...Research and Critical Analysis into Audio Transcription processes By: Kiehne, Alexander Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….3 Topic Statement………………………………………………………………………3 Work Setting………………………………………………………………………….4 Situation Analysis…………………………………………………………………….5 Problem Analysis……………………………………………………………………..7 Plan of Action………………………………………………………………………...8 Background Research 1 – Similar software…………………………………………..8 Background Research 2 – Market for software……………………………………….9 Analysis……………………………………………………………………………….11 Critical Logs…………………………………………………………………………..12 Critical log 1………………………………..12 Critical log 2………………………………..12 Critical log 3……………………………….12 Critical log 4……………………………….13 References…………………………………………………………………………….14 Appendices……………………………………………………………………………15-16 Abstract In this document the possibility of a potential loop in the market is examined. In the field of linguistic services, the process of transcription is one of the major services requested, by the legal branch of State and Federal Government Agencies. The demand for such services is high as the court system heavily relies on written documents for official use. In time most documents transcribed could be performed by the use of sophisticated software that allows the user to accelerate the transcription process by feeding audio into a computer, allowing the software to transcribe the information. This...
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...Chronic and transient hyperprolactinemia has been associated with luteal phase dysfunction. Recently, evidence has emerged to suggest that elevated PRL may exert its antigonadal effects through reducing available ovarian LH receptors. We have now examined the influences of PRL on LH receptor induction in cultured granulosa cells. Basal specific LH binding was negligible and remained unchanged in response to treatment with PRL by itself. Whereas treatment with FSH produced, as expected, a substantial increase in specific LH binding, concurrent treatment with PRL resulted in no significant change during the first 4 days of culture, followed by a significant decrease in LH binding on days 5 and 6 as well as an approximately 50% inhibition of FSH effect on day 6. Scatchard plot analysis showed that concurrent treatment with PRL resulted in inhibition of the granulosa cell LH binding capacity, whereas no difference could be detected in the binding affinity of LH to its receptor. Treatment with 8-bromo-cAMP produced a significant increase in specific LH binding; concurrent treatment with PRL (30 ng/ml) produced a significant attenuation of 8-bromo-cAMP action. In addition, treatment with FSH increased the intracellular accumulation of cAMP, and concurrent treatment with PRL did not result in inhibition of the FSH action, as assessed by the generation of intracellular cAMP. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ability of PRL to interfere with FSH action with regard to the...
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...polymerase and preventing transcription. B) Lactose bind to RNA polymerase, which then binds to the promoter and transcribes the needed genes. C) Lactose binds to the repressor, which does not bind to the operator, and RNA polymerase transcribes the needed genes. D) Lactose binds to the operon, which attracts RNA polymerase, then transcription of the needed genes occurs. E) Lactose binds to the CAP site to prevent the CAP protein from binding Answer: C 2. Which of the following is likely to be expressed? A) euchromatin B) heterochromatin C) DNA without methyl groups D) DNA with many methyl groups E) euchromatin and DNA without methyl groups is more likely to be expressed Answer: E 3. Which of the following is a method of posttranscriptional control? A) transcription factors B) the life span of a mRNA molecule C) differential processing of mRNA D) how fast the mRNA leaves the nucleus E) both differential processing and how fast mRNA leaves the nucleus are involved in posttranscriptional control. Answer: E 4. Which gene in an operon is incorrectly matched with its function? A) promoter--where RNA polymerase first binds to DNA B) regulator--binds to the repressor protein C) structural--makes mRNA by transcription D) operator--if...
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...PNA is a nucleic acid that enters DNA's major groove to form a triple-stranded structure. This molecule can attach itself to a gene, and either prevent the RNA polymerase from transcribing the gene, or promote transcription by exposing some of the single-stranded DNA to transcription-initiating enzymes. This action can be very useful as a gene therapy in patients who are producing too much, or not enough of a certain protein. Another prospect of this mysterious molecule is the creation of artificial life. All of the organisms on earth are based on DNA and RNA, so the idea of creating life with only PNA is very intriguing to scientists. The major problem with this idea is that because the PNA is so stable, it is very difficult for it to split into two daughter strands. In reading this article, I learned that DNA and RNA are not the only existing nucleic acids. They are the only natural ones, but many more synthetic/artificial nucleic acids have been discovered, including PNA. I think that the implementation of PNA into drugs that regulate gene expression will be a major advancement in the field of molecular genetics. This molecule has the potential to regulate the symptoms of many genetic diseases, a huge step forward in the lives of those affected by genetic diseases. The one ethical issue surrounding PNA is the use of this molecule to create artificial life. The results of such an experiment are anyone's guess, and even though an outcome is still very far in the distance,...
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...DNA Replication, Translation, Transcription, and Death Cap Mushrooms Biochemistry – GRT1 Task 1 02/14/2015 (Wolfe, DNA Replication, 2000) (Wolfe, DNA Translation, 2000) A death cap mushroom, also known as Amanita phalloides, is a poisonous mushroom that can be detrimental to our health. When a death cap mushroom is ingested a toxic substance known as alpha amanitin is released into the body’s system. This toxin prevents protein production and leads to cell death (Santi, Luca, Caterina Maggioli, Marianna Mastroroberto, Manuel Tufoni, Lucia Napoli, and Paolo Caraceni, 2012). RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing mRNA, is the enzyme directly affected by alpha amanitin. Alpha amanitin blocks RNA polymerase from working properly within the cell (Hudon-Miller, 2013). Without RNA polymerase, mRNA is not transcribed from DNA. Without mRNA, ribosomes cannot complete translation to form polypeptides, also known as proteins (Hudson-Miller, 2013). Proteins provide the necessary means to keep cells functioning accordingly. The liver and kidneys are the organs targeted by this toxin as they are the filtering system of the body and this toxin will enter their cells (Hudson-Miller, 2013). With RNA polymerase inhibited, no ability to produce proteins, the ultimate effect of this toxin has been reached and cell death occurs. References Hudon-MIller, S. (2013). Death cap mushroom. Retrieved from http://wgu.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=45c5aef2-370e-43eb-ad9c-40f073926331 ...
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...the same operon as your classmates; we want to expose ourselves to as many regulation proteins and bacteria as possible. In your initial discussion board post, please include the following: The Tryptophan(trp) Operon 1. Describe an operon, the regulatory proteins, the cellular process and the molecules being “sensed”. 2. Include details about the orientation of the genes and the promoter/operator sequences or activator binding site. 3. Provide details about the repressor/activator and inducer/inhibitor proteins. 4. Explain how the operon helps microbe survive and possibly thrive in its environment. 5. Include details about conditions that trigger expression of the gene(s). 6. Explain when this regulation occurs: During transcription, translation, or posttranslation An operon is the genetic regulatory system found in bacteria and their viruses where genes coding for functionally related protein are clustered along the DNA. This allows protein synthesis to be controlled coordinatly in response to the needs of the cell. The trp operon in E. coli us a negative control repressible system, the trp operon is negative control because the system produces a repressor which functions to turn off the operon. The trp operon is a repressor operon because repression occurs when a critical substance is abundant in a cell. Trp is an important amino acid which most E. coli acquire by extracting from the material the cell consume or by manufacturing themselves. The genes controlled...
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...Polypeptide synthesis- transcription and translation Proteins are made up of polypeptides. Every organism needs to make their own proteins. The biochemical machinery in the cytoplasm of each cell has the capacity to make every protein from just 20 amino acids. The proteins it manufactures depend upon the instructions that are given by the DNA in the cell's nucleus. The process is that DNA provides the instructions in the form of a long sequence of nucleotides and the bases they possess. A complementary section of part of this sequence is made in the form of pre-mRNA, this is transcription. The pre-mRNA is spliced to form mRNA. The mRNA is used as a template to which complementary tRNA molecules attach to and the amino acids they carry are linked to form a polypeptide, this is translation. Transcription is the process of making pre-mRNA using part of the DNA as a template. The enzyme DNA helicase acts on a specific region of the DNA molecule to break the hydrogen bonds between the bases, causing the two strands to seperate and expose the nucleotide bases in that region. This causes the specific region called cistron to unwind. One of the strands is used as a template to make an mRNA copy.The enzyme RNA polymerase moves along one of the two DNA strands, known as the template strand causing the nucleotides on this strand to join with the individual complementary nucleotides from the pool which is present in the nucleus. Specific base pairing occurs so guanine joins with cytosine...
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...Welcome to Biol 342 Molecular Biotechnology 1 Dr. Michael D.J. Lynch Biology 342 Molecular Biotechnology 1 Instructor: Dr. Michael D.J. Lynch Room: B2 - 249D e-mail: mdjlynch@uwaterloo.ca office hours: Thursdays 1:00 – 2:30 pm If you need to speak with me outside scheduled lecture time, please contact me via email to make an appointment – that way I can be sure to set aside time for you. Prerequisites: Biol 130, 239, 240, 309. Biol 241 recommended Required textbook: Glick & Pasternak Molecular Biotechnology 4th edition, 2010. ASM Press. Available from UWaterloo Bookstore. 2 copies on reserve at Davis library. Students find this textbook very useful, and I refer to it often for lectures. A worthwhile purchase. This text is also used in Biol 432. LEARN ● ● ● ● ● ● lecture notes (slides in .pdf) Podcasts (screencasts) of lectures course info, important dates tutorial information practice exams announcements Use your Quest/UWdir ID and password Accessing the podcasts…….. Check that you are using a LEARN-approved browser! Goals for this course: ● Understand the fundamentals of molecular biotechnology, primarily in the context of the methods that are employed in the field ● Develop skills in the designing of molecular approaches to biotechnology ● Develop critical thinking skills ● Effectively communicate concepts learned Assigned readings and student notes: Readings from the text will be assigned in lecture notes on...
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...At the transcriptional level, the gene expression of the lac operon is negatively controlled. In addition to lac operator O1, “pseudo-operators” O2 and O3 might play a role in the repression of the lac operon. Therefore, the purpose of the experiment was to address how each of these operators contribute to lac operon repression. It was hypothesized that DNA loop formation had the potential to mediate repression of O1, O2, and O3. The mutant lacI gene (i^adi), which is a stable and active, shortened Lac repressor protein, was used to investigate the stated hypothesis. Eight constructs, each with the lacZ gene under the native lac promoter and activated or inactivated O1, O2, and O3 in all possible combinations, were cloned in phage λIPI to yield phages λEwt123 and λEwt000. All three lac operators were mutated by site directed mutagenesis and were infected into strain CHS 9 rec A (i^+,z^-) cells. Results of β-galactosidase assay under repressed and induced conditions showed an almost total loss of repression when O1 is destroyed. When either O2 or O3 is inactivated there was slight decrease of repression, but a 70-fold decrease of repression was seen when both pseudo-operators combined were lost. Repression value was obtained by dividing β-galactosidase activity in the presence of 1 mM IPTG by β-galactosidase activity in the absence of inducer. To examine how O2 and O3 contributed to repression, the i^adi was expressed to make loop formation impossible when binding of operators...
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...Article Critique | * | This week’s critique I decided to do my paper on how researchers unlocked how cells determine their functions. In the reading, researchers found how proteins bind to target DNA and activate certain genes will function in the body. The protein that researchers found was called epigenetic activators, which they found another protein pretty similar to one that they had found in a fruit fly, called the Ash 1 protein. These genes turn on expression on specific target genes. The activators recognize also bind to the target gene was unknown to researchers and further study was conducted to pin point why. While conducting their research, they found that the epigenetic activator Ash1 enlisted specific genes through cell types for certain non-coding RNA, stated Dr Sauer. While Ash1 binds to the targeted DNA elements called Thrithorax-response elements (TREs) which is located in the Ultrabithorax. How this works, non-coding RNA is produced and retained at the TRE of UBX, helping activate the expression of the UBX gene, by doing so this function attacks the Ash1 to the TREs. This stage changes the function of the cells. Knowing this, they can now use the non-coding RNA to actively control the destiny. Over several years studies were conducted on how noncoding RNAs silences genes. The works that Dr Sauer and others have now gained a wider knowledge then what was previously thought to be. They had suggested understood how the genes could be silence, now they...
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...Since management skills vary from area to area, productivity also vary from region to region. In addition there is yield gap between progressive and common farmers which may attribute to several ignorance factors. Conventional plant breeding has been practicing successfully since 1960’s for production of improved wheat varieties but has limited potential to meet such a great challenge with limited gene pool. Genetic engineering techniques are gaining popularity and desired gene isolated from any genetic background can be inserted into wheat genome imparting improved characteristics. Different genetic engineering approaches have been employed to increase agronomic properties of different crops. In this new era of research development, transcription factors are gaining much interest towards improvement of...
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...Medical Transcriptionist Jessie Warren Introduction to Health Services & Info Systems Professor Nettles HIT 120 I have chosen to go back to school to help my family financially in the long run. I chose the medical field as it is the fastest growing job market. I specifically chose the career as a medical transcriptionist. Granted, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012-2013 the employment of medical transcriptionists is expected to grow 6% from 2010 to 2020, slower than the average for all occupations. That fact doesn’t detour me because I chose this field due to research, that this is a job I can do from home. With my two boys, this seemed like a great fit. I can work when they nap or go to school and when my husband is home. Therefore I am supplying not only a second income in the home to achieve financial stability, but I am also cutting costs by not having to pay for daycare. The HIM career map 2013 states that the average pay is $36,941. The median pay as of May 2010 was $32,900/year according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012-2013. Account in the fact that I will be saving a minimum of $14,400/year on daycare costs, it is a wise decision. Medical transcriptionists listen to dictations from the health professional. They take the dictations and they turn it into results, reports, letters and documents. They are able to edit the drafts that are prepared checking for both accuracy and consistency. As the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012-2013 states...
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...CAREER CHOICE If I had a friend that wanted to become a Medical Transcriptionist, and she wasn’t good with computers and she wasn’t detail-oriented. I would explain to her that medical transcriptionists are the people who type documents from dictated recordings by health professionals. Basically, any type of medical treatment, procedures, diagnostic tests, etc. must be documented into a patient’s medical record. Transcriptionists will also transcribe the information into a typed document, which is then forwarded to the dictator for review and signature. I would also explain to her that transcriptionists must have an in-depth understanding of medical terminology, anatomy, physiology, procedures, and treatments. They must also be able to translate abbreviations and have the ability to reference terms through printed or electronica reference materials. They must also have knowledge of the appropriate format or style that apply to each specific document being transcribed. Once I was done explaining to her what a medical transcriptionists is and what they do, I would advise her to take a medical transcriptionist training to course which she could do at home online. I would also recommend maybe she take a couple refresher course to freshen her up along with taking a computer course to teach all about a computer and all the things she needs to know. Along with all of that I would also advise she take a keyboard class which will also teach her a lot about the computer and it will enhance...
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...ТЕХНИКА ТРАНСКРИПЦИИ УСТНОГО ДИСКУРСА. The article deals with the transcription of the oral discourse. It touches upon the characteristics of the different transcriptional systems. Also it describes the kinds and the variants of the transcription. В рамках данной статьи рассматриваются характеристики различных транскрипционных систем, обосновывается предпочтение, которое автор статьи отдает системе «ТРУД» М.Л. Макарова. Говоря о дискурсе, можно назвать множество различных подходов к нему, например дискурскак междисциплинарное явление или дискурс как речь действующая, развивающаяся (речь здесь и сейчас). В данной статье принимается определение дискурса как связного текста в совокупности с экстралингвистическими, т.е. прагматическими, социокультурными, психологическими и другими аспектами[3, с. 136]. При изучении дискурса, как и любого естественного феномена, встает вопрос о классификации: какие типы и разновидности дискурса существуют. Самое главное разграничение в этой области – противопоставление устного и письменного дискурса. Это разграничение связано с каналом передачи информации: при устном дискурсе канал – акустический, при письменном – визуальный. Иногда различие между устной и письменной формами использования языка приравнивается к различию между дискурсом и текстом, однако такое смешение двух разных противопоставлений неоправданно. При анализе данного типа дискурса одной из основных проблем является проблема транскрипции. Создать универсальную систему транскрипции...
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...CONSULTATION Seen in consultation because of chest pain and cardiac irregularity. This patient tells me that about 10 years ago he had a severe episode of chest pain and was hospitalized for heart attack. About 3 days ago, he started having more shortness of breath. He also began having chest pains, plus nausea and vomiting. His breathing was quite difficult, and so he came into the emergency room, and was found to be in congestive heart failure, with cardiac irregularity, and was admitted to the hospital for further care. The rest of his history can be obtained from his previous record. On physical examination, the patient does appear older than his stated age of 69 by at least 5 years. His blood pressure is 186/80, his pulse is 100 to 178 and he has runs of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, frequent premature ventricular contractions and he has had a couple of short runs of ventricular tachycardia. During one of his runs of PAT, I gave him 5 mg of verapamil intravenously and this reduced the rate dramatically. His neck veins were distended. He has moist rales over both lungs. The heart is at the midclavicular line in the fifth interspace. There is a systolic murmur at the apex. His abdomen is soft, no masses can be felt. He has 2+ edema in the lower extremities. Both of his knees have bruises from previous fall. I did not do rectum exam because of his respiratory difficulty. It is my impression that he has a combination of arteriosclerotic and hypertensive...
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