...Transition The First Ten Years Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union Transition The First Ten Years Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. © 2002 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 5 05 04 03 02 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood...
Words: 72270 - Pages: 290
...Concerning transition economies, what do the advocates of shock therapy propose? Cite an example of how shock therapy has been used and explain the result. As professed by advocates of shock therapy, they believe success can only be achieved by creating a clean slate. Colossal disasters—such as weather disasters, civil uprisings, or economic disasters are opportunities to create a new economy. Advocates of shock therapy uphold the thought that economies in transition should advance without delay with all economic policies. They should privatize and dispose of any price controls, free up trade by getting rid of any barriers and develop market institutions as rapidly as possible. This will cause preliminary economic woes that could be very brutal, but proponents feel that they will subside and as the changeover proceeds ahead to a market economy it will lead to a higher standard of living for its citizens. Most recently shock therapy was implemented in Iraq. The war gave a chance for the US and its allies to introduce shock therapy. This was a chance to rebuild the country, introduce democracy and create a competitive economy. There would be a smaller state government, a flexible and trained workforce, open borders, lower taxes, no tariffs, and ownership restrictions would be eradicated (Klein, 2004). In the short run the citizens of Iraq would endure some short-term shock: possessions, formerly owned by the government, would have to be given up to generate fresh opportunities...
Words: 594 - Pages: 3
...No. 2060 August 7, 2007 The Estonian Economic Miracle The Honorable Mart Laar Estonia is a small country in Northern Europe on the Baltic Sea, at the crossroads of East and West, South and North. Samuel Huntington states that the Estonian border is a border of Western civilization, a border where civilizations clash.1 This has made Estonia interesting to historians but hard for people who live there. Throughout history, Estonians have had to fight for their freedom. In 1918, Estonia declared independence. It was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 during the Second World War. We fought the communist terror during the war but were defeated. As a result of the occupation, Estonia lost nearly 20 percent of its population. But we never gave up. When the 1980s offered us a new chance, we took advantage of it. Estonia became one of the first countries to pry open the cracks in the Soviet Empire. Finally, in 1991, after 50 years of occupation, Estonia became free again. We had freedom but little else. Estonia was destroyed during the period of communist rule. In 1939, Estonia’s living standards and way of life were more or less the same as neighboring Finland’s. Then Estonia lost its independence, but Finland, despite losing territory and population, succeeded in keeping its independence. Life under two different political systems created a huge disparity in the development of Finland and Estonia. People learned and worked hard on both sides of the Finnish Bay, but only the Finns...
Words: 7623 - Pages: 31
...What is the contribution of government policy at the broad macro level and at the sector level in Samsung’s technological learning? By the 1980s, Korean government had made it clear through a “pre-announcement system” that quantitative control and tariff cutting would be eliminated. Firms were thus given time to prepare and to adjust production systems for efficiency Protection and subsidies were not without a prize. The State imposed performance standards by which export performance was the “ultimate criterion of performance for the contest”, Lee (1997). Export criterion was in fact the key determinant of the relationship between the state and the enterprises. In other words, protection did not translate to complacency but was used to facilitate maturation and the attainment of international competitiveness. Still, the government of South Korea has had and continues to have a strong influence on business development in the nation. Beginning in the 1960s the government of South Korea began to formulate an industrial policy by which it established target industries and even target companies. These target industries and companies received special aid from the government to help nurture their growth. Under both Presidents Park Chung Hee and Chun Doo-Hwan, five-year plans were established to ensure the economic well-being of these companies through subsidies, tax relief, and protective tariffs. These policies contributed in part to the subsequent success of the Korean giant...
Words: 717 - Pages: 3
...History of the Chinese economy……………………………………………..……………………………….….…p 4 A- The Mao era (1945-1976)………………………………………………..……………………………….….…p 4 B- Post Mao era (Deng era 1976-1994)………..…………………………………………………….……….p 5 II- The process of transition……………………………………..………………………………………………………..p 5 III- Success and consequences of China’s economic transition….………………………………………p 6 IV- Challenges…………………………………………………………………………….……………..………...……………p 8 CONCLUSION…………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………..p 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………..……………………………………………………………………….……p 11 APPENDICES…………………………………..…………………………………………………………..……………….…..p 12 INTRODUCTION | China is now becoming the world’s most prominent up and coming super power. It is a country steeped with a long and chequered past and the history books will show that it deserves its place amongst world leaders. In the last century China has experienced some of its most turbulent years and only in the very latter part of the century has it come to overthrow the oppressive shackles that have haunted the nation from the Mao era. However the case could be argued that the Mao era may have been the catalyst for much of the good that can be found in the Chinese approach to growing a stable economy. Rather than introducing radical reforms and provoking social unrest, the Deng era of Chinese rule introduced a two-track transition process that has allowed the country to gradually move from a centrally planned economy to a wiser free market...
Words: 3331 - Pages: 14
...inspiration in the making of this paper; the researchers family and friends, who have supported the researchers in their time of need; Mr. Sherwin Magon, who provided us with invaluable information regarding the Transition; the Directory of Open Access Journals, who gave the researchers references to complete the research paper; and the almighty father, who gave the researchers strength to battle through the tough times the researchers encountered during the process of creating this research paper “Cultivate the habit of being grateful for every good thing that comes to you, and to give thanks continuously. And because all things have contributed to your advancement, you should include all things in your gratitude.” ― Ralph Waldo Emerson D.N.C.F J.C.M.F A.R.O.G Abstract Today, Transportation has become one of our daily needs. With the introduction of Terrafugia’s flying car: the Transition, this necessity would become less of a problem in our day-to-day lives. This research aimed to discover the problems, prospects and possibilities that the Transition will bring. The researchers used a qualitative method of research using library research. The researchers also Interviewed Engr. Sherwin Magon to have a broader understanding on the concept of flying cars. the Transition is a light sport aircraft approved by the National Aviation Society. It has...
Words: 3828 - Pages: 16
...IV. Corporate Culture What is this powerful force called “organizational culture” that can determine success or failure in an acquisition and merger. It has been defined in various ways that to work with the culture of an organization is to work with all aspects of a company. “It is the traditions, shared beliefs, and expectations about how individuals behave and accomplish tasks in organizations (Cartwright & Cooper, 1993).” All organizations have a culture, and consistent set of beliefs, shared by most of the members of the organization about how people should behave at work and what tasks and goals are important. The culture also includes and is shaped by the pattern of successful internal responses to adapt to external threats and issues. Since, the culture is results of past successes it will resist change even though a change in the environment, specifically a merger or acquisition, might impose a change in the culture. Economic globalization is viewed by some as the best hope for world stability, by others as the greatest threat. But almost everyone accepts that businesses of all types must embrace it. Organizational culture is a big aspect to globalizations. For recent years more and more international companies has merged. There are very successful acquisitions and mergers, but on the other hand, there are also unsuccessful mergers due to the differences of corporate culture. Some factors of the difference of corporate culture that firms need...
Words: 2475 - Pages: 10
...Office of Environmental Management Corporate Projects Initiative January 2003 Definition of EM Completion and DOE Site Closure This fact sheet defines critical points in the cleanup process, specifies where the Office of Environmental Management (EM) programmatic responsibility ends, and clarifies the responsibilities of other Program Secretarial Offices managing a site after EM’s mission is complete. Accordingly, these definitions serve as the framework for developing or revising strategic plans, site baselines, and implementation plans. Environmental Management (Cleanup) includes those activities necessary to evaluate and mitigate a release or threat of release of a hazardous substance that may pose a risk to human health or the environment. Cleanup activities may include source term remediation, facility disposition, ground water response measures, surface water response measures, and legacy waste management (e.g., transuranic and orphan waste disposition). The term cleanup is used interchangeably with the terms remedial action, removal action, response action, and corrective action. Response Action Completion occurs when a specific response attains its response action objective(s)/cleanup criteria such that no land use restrictions remain (e.g., contaminant concentrations reduced to acceptable, healthbased levels in ground water). EM Completion occurs when: 1) all required short-term response activities at a specific site are complete (e.g., soil excavation, cap construction...
Words: 1210 - Pages: 5
...result possibly the most studied of the class. VO2 is a strongly correlated electron system that exhibits a dramatic metal-insulator transition (MIT) near room temperature. In addition to the MIT, VO2 has also been shown to possess high temperature superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance[2]. Thin films made of VO2 have been made into novel electronic devices including waveguides, thermochromic windows, ultra-fast optical switches, photonic crystals, and bolometers. The large diversity of physical and chemical properties that they can thus possess make them technologically important and a rich ground for basic research. We will review this and other properties of VO2 and discuss how the bonding and crystallographic symmetry give rise to these properties. Let us begin with the basics… In bulk form, vanadium oxides display different oxidation states and V–O coordination spheres. In VO2, we have V+4 and O-2 with coordination numbers of 6 and 3, respectively. Using Pauling electronegativities (V=1.6, O=3.5) we see that ΔE > 1.7, indicating ionic bonding. Indeed, this is the case in the monoclinic phase. However, since there is a difference in electronegativity, we know that the bond has polar character. As VO2 undergoes the MIT near the critical temperature Tc=68oC, it is accompanied by a structural transformation and a transition from ionic bonding to metallic bonding[1]. Below Tc, the semiconducting phase takes the monoclinic structure; above Tc the metallic...
Words: 1934 - Pages: 8
...A PAPER ON “SELF-HEALING POLYMER TECHNOLOGY” [pic] SUBMITTED BY: Sreeja Gadhiraju, Naga vaishnavi.A, III/IV Mech, Sri Sivani Institute Of Technology. sreeja.btech@gmail.com INDEX |Topic |Page No. | | | | |ABSTRACT |1 | |introduction |2 | |INTRINSIC SELF-HEALING |2-3 | |EXTRINSIC SELF-HEALING |4-5 | |HEALING MECHANISM | 5-7 | |APPLICATION |7-8 | |PROBLEM AND CHALLENGES |9 | |CONCLUSION ...
Words: 2993 - Pages: 12
...1 ) Explain how kinetic energyand potential energy determine the properties of the three states and phase changes, what occurs when heat is added or removed from a substance and how to calculate the enthalpy change. Answer In a gas, the potential energy (energy of attraction) is small to the kinetic energy thus, on average, the particles are far apart. This large distance has several macroscopic consequences : a gas fills its container, is highly compressible, and flows easily through another gas. In a liquid , attractions are stronger because the particles are touching, but they have enough kinetic energy to move randomly around each other.Thus, a liquid conforms to the shape of its container but has a surface ; It resists an applied force and thus compresses very slightly ; and it flows, but much more slowly than gases. In a solid, the attractions dominate the motion so much that the particles are fixed in position relative to one another, just jiggling in place. Thus, a solid has its own shape, compresses even less than liquids, and does not flow significantly. Each phase change has a name and an associated entalphy change : Gas to liquid, and vice versa. As the temperature drops, the molecules in the gas come together and form a liquid in the process, changing from a liquid to gas, is vaporization. Liquid to solid, and vice versa. As the temperature drops further, the particles move slower and become fixed in position in the process of freezing ; In common speech...
Words: 1415 - Pages: 6
...Benefits of Business glass doors Nowadays, there is a great demand for the systems of glass which also seems to be great large market as well. No matter you are shifting from the local shops of furniture or any other online store, their you can also find the wonderful and ex citing shops and stores for you that fulfill many commercial purposes. The name also indicates that the exterior doors are developed to assist the professional with their every demand that is necessary for the maintenance and the development. Many people unaware of such places to find these kind of the doors and they find the expensive thing and products. To get rid of such type of issues and problems, you should go for the online shops where you can find the products in such range. The rating that are higher, the high acoustical, therefore don't think of such kind of sound proofing which you need. The sound ratings are of no use until the [partitions of the room that need the high voice rating. In such situation, the isolation is very crucial, so you may need to consult to the acoustician independently. When you are installing the partitions of doors, you might consider the storage space that is easy to place doors more far away the way you look at these kinds of products. The frameless sliding doors are creating the huge in thdemand in market today. These partitions are best that one can use to derive more functional characteristics at the workplace. If you wish to make the workplace more amazing...
Words: 3253 - Pages: 14
...Sealing mechanism: 1) Radial shaft seals: Radial shaft seals, also known as lip seals, are used to seal rotary elements, such as a shaft or rotating bore. It is widely used for in applications of full submersion of seal and shaft. Advantages: - Aviods leakage sufficientally - Prevent contamination which can harm components of the system. Operating conditions ( pressurized conditions) : Pressure ≤ 10 bar Temp -30 to 140oc Design: Lip ring with spiral spring for radial preloading Short but pressure stiff flexible, spring- preloaded sealing lip. 2) Stuffing box ( Gland seal) : The stuffing box prevents sea water from entering the UV hull. In many cases the stuffing box is mounted inboard near the point the shaft exits the hull. Design: The "box" is a cylindrical assembly, typically of bronze, comprising a sleeve threaded on one end to accept adjusting and locking nuts. A sound stuffing box installation is critical to safety because failure can admit a catastrophic volume of water into the UV Advantages: In a common type of stuffing box, rings of braided fiber, known as shaft packing or gland packing, form a seal between the shaft and the stuffing box. Ideally, the compression is just enough to make the seal both watertight when the shaft is stationary and drip slightly when the shaft is turning. 3) End face mechanical seal: An end face mechanical seal uses both rigid and flexible elements that maintain contact at a sealing interface and slide...
Words: 374 - Pages: 2
...Group Assignment 1 Visit the study group section and introduce yourself; also provide your schedule for keeping in touch. Discuss how to approach completing project 1 based on the social media for which your team will be the class leader. Every study group member should sign up for a social medium, connect with his or her study group, and start to communicate. Social Media Assignments * Study Group 1: Facebook * Study Group 2: Farmville * Study Group 3: Twitter * Study Group 4: YouTube * Study Group 5: FourSquare * Study Group 6: Pinterest ● The study group will be the leaders in connecting the class on the selected medium, using the applicable weekly conference and start-off communications using these techniques. ● The study group will write a three- to five-page paper on the contribution the selected social medium has made to e-marketing, providing recommendations on ways this contribution can be increased. ● Use ideas from study and class group discussions, modules 1-4, our textbook, and Internet research sources to help justify your assessment and recommendations. ● Use your instructor as a consultant during your project. The paper should consist of a contribution of a minimum of one typed page per study group member, including citations, along with a group-developed executive summary and comprehensive reference section at the end with at least 6 total references. As an example, with a four-person study group, the paper should be a minimum of...
Words: 706 - Pages: 3
...target every 5 sec Whenever the debuff is dispelled or its target dies, it jumps to a nearby unit - including adds How to deal with it? The debuffed player has to run next the off tank with the adds and dispel him there, so the plague will jump to an add Phase 1.5 and 2.5 - Transition phases - Everyone except off tank - Off tank At 70% hp transition phase takes place and lasts for 1 minute He will begin casting Remorseless Winter, so the raid must flee on the edge of the platform to get out of the spell Transition phases are almost just about controlling the spawning adds The off tank will move the remaining Shambling(s) and the Ghouls to his spot faced away The main tank will drag the missed ghouls into the stacking raid so they can be killed Raging Spirits will spawn during this fight every 20 seconds It's a target's spirit and the target will be attacked, but the off tank will taunt it asap and face it away from the raid When the 3. Spirit is summoned, Lich King casts quake, which destroys the outer ring of the platform The raid has 2,5 seconds to move away from the edge, onto the platform If a player has Nectrotic Plague debuff in the start of the transition phase, just run away 10y from the raid to get dispelled, the Plague will no longer jump There will also spawn Frost Orbs which heads toward the raid but are easily killed by a...
Words: 646 - Pages: 3
