...constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones. The case arose out of the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, which made it a federal offense "for any individual knowingly to possess a firearm at a place that the individual knows, or has reasonable cause to believe, is a school zone." Alfonso Lopez Jr., a high school senior, was convicted in a federal district court for knowingly possessing a concealed handgun and bullets at his San Antonio high school. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the decision, ruling that the law was beyond the reach of Congress's power under the Commerce Clause. The government appealed to the Supreme Court, which reviewed the case in 1994. The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision written by Chief Justice William Rehnquist and released in 1995, ruled that the Gun-Free School Zones Act was unconstitutional and overturned Lopez's conviction. The Court ruled that the act exceeded the limited powers of Congress under the Constitution, rejecting the government's argument that the act was constitutional because the buying and selling of guns and associated illicit activities affect "interstate commerce," which Congress may regulate under the Commerce Clause. The government claimed that gun violence in schools leads to both more dangerous and thus less commercially healthy neighborhoods and less economically productive kids. The Court responded that regulating guns in local schools is not sufficiently...
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...well as the cons to any situation. The minimum age of drinking, the safety of the way these roads operate and the speed limits are all considered when discussing the Federal Highway Policy as well as the many issues that takes place in reference to the three issues listed. As we are all familiar, the legal drinking age of alcohol consumption is 21. There are many issues to the legal drinking age and why some agree that is should be lowered. Back in the 1970’s, a trend toward lowering the minimum legal drinking age 18, 19, or 20 took place in the states providing many natural experiments (Wagenarr & Toomey, 2005). As a result of lowering the legal drinking age traffic crashes increased significantly and the citizens encouraged to raise the drinking age back to the age of 21( Wagenarr & Toomey,2005). I have witnessed many traffic crashes due to many young adults under the influence of alcohol. I feel that the legal age should stay at 21 and it should not be argued in no way shape or form since it makes it dangerous on the road for anyone...
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...paper explores the issue of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)—the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), allowing marijuana on planes, medical or not. This paper also addresses the issue of what steps TSA aviation security would follow as a procedure of an individual attempting to or boarding an airplane with marijuana. TSA has a “Prohibited Items” policy that specifically lists items prohibited from airplanes (“Prohibited Items,” 2014). This particular procedure would call for an adjustment in the TSA’s budget plan for the fiscal year 2015. Keywords: TSA, airplanes, FAA, prohibited items, medical marijuana According to the Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), have certain items that are prohibited from being brought onto airplanes in carry-on and checked bags (“Prohibited Items,” 2014). Although some items are generally permitted, they may be subject to additional screening or they will even be rejected if they trigger any alarms during the screening process, appear that someone has tampered with it, or pose other security problems (“Prohibited Items,” 2014). Some dangerous items are illegal in certain states and passengers will be subject to the state laws. Each passenger is responsible for obtaining the knowledge that origination and destination cities may have local laws prohibiting the possession of items such as: sharp objects, sporting goods, guns and firearms, tools,...
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...Celsius) rise in global temperatures and a 7 ¼ in (20 cm) rise is sea level during the twentieth century (Maslin, 2007, p. 7). For example, Arctic ice is decreasing leaving polar bears suffering from the ice loss. The following paper includes what is global warming, causes of global warming, possible global warming effects, what the government doing to prevent global warming, and what is being done at the international level to address global warming. What is global warming? Oil and coal are two of the main problems behind global warming. Global warming is an increase in the earth’s atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting especially from pollution (Spence, 1970, p. 5). Some individuals feel and think that global warming is not affecting them; wrong answer because it is a known fact that every year global warming kills 150,000 people across the world due to health...
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...Checkers provides the following facilities: 15 rooms, Superior and Presidential Suites and Jacuzzi, Non Smoking rooms, Bar and 24 hr Coffee shop and Restaurants, Two Banquet halls, Business Centre, Indian and Oriental Restaurants, 24 hr Internet facility, Gym, Terrace Swimming Pool. Local area Reception, lobby and front office: As one enters the building through the main entrance, there is an overwhelming feeling of awe of the traditionally yet classically done interiors. A waiting lobby comfortably placed with new magazines and newspapers, on either side of the entrance with a seating capacity of 15-20 persons, which directly faces the reception and an information desk adjacent to it. The helical staircase acts as a backdrop for the reception and continues throughout the 10 floors of the hotel finished with a creamy marble and brass hand rails which gives it an informal and rich feeling to the overall setup. There are 2 capsule lifts in the atrium near the reception adjacent to the helical staircase which runs between the -2 basement levels to the tenth floor. The E-messenger or an electronic display board placed near the atrium gives information about all the conferences, parties or function happening in the hotel on that date. The 50 feet long chandelier in the atrium attracts a lot of interest from the guests and also intensifies the height of the...
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...this vehicle having to pay millions of dollars in lawsuits. This was due to their negligence in not following the proper inspection procedures. It will be observed how this company was affected by the ethical and unethical issues regarding the Ford Pinto along with Ford and the Department of Transportation being the blame for every accident that transpired for not following the normal inspection procedures. A comparison of utilitarianism, deontological and virtue ethics in whistle blowing will be discussed to display how any business today can experience the negative or positive effects of such behavior. The risk taken stirred up a lot of talk nationwide regarding Ford’s action. The question of discussion will focus on whether or not Ford was actually the total blame for each incident that took place. First a possible solution will be looked at for the situation if one was to find themselves in the position of Mr. Iacocca. If one were involved in an ethical dilemma such as the Ford Pinto Case, first and foremost, the solution would be based on doing the right thing, because it is good for the business and the consumer. Although that sounds simple, doing what is right is hard to act on. Be aware that these decisions will stem from some difficult psychological reasoning,...
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...and trade increases, United States’ ports and businesses begin to look for alternative forms of transportation in order to move cargo off of the roads and onto the water. One solution to this issue is the implication of Short Sea Shipping. Short Sea Shipping is the act of shipping intercontinentally, using waterways such as rivers and inlets to transport people and goods from one destination to another without crossing over oceans. An example of this would be using the Mississippi River as a trade route to transport goods from Canada to the Gulf Coast. Though Short Sea Shipping has been around for centuries, today’s over-congestion of North American highway trade and travel has created a greater demand for this method of transportation. It has already proven to be a successful mean of shipping and is currently at the forefront of Europe’s transportation system. The use of this type of shipping has many benefits, including: the potential to alleviate air pollution, reduce accidents and congestion on our freeways, while also saving the shipping companies money. International trade between Asia and the United States’ West Coast ports, transiting through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, is expected to double in volume in the next fifteen years (ESCAP 2010). These greater volumes of commercial traffic are adding to congestion and environmental pressures on landside transportation systems, particularly those associated with the major urban regions on the West Coast. Short Sea...
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...the microorganisms would die, while others capable of eating the organic pollution would survive. Bioremediation works by providing these pollution-eating organisms with fertilizer, oxygen, and other conditions that encourage their rapid growth. These organisms would then be able to break down the organic pollutant at a correspondingly faster rate. In fact, bioremediation is often used to help clean up oil spills. Bioremediation of a contaminated site typically works in one of two ways. In the case described above, ways are found to enhance the growth of whatever pollution-eating microbes might already be living at the contaminated site. In the second, specialized microbes are added to degrade the contaminants. Bioremediation provides a good cleanup strategy for some types of pollution, but as you might expect, it will not work for all. For example, bioremediation may not provide a feasible strategy at sites with high concentrations of chemicals that are toxic to most microorganisms. These chemicals include metals such as cadmium or lead, and salts such as sodium chloride. Nonetheless, bioremediation provides a technique for cleaning up pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation processes that occur in nature. Depending on the site and its contaminants, bioremediation may be safer and less expensive than alternative solutions such as...
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...INTRODUCTION Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 was formulated mainly referring to the British Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 that includes general duty for workers. The OSHA 1994 was made to considering the fact that the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 only covered occupational safety and health in the manufacturing, mining, and construction industries. The OSH regulations impose an expected penalty that is positively related to the presence of risky working conditions for workers not in compliance with the standards. Safety and health system is based on the principle of assessing the risks and managing them sensibly, encouraging the workers to focus their energy more on the significant hazards that can cause...
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...2013-14 Advanced Environmental Technologies 2013-14 Holly Cross Athletic Facility Decontamination Analysis Cleaning vs. Disinfecting Introduction Cleaning and disinfecting of public transportation is a matter of technique, coupled with the proper cleaning agents. To insure that cross contamination of harmful microbes does not occur, certain steps need to be followed to take cleanliness down to the microscopic level, where the cause of the problem actually originates. Current practices of popular cleaners often instruct the user to spray on, wait 30 seconds, and wipe. They also do little to stop cross contamination as the user moves from one container to the next. For containers, airplanes, and intermodal vehicles that go all over the world, the simple act of “cleaning” with a less powerful agent could actually be the cause of a disease jumping from one country to the next. The current practices of using alcohol-based Simple Green, or similar products, instead of the more powerful chlorine dioxide could be a legal problem due to the to the lack of disinfecting properties required by insurance and governing policies. School buses play a major role in the intermodal world we live in. The public transportation network moves millions of people around the world in vehicles that are prime targets for the growth of microbials such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. About Microbes within Athletic Facilities Microbial populations of viruses, bacteria, and fungi are among...
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...Shegoankar (149) Hazardous waste management is the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste material that, when improperly handled, can cause substantial harm to human health and safety or to the environment. Hazardous wastes can take the form of solids, liquids, sludges, or contained gases, and they are generated primarily by chemical production, manufacturing, and other industrial activities. They may cause damage during inadequate storage, transportation, treatment, or disposal operations. Improper hazardous-waste storage or disposal frequently contaminates surface and groundwater supplies. People living in homes built near old and abandoned waste disposal sites may be in a particularly vulnerable position. In an effort to remedy existing problems and to prevent future harm from hazardous wastes, governments closely regulate the practice of hazardous-waste management. Hazardous Materials Regulations Hazardous materials are regulated by three primary government agencies: 1. Department of Transportation (DOT) – Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) 2. Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) – Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR) 3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) DOT regulations tell us how to properly...
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...at age 18, and they should be able to vote at age 16.” Then there are groups that have been formed such as, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, who are strongly against lowering the drinking age to 18 and fully support 21 to be the legal drinking age. Lowering the drinking age to 18 resulted in more car accidents, deaths, and harmful effects to the body at such a younger age. Having the legal drinking age at 21 is for everyone’s own safety and health, also less under age kids will and have the ability to drink. In the 1970’s the drinking age was 18 years old because it was thought if you could fight in the Vietnam War you should be able to drink. However, having the legal drinking age at 18 lead to an outrageous number of younger kids drunk driving, causing traffic crashes and deaths. This was the main problem they faced with having the drinking age lower. The government found a solution to stop the number of death rates, by passing the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, which rose the age for purchasing and consuming alcohol to 21. ABC News article, ‘Group...
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...village ties. For the first few years the Chinese worked mainly placer claims. However, as the placer mining became exhausted in the early 1850s and the white miners forced that were forced to become laborers for mining companies they began to blame the Chinese miners. In 1852 Governor Bigler gave a speech and in that speech he accused the Chinese of not contributing to the country In 1852 the California State Legislature passed a Foreign Miners Tax which mainly applied to the Chinese who had to pay $3.00 a month for the right to mine. The Anti-Chinese sentiment died down until the 1870s when once again the Chinese were looked as interlopers and unfair competition to white workers. This Anti-Chinese movement led to the Chinese Exclusion Act of...
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...AVIATION TERRORISM Thwarting High-Impact Low-Probability Attacks TERRORISME AÉRIEN Contrecarrer des attaques improbables à impacts élevés A Thesis Submitted to the Division of Graduate Studies of the Royal Military College of Canada by Jacques Duchesneau, C.M., C.Q., C.D. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2015 ©Jacques Duchesneau © This thesis may be used within the Department of National Defence but copyright for open publication remains the property of the author. ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE OF CANADA COLLÈGE MILITAIRE ROYAL DU CANADA DIVISION OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH DIVISION DES ÉTUDES SUPÉRIEURES ET DE LA RECHERCHE This is to certify that the thesis prepared by / Ceci certifie que la thèse rédigée par JACQUES DUCHESNEAU, C.M., C.Q., C.D. AVIATION TERRORISM Thwarting High-Impact Low-Probability Attacks complies with the Royal Military College of Canada regulations and that it meets the accepted standards of the Graduate School with respect to quality, and, in the case of a doctoral thesis, originality, / satisfait aux règlements du Collège militaire royal du Canada et qu'elle respecte les normes acceptées par la Faculté des études supérieures quant à la qualité et, dans le cas d'une thèse de doctorat, l'originalité, for the degree of / pour le diplôme de PHILOSOPHIÆ DOCTOR IN WAR STUDIES Signed by the final examining committee: / Signé par les membres du comité examinateur...
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...Temporary Labor: Issues of Health and Safety Experienced by Warehouse Workers in the Inland Empire By: Emily Phipps Ontario 106: Applied Methods in Qualitative Research December 2012 Phipps 2 Table Of Contents Introduction: Page 3 An Overview of Globalization and its Local Impacts on Warehouse Workers in the Inland Empire: Page 6 Literature Review: Page 8 Research Methods: Page 12 Setting: Page 12 Positionality: Page 14 Methods: Page 16 Ethics: Page 17 Discussion: Page 17 Health and Safety Issues in the Warehouse: Page 17 Corporate Responses to Health and Safety Issues: Page 20 Effects of Warehouse Workers United: Page 25 Conclusions: Page 29 Works Cited: Page 31 Appendix: Page 33 Phipps 3 Introduction: The NFI, a national trucking and supply chain company, warehouse in Mira Loma is a short bus ride from the Warehouse Workers United (WWU) headquarters, located at 601 S. Milliken Ave, Suite A Ontario, California. The bus is full of workers and community supporters filled with excitement and anticipation. We leave the WWU parking lot, heading south on Milliken ave, past the multitude of temporary staffing agencies and warehouses and over the train tracks. We take another left at the stop light onto E Mission ave and on the right, I can see all of the ‘Wal-Mart’ and ‘Swift’ containers through the thin line of trees. We turn onto Wineville ave, and we arrive at the warehouse. The bus doors open and the suffocating smell of animal decay from the nearby farms and slaughterhouses...
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