton Gin * American System of Manufacturers * Bartleby the Scrivener Market Revolution * Early 1800’s-1860 * Era of “Good Feeling” * From 1812, there is only one political party: democratic- republicans * Reassembles Hamilton’s view of America * Changes everything about how Americans work * Challenges ideas of freedom The Change * Before the Market Revolution work was done at home controlled by individuals, regulated by daylight. * Introduces the concept of “going to work” * Lays the foundation for modern America Transportation and Technology * Roads, railroads, steamboats, canals. Telegraph * Previously transporting between US cities was an expensive as shipping overseas * Production was local * No standardization, no connection Examples: * 1806 congress approved road from Cumberland, MD to Illinois * 1807, steamboat tested, made transportation upstream possible * 1825 Erie Canal-upstate New York connected to the Great Lakes * 1830’s telegraph developed * 1837 3000 miles of canal * For decades huge tracts of land go to railroad companies THE GROWING WEST * Between 1790 and 1840 4.5 million people move west of Appalachians * Between 1815 and 1821 six new states entered the Union: Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Alabama, Mississippi, and Maine * Southerners with slaves moved into a new Cotton Kingdom * Alabama, Mississippi...
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...the social history of America, the nation's first novels were written and published during this period. After the war in the year 1812 a lot of potential writers have emerged and they have reserved themselves a place in the history of American literature through their fabulous works written in English. Their experiences and writing skill were appreciated at large and the most renowned and notable writers list have no end which include Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Edgar Allan Poe and the list has no end. Movements like Native American which was initiated as Oral tradition, Puritanism or Colonial which was initiated from 1620 to 1750, Romanticism, Dark Romanticism, Anti-Transcendentalism, American Gothic which existed from 1800 to 1865, Transcendentalism which was started in 1836 by the great efforts put forth by writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Realism which was started in the year 1865 and ended in the year 1914, Naturalism from 1885 to 1930, Regionalism from 1865 to 1895, Modernism from 1924 to 1945, Lost Generation, Jazz Age, R to 1937, Beat Generation from 1950 to 1965 and Contemporary or Postmodernism from 1939 to till date have pave the way for generating a huge input in American Literature. A lot of writers, essayists, poets, novelists, dramatists have registered their foot prints along with the history of the people of America. The Native American Movement before 1600 was distinguished by the notable oral works which incorporate...
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...and filled their social calendar’s up. From the preaching, to the dancing, to the praise and worship, these meetings left many wanting to build churches of their own. The meeting held in Cane Ridge, Kentucky, in 1801, was the second meeting and was very huge. The numbers where phenomenal they had anywhere from 10,000 to 25,000 people attended. There was Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist preachers all participating in the revival. This revival then started moving outwards spreading from state to state in the Western area. It went from Kentucky, Tennessee the Ohio. It seemed as though it was a great reward for the Baptist. The Methodist brought forth a group known as the Circuit Riders, they came from the common people. In the 1820’s, Charles Finney, who was a Presbyterian minister, led many revivals. He preached the Gospel in Western New York. He set forth a great planning technique and used his powerful preaching skills. In turn he did many conversions. Finney appealed too many and many converted their lives to Christianity. Finney was such a strong minister, he strength spoke volumes, Western New York was renamed the “Burned-over district”, this was because of the sermons the Finney gave, they were on fire. The Second Great Awakening took a great turn in 1826 during the revival in Utica, New York. Finney showed many that the Calvinist God did not control human beings destiny, they were free to choose. Finally in 1835 Charles Finney took a position in Theology...
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...Textbook Assignments **All of the material below is on the digital history (see course home page) **You will be tested on all of this material on the respective quizzes Native Americans (Read this for quiz 1) “ The First Americans” (Not a link…go to the assigned website) European Society (Read this for quiz 1) Colonial Era/Exploration and Discovery The Significance of 1492 European Commercial and Financial Expansion Slavery and Spanish Colonization The Meaning of America The Black Legend Colonial Era/17th Century (Read below for quiz 1) European Colonization North of Mexico Spanish Colonization English Settlement Colonial Era/17 century (Read below for quiz 2) English Colonization Begins Life in Early Virginia Slavery Takes Root in Colonial Virginia Founding New England The Puritans The Puritan Idea of the Covenant Regional Contrasts Dimensions of Change in Colonial New England The Salem Witch Scare Slavery in the Colonial North Struggles for Power in Colonial America Diversity in Colonial America The Middle Colonies: New York Fear of Slave Revolts The Middle Colonies: William Penn’s Holy Commonwealth The Southernmost Colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia Colonial Administration (Read below for quiz 2) No readings th Road to Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Colonial America/18th Century The The The The The The Emergence of New Ideas about Personal Liberties and Constitutional Rights Great Awakening Seven Years’ War Rise of Antislavery Sentiment Fate of Native Americans Road to Revolution...
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...Economy went through radical transformation periods during the Mid-19th century, so did the American social landscape. Campaigns for social reform began popping up all over America, with Ralph Waldo Emerson stating that there was not “a reading man who was without some scheme for a new utopia in his waistcoat pocket”. As the nation progressed through the 19th century reform movements attempted to, and sometimes succeeded at, reviving religion with religious reformation and the Second Great Awakening, moving away from materialism and greed, and addressing the multiple human rights issues going on in America at the time. Reformation in America started with religion and the religious revival movement of the Second Great Awakening. In the early 1800’s, America was beginning to show signs of going through an intense period of religious rejection and anticlericalism especially with the widely circulated book by...
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...Gonzalez 1 Rachel Gonzalez AP U.S. History Mr. Cranston 20 March 2015 Chapters 12 and 13 Essay Assignment Major themes of history evolve as time progresses. From the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, massive shifts occur. Regarding work, exchange, and technology; America in the World; politics and power; as well as ideas, beliefs, and culture, the evolution between the centuries have changed the significant themes throughout the United States. Work, exchange, and technology play a huge role in Americans lives throughout each century. People rarely used money; services and products were paid for mostly through trades and barters. Home and work were not separated; they were the same place. Nobody stuck to a schedule; things were done as needed. Skills were acquired through apprenticeship. An apprenticeship lasted from three to seven years. Apprentices lived with their masters during this time period, while trading knowledge for labor. However, women were not allowed to have such apprenticeships. Women gained knowledge of domestic skills through their mother, as it was assumed that the women would marry. Some women would work respectably as: servants, laundresses, seamstresses, cooks, and food vendors—or not respected as prostitutes. Men directed the lives of family members and apprentices: deciding occupations for sons, marriages for daughters, etc. Women (the wives) were responsible for: food, clothing...
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...4 March: City of God – Utopian Reader – include a little bit on it – 22 volumes in all. Christianity – Augustine – classicly trained greek scholar. City in north Africa. Story like apostle Paul – orginially a person who persecuted Christians – north African wealth family from – found enlightenment in Christianity. Once he joined became one of the early scholars trained in greek – regulized Christian theology. Influence on western world – top four or five who influenced. Confessions and City of God his writings…look up! What’s the purpose of improving human society – complex – why do it? Can human society be made better? Why bother, what is the point, justification? Takes effort, misery involved, change, unknowns, takes energy, takes risks. HAPPINESS – justification for improving society. What do you have to have to be happy? What is happiness – PHI 101 – happiness according to whom? Lack of misery; literally the elimination of misery. Secondly, food – gives pleasure – Happiness is lack of human misery and maximizing /pleasure and happiness. Bliss 24/7 – hedonism Epicureanism – eliminating misery and maximizing happiness. The justification of utopianism = why did plato want the republic? Justisifcation for improving human society among the Greeks? Poor always poor, always unhappy, death claims everyone - it is rational to maximize pleasure and eliminate misery. Do eternally accouding to plato. Opinions – 1. Relativism is a retreat in the 20th century. Can’t...
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...1. Literature of the 17th century. John Milton. “Paradise Lost”. John Bunyan. “Pilgrim’s Progress”. The peculiarities of the English literature of the 17th century are determined by the events of the Engl. Bourgeois Revolution, which took place in 1640-60. King Charles I was beheaded in 1649& General Oliver Cromwell became the leader of the new government. In 1660, shortly after Cro-ll’s death, the dynasty of the Stuarts was restored. The establishment of new social&eco-ic relations, the change from feudal to bourgeois ownership, escalating class-struggle, liberation movement and contradictions of the bourgeois society found their reflection in lit-re. The main representatives of this period is: John Milton: was born in London&educated at Christ’s College. He lived a pure life believing that he had a great purpose to complete. At college he was known as the The Lady of Christ’s. he Got master’s degree at Cambridge. It’s convenient to consider his works in 3 divisions. At first he wrote his short poems at Horton. (The Passion, Song on May Morning, L’Allegro). Then he wrote mainly prose. His 3 greatest poems belong to his last group. At the age of 23 he had still done little in life&he admits this in one of his sonnets. (On his 23d B-day) In his another sonnet he wrote on his own blindness. (On his Blindness) Milton wrote diff. kinds of works. His prose works were mainly concerned with church, affairs, divorce & freedom. The English civil war between Charles...
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...Narrative A narrative is a sequence of events that a narrator tells in story form. A narrator is a storyteller of any kind, whether the authorial voice in a novel or a friend telling you about last night’s party. Point of View The point of view is the perspective that a narrative takes toward the events it describes. First-person narration: A narrative in which the narrator tells the story from his/her own point of view and refers to him/herself as “I.” The narrator may be an active participant in the story or just an observer. When the point of view represented is specifically the author’s, and not a fictional narrator’s, the story is autobiographical and may be nonfictional (see Common Literary Forms and Genres below). Third-person narration: The narrator remains outside the story and describes the characters in the story using proper names and the third-person pronouns “he,” “she,” “it,” and “they.” • Omniscient narration: The narrator knows all of the actions, feelings, and motivations of all of the characters. For example, the narrator of Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina seems to know everything about all the characters and events in the story. • Limited omniscient narration: The narrator knows the actions, feelings, and motivations of only one or a handful of characters. For example, the narrator of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland has full knowledge of only Alice. • Free indirect discourse: The narrator conveys a character’s inner thoughts...
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...NORTH AMERICAN FICTION BRIEF INTRODUCTION: Before starting our study of American Fiction we must understand what American Literature is in itself and which pieces of writing we can include within this label. It is believed that when a piece is written in North America, more precisely in the USA, it would automatically be given this epithet. But it should be taken into account that this idea is quite broad and doesn’t reflect the real essence of the term. However, there is also another definition that gathers this essence: American Literature is the one that represents the Americanism, the singularity of the USA philosophy and culture. This way, instead of focusing on who the author is, it is focused on the content of the writing. In that which concerns Fiction, the following documents are the ones considered as narrative: Speeches Letters Short Stories Essays Political Documents Sermons Novels Diaries 1 FIRST LITERARY EXPRESSIONS The first documents in which the idea of Americanism is very present are the Sermons. They respond to the strict Protestantism settled in the New Continent after the arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers and Puritans in the Mayflower (1620) and the Arabella (1630). They established a theocratic community whose main and only point of reference was the Bible. That is why the idea of the ‘city upon a hill’ is still very present in American mentality. As we all know...
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