...UNIT 38: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Get assignment help for this unit at assignmenthelpuk@yahoo.com LO1 Understand the rationale for planning in the travel and tourism industry Rationale: to achieve the determined objectives eg improved employment opportunities, protection and conservation of wildlife, landscape, co-ordination between public/private partners, to maximise benefits, provide infrastructure, co-ordinate development, consumer protection; involvement of stakeholders eg developers, tourism industry, tourists and host community; public/private partnerships and advantages/disadvantages of; effective use of resources eg infrastructure; natural, cultural, heritage, human resources https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5649485182751853952#editor/target=post;postID=3748877749371906313 LO2 Understand different approaches to tourism planning and development Planning: environmental; economic; social; international; national; regional; local; strategic; short term; qualitative; quantitative; methods of measuring tourism impact eg Cambridge Economic Impact Model (STEAM), Environmental Impact Studies, Pro Poor Tourism; Responsible Tourism, interactive planning systems and processes Development: preservation, conservation, new build LO3 Understand the need for planning for sustainable tourism Sustainable tourism: definitions eg Brundtland Report (1987), Triple Bottom Line, World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) Principles for Sustainable Development (1995) Principles:...
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...Record - Oct 14, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from jvm.sagepub.com at EMIRATES AHM on February 25, 2012 Article Journal of Vacation Marketing 17(4) 303–314 ª The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1356766711423322 jvm.sagepub.com Benefit segmentation of potential wellbeing tourists Juho Pesonen, Tommi Laukkanen and Raija Komppula University of Eastern Finland, Finland Abstract The purpose of this study is to segment tourists according to the benefits they seek from a tourism destination. These segments are examined in order to find attractive segments for local wellbeing products. Segmentation in the context of wellbeing and wellness provides companies information on what kind of tourists are most interested in buying wellbeing products and contributes to the existing segmentation theory by using data driven segmentation in a situation where traditionally commonsense segmentation is used. The literature surrounding benefit segmentation in tourism is reviewed in order to find the benefits tourists might think of as important. The results of K-means...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Tourism Management 29 (2008) 403–428 www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Progress in Tourism Management Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research Donald Getzà Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, 2500 University Ave. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Received 24 April 2007; accepted 31 July 2007 Abstract This article reviews ‘event tourism’ as both professional practice and a field of academic study. The origins and evolution of research on event tourism are pinpointed through both chronological and thematic literature reviews. A conceptual model of the core phenomenon and key themes in event tourism studies is provided as a framework for spurring theoretical advancement, identifying research gaps, and assisting professional practice. Conclusions are in two parts: a discussion of implications for the practice of event management and tourism, and implications are drawn for advancing theory in event tourism. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Event tourism; Definitions; Theory; Research 1. Introduction Events are an important motivator of tourism, and figure prominently in the development and marketing plans of most destinations. The roles and impacts of planned events within tourism have been well documented, and are of increasing importance for destination competitiveness. Yet it was only a few decades ago that ‘event tourism’ became established in both the tourism industry and in the research community,...
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...„RECESSION HAS AFFECTED TOURISM INDUSTRY GLOBALLY. WHAT MEASURES CAN BE TAKEN BY UK HOTELS?‟ “CASE STUDY: MARRIOTT GROUP OF HOTEL‟S EFFORT TO ATTRACT MEDICAL TOURISTS” RAMAMOORTHY PANDIAN STUDENT ID: 09004669 DISSERTATION SUPERVISOR THOMAS REEVES SUBMITTED IN PART FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF WALES INSTITUTE, CARDIFF FEB 2010 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Thomas Reeves for his valuable professional advice and guidance as well as for rendering his kindness, endless patience and continuous encouragement towards my dissertation. I would like to thank interviewees in the Marriott Group of hotels and its branches, without which this study could not have been reached its conclusion. A handful of thanks to all the lecturers of my concern for their teaching, without them, I can‟t learn so much knowledge. This dissertation could not have been completed without continuous support, encouragement, and caring of all my friends and my family members. I would wish them many a thanks too. Finally, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to those who provided me with great support and encouragement during my studies in UK. Thanks again to all of them. 2 ABSTRACT The aim is to find out the most possible means that recession would affect the tourism industry globally and also to pay attention towards the various measures taken over...
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...COUNTRY ATTRIBUTES ON STUDY ABROAD PROGRAM AND TOURISM DESTINATION PURCHASING DECISIONS ABSTRACT Place branding has become a very competitive arena. Despite the interest of researchers and practitioners, the segment of study abroad programs has received limited attention in the literature review. According to the 2008 Global Directions in Language Travel report, in 2008, in the language studies abroad travel market, more than 1.3 million students studied languages abroad. This limited attention is surprising, given that more and more students are studying abroad. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate which country attributes are considered relevant when students choose a place for study. In addition, the study investigates whether these attributes are similar to or different from those contemplated when a country is considered as a tourist destination. The results of this study will provide educators and university administrators with some direction for developing more attractive study abroad program offers. In addition, place marketers and governments can benefit from these results with their efforts to attract more visitors to their countries since the market segment of youth pursuing an education aboard has seen steady growth in recent years. KEYWORDS: Image, Destination, Country, Attributes, Study Abroad 1. INTRODUCTION The tourism industry has experienced robust growth over the last decades. As a result, competition in the global tourism market is greater than...
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...the tourism industry: The case of travel agencies. Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija.Biennial International Congress.Tourism & Hospitality Industry, , 587-598. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/763422092?accountid=35812 2. Marin-Pantelescu, A., & Tigu, G. (2010). Features of the travel and tourism industry which may affect pricing. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 1(1), 8-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/862377843?accountid=35812 3. Andreea Marin-Pantelescu, & Tigu, G. (2010). Features of the travel and tourism industry which may affect pricing. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 1(1), 8-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/862377843?accountid=35812 4. Uzama, A. (2009). Marketing japan's travel and tourism industry to international tourists. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(3), 356-365. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110910948341 5. Uzama, A. (2009). Marketing japan's travel and tourism industry to international tourists. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(3), 356-365. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110910948341 6. Yahya, F. (2003). Tourism flows between india and singapore. The International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(5), 347-367. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/214526322?accountid=35812 7. Uppal, P. (2000, Jun 09). Industry Spotlight/Travel and tourism:...
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...Sector Report No. 8 / 2006 ICT and e-Business in the Tourism Industry ICT adoption and e-business activity in 2006 European Commission Tourism About e-Business W@tch and this report The European Commission, Enterprise & Industry Directorate General, launched the e-Business W@tch to monitor the growing maturity of electronic business across different sectors of the economy in the enlarged European Union, EEA and Accession countries. Since January 2002, the e-Business W@tch has analysed e-business developments and impacts in manufacturing, construction, financial and service sectors. All results are available on the internet and can be accessed or ordered via the Europa server or directly at the e-Business W@tch website (http://ec.europa.eu/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index.htm, www.ebusiness-watch.org). This document is a sector study by e-Business W@tch, focusing on the tourism industry. Its objective is to describe how companies in this industry use ICT for conducting business, to assess the impact of this development for firms and for the industry as a whole, and to indicate possible implications for policy. Analysis is based on literature, interviews, case studies and a survey among decision-makers in European enterprises from the tourism industry about the ICT use of their company. Disclaimer Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information...
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...DISSERTATION REPORT- BACKPACKERS: THE NEXT GENERATION? INTRODUCTION Since the mid-1990s, the tourism industry has become aware of the economic ‘phenomenon’ of backpacker tourism and the extent to which it contributes financially to both developed and developing countries. To date, most backpacker research has focussed on reviewing the experiences and choices in travel of the 18-29 year olds who constitute the bulk of the market. Future research should move away from assuming that backpacking is a homogenous phenomenon and should instead review its diverse manifestations, in terms of differences in age, gender, origins, and particular subcultures. Who is a tourist? Who is a backpacker? These two apparently simple questions have been discussed and debated for years by academics. The tourist is a voluntary, temporary traveller, travelling in the expectation of pleasure from the novelty and change experienced on a relatively long and non-recurrent roundtrip. Tourists were sub-classified into four travel roles:organized mass tourists, individual mass tourists, explorers, and drifters. The definition of backpackers included a preference for budget accommodation and emphases on meeting other travellers, flexible itineraries, longer rather than shorter holidays and informal and participatory holidays. Most studies of backpackers have indicated that more than 80% of backpackers are less than 30 years of age. PRIMARY RESEARCH QUESTION *...
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...perceived image of tourist destinations: A quantitative analysis-A case study of Lanzarote, Spain Tourism Management, 25(5), 623-636. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2003.06.004 Cain, S. (2005). Disney effect. Orange County Business Journal, 25(13), 1, 61-62. Hsu, Che Wei (2011). Motivation of people who visit disneyland, Master’s Thesis of behavioral sciences, recreation and tourism, California State University, Long beach Crandall, R. (1980). Motivations for leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 45-54. Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research,6(4), 408-424. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5 Crompton, J. L., & Mac Kay, S. L. (1997). Motives of visitors attending festival events. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 425-439. doi:10.1016/S0160- 7383(97) 80010-2. Dann, G. M. S. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194. doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037-8 Dann, G M. S. (1981). Tourism motivation: an appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(2), 187-219. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(81)90082-7. Fodness, D. (1994). Measuring tourist motivation. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 555-581. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)90120-l Gnoth, J. (1997). Tourism motivation and expectation formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 283-304. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80002-3...
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...Sohail, M.S, 2004. Festival tourism in the United Arab Emirates:First-time versus repeat visitor perceptions. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10, 161-170. Baloglu, S., Brinberg, D., 1997, Affective images of tourism destinations, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.35(4), pp.11-15. Balakrishnan, M.S., 2008. Dubai- A star in the East. A case study in strategic destination branding. Journal of Place Management and Development,1, 62-91 Bonham, C., Mak, J., 1996, Private versus public financing of state destination promotion, Journal of Travel Research, Vol.35(2), pp.3-10. Buhalis, D., and Cooper, C., 1998, Competition or co-operation: The needs of Small and Medium sized Tourism Enterprises at a destination level, in E., Laws, Faulkner, B., and Moscardo, G., (ed.), Embracing and managing change in Tourism, Routledge, London. Chon, K. S., 1991, Tourism destination image modification process: marketing implications, Tourism Management, Vol.12(1),pp.68-72. Chon, K. S., 1992, Self-image/destination image congruity, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.19(2),pp.360-363 Cooper, C. P., 1989, Tourist product life cycle, in Witt, S.F. and Moutinho, L.(eds), Tourism marketing and management handbook, London: Prentice Hall, pp.577-580 Cooper, C., 1992, The life cycle concept and tourism, in Johnson, P.; Thomas, B., (eds), Choice and demand in tourism, London, UK; Mansell, pp.145-160. Cooper, C., 1994, Tourism product life cycle, in Seaton, A., et al (eds) Tourism: The state of the art...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis...
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...Economic impacts of Tourism Page # 1 Economic Impacts of Tourism Daniel J. Stynes Businesses and public organizations are increasingly interested in the economic impacts of tourism at national, state, and local levels. One regularly hears claims that tourism supports X jobs in an area or that a festival or special event generated Y million dollars in sales or income in a community. “Multiplier effects” are often cited to capture secondary effects of tourism spending and show the wide range of sectors in a community that may benefit from tourism. Tourism’s economic benefits are touted by the industry for a variety of reasons. Claims of tourism’s economic significance give the industry greater respect among the business community, public officials, and the public in general. This often translates into decisions or public policies that are favorable to tourism. Community support is important for tourism, as it is an activity that affects the entire community. Tourism businesses depend extensively on each other as well as on other businesses, government and residents of the local community. Economic benefits and costs of tourism reach virtually everyone in the region in one way or another. Economic impact analyses provide tangible estimates of these economic interdependencies and a better understanding of the role and importance of tourism in a region’s economy. Tourism activity also involves economic costs, including the direct costs incurred by tourism businesses, government...
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...Abstracts: Tourism Development Journal, Vol. 8. Issue 1, September 2010 Status of MICE Venues and Services in National Capital Region – A Study of Service Providers Opinion Manjual Chaudhary and Surjeet Kumar Abstract Meeting, Incentive, Conference, Exhibitions (MICE) is a niche business for the specialized clientele and services it offers. Globally it is growing at fast rate and India too is following at 15% to 20 % annual growth. Promotion of a destination; a city, hotel or resort as a MICE venue requires infrastructural facilities backed by support services. Infrastructural facilities involve connectivity, water supply, power, telecommunications etc. at macro level and at micro level facilities such as technical services, display, manpower, computer & audiovisual etc . The facilities at the macro level are provided by the government, when it identifies a city as MICE destination. Government of India (2007) plans to develop golden triangle cities of Delhi, Agra & Jaipur as MICE destinations. Further micro level facilities are created by hotels, travel agents, airlines, event management companies, convention centres, transport companies etc. This paper attempts to assess MICE venues and services of NCR region through a survey of hotels, travel agents, event management companies, conference venues and airlines as these are the prime players in the organization of MICE events. Key Words: Business Tourism, MICE, Event Management. ---------------------------------- Congress Tourism in...
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...Topic: Heritage management (manage visitors. services. safeguarding built heritage. from tourism point of view Introduction Tourism is a major industry and strong economic vehicle that makes a significant contribution to overall national economy. (Nicolette de Sausmarez, 2007) Tourism for many individuals is about enjoyment and having fun, for governments tourism is generator of important foreign exchange and job creator for allied industries. Tourist industry has a major impact on host country’s civil society and social landscape. Tourism provides economic benefits and influences the local residents in many other ways as well (Oui, 2005). Tourists are exposed to local politics implicitly by being exposed to conditions that are present for local residents. Only countries with safe and stable image draw tourists in abandon, so in other ways increasing levels of tourists imply an endorsements of concerned location’s ambient environment. Political regimes are indirectly bolstered by tourists, therefore tourism not only aids in economic development but for international support of governmental policies (Oui, 2005). In case of a crisis or disaster, economy is disturbed and livelihood of many may be affected. Crisis indicators may be useful in highlighting areas of concern and minimize affects on tourism. The damage to tourist destination may be substantial, as in the case of SARS outbreak or Bali bombings and full recovery may take a significant time and effort. Crisis...
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...Rodolfo Baggio Marianna Sigala Alessandro Inversini Juho Pesonen Editors Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 eProceedings of the ENTER 2014 PhD Workshop in Dublin, Ireland. January 21, 2014 Preface The advent of Information and communication technology (ICT) has had a paramount impact on tourism. The effects of this revolution continue to change the nature of contemporary tourism on a day-to-day base. The globalization of information, open innovation, better access, collaboration in a generation of information and technological convergence, have all contributed to the design of a new scientific paradigm. Thanks to our passion for research and to the continuous advancements in the technological ecosystem as well as the possibility of better understanding human activity and behavior we are on the threshold of a new era of the social science of tourism. This new social and technological paradigm affects tourism and human mobility in a way that gives the research process unheard-of possibilities. The current level of technological development allows for the construction of objects that are smaller, more intelligent and embedded in the environment and even wearable. These objects, which record and learn our habits are connected to the Internet and they have computing capabilities. They can also be interconnected and generate large quantities of information to benefit the environment in which they are located as well as the travellers that possess...
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