...with a mental illness (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the many mental illnesses that are diagnosed worldwide. This disorder is a debilitating mental disorder that can become manageable with treatment (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). To have a complete understanding of obsessive compulsive disorder it is important to review all aspects of this disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a chronic disorder that is characterized by uncontrollable, intrusive thoughts called obsessions and repetitive behaviors or mental acts which are called compulsions (National Institute of Mental...
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...Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Jackie Clanton PSY/450 January 26, 2013 Dr. Angela Ramirez Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder is one of many anxiety disorders and is defined as a mental disorder in which an individual experiences obsessions or compulsions, either singly or together according to the Merriam Webster online dictionary. Obsessive compulsive can start in childhood or young adulthood the disorder is equally common among men and women in adulthood (Parmet, Lynm & Golub, 2011). Obsessions are unwanted, recurrent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate (Parmet, Lynm & Golub, 2011). Compulsions are defined as repetitive behaviors or "rituals" that the person feels driven to perform in a particular way (Parmet, Lynm & Golub, 2011). There are several different ways to treat obsessive compulsive disorder but there is no known cure. Human development relies on socialization with other humans obsessive compulsive disorder can hinder social interaction thus hindering a person’s normal development. Obsessions and Compulsions Obsessive compulsive disorder occurs more frequently in adolescents and adults than in children, but when it is found in children it is more common in boys than in girls (Parmet, Lynm & Golub, 2011). A person with obsessive compulsive disorder may have obsessions compulsions or both obsessions and compulsions. There are several characteristics of obsessions...
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...Obsessive - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents A Review of Literature Galaunda J. Pee Professor Shirley McClerklin - Motley “Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV TR)” Coker College, Hartsville South Carolina Abstract Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or OCD, is a medical disorder that causes repetitive, unpleasant thoughts (obsessions) or behaviors (compulsions) that are difficult to control (Stewart et al.2007). Unlike ordinary worries or habits, these obsessions and compulsions may consume significant amounts of time, more than an hour per day, may interfere with a person’s daily schedule. OCD may cause significant distress, and affects approximately one percent of children and adolescents. It was once considered a rare condition, but is now viewed as not only one of the more prevalent psychiatric disorders, but also one the most disabling medical disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder has a significant impact on humans and social functioning, quality of life, family, Relationships socio-economic status. Think of OCD as an “overactive alarm system.” Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), is a debilitation neuropsychiatry disorder with a lifetime prevalence of two to three percent and is estimated to be the tenth leading cause of disability in the world (Abramowitz, J.S. (2006)...
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...A Summary of the Journal Article: Seasonal Obsessive‑Compulsive Disorder = A Summary of the Journal Article: Seasonal Obsessive‑Compulsive Disorder Obsessive‑Compulsive Disorder is excessive thought (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors. Seasonal Obsessive‑Compulsive Disorder, which is very rare, is when the symptoms occur during a certain time of the year; such as autumn or spring. This rare ten year (2004-2014) case study is about a patient whose Obsessive‑Compulsive Disorder had its onset during winter and remitted the following summer. This 41yearold housewife, educated up to sixth standard, hailing from middle socioeconomic status, with nil contributory family history, and suffering from hypertension and myopia in left eye (+0.75) and hypermetropia in right eye (−0.75), reported to outpatient clinic with history of 10years duration characterized by unpleasant, frequent, and distressing worries related to dirt and contamination (Sinha, P., Bakhla, A. K., Patnaik, A. K., & Chaudhury, S., 2014). These triggered the occurrence of long, nonfunctional repetitive behaviors such as cleaning and repeating the same words over and over. It was also stated both by husband and the patient that these symptoms have a seasonal pattern developing in October and completing the cycle in April-May. This pattern was so wellrecognized that she wasn’t given any treatment for the first three to four years as they considered it an result of the change of the seasons and that symptoms...
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...2012 Matthew Hoffman Mental Illness: OCD Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by the inability to control or even stop unwanted thoughts and actions. From the 14th to the 16th century in Europe, OCD was thought to be a devilish influence and treated through exorcisms (“Who discovered OCD?”). As time went on, this anxiety disorder was thought as a form on insanity; this was until the 19th century. In the 19th century, the obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions were debated as neurosis (“A short history of OCD”, 2009). Finally in 1910, OCD was known to be the “touching disorder” by Sigmund Freud. Freud and Pierre Janet were the first to identify that the disorder is a psychological disorder (“A short history of OCD”, 2009; “Who discovered OCD?”, Karr, 2010). Obsessive-compulsive disorder affects about 1 percent of the United States and 1.8 percent of Canadians. The cradle to grave occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder is approximately 1.7 to 4 percent (Moscou & Snipe, 2009). In adults, men and women are equally affected by OCD, according to the American Psychiatric Association in the DSM-IV-TR (2000). According to Medical Doctor, Sang H. Suh, men with OCD have symptoms show up at a younger age than women; men as 6 to 15 years old and women being in their 20’s (2004). Some researchers say that minorities—mostly African and Mexican Americans—are more susceptible to anxiety disorders, such as OCD. This is very controversial because...
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...Children Just Want to be Treated Equally Academic Behavior Code A. Califano April 24, 2013 Abstract Many children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder go undiagnosed. Researchers examine the possible causes and found that many children do not get diagnosed because of their lack of ability to understand and vocalize their experiences; hindering children’s abilities to maintain relationships and perform well in school. ERP is a form of treatment that has been recorded to work in many cases. In some circumstances children may not be able to handle the distress and anxiety that is associated with the repeated exposure exercises. Treatment is extremely important for those who are suffering from OCD. If not properly treated, it is expected that those people unfortunately can have a chronic and deteriorating course. Keywords: OCD, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Children, Adolescents, ERP, Treatment, Distress, Anxiety, Diagnosis Children Just Want to be Treated Equally Obsessive-compulsive disorder, referred to as OCD, is a common psychiatric disorder and is one of the highest recorded in the United States. It has been estimated that OCD affects 1 in 200 young persons (Adams, 1999). This means that 3 or 4 students in an averaged sized elementary school suffer from obsessive compulsive disorder. This disorder impairs children’s abilities to function in home, school, and community settings. The American Psychiatric Association (2000) characterizes OCD as recurrent...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment Lisa Harris BEH/225 November 12, 2011 Ainsley Hendricks Diagnosis and Treatment Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or OCD as it is commonly known is a form of anxiety disorder and can also be a debilitating disorder, often times it interrupts the individuals day to day life. Obsessions are uncontrolled feelings and notions that keep repeating despite the individual suffering from them vast attempt to stop them. Compulsions are repetitive, ritualistic behaviors that an individual feels the need to perform. Obsessive thoughts can be scary and horrific nature. Any one individual can experience an obsessive thought every now and then, for example if someone asks another person “who was the guy who played in that movie we saw last night”, well they cannot remember so they will obsess over it and try to figure out who it was. This obsession is different from the anxious obsessive thoughts that an Obsessive Compulsive Disorder sufferer is going through. For the individual suffering from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder he or she for example may feel that he has to go through the whole house and check to make sure every door and window is locked even though that he or she knows that they are locked but they are so overwhelmed with the obsessive thought that he or she cannot stop. If someone where try to stop a person from performing the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ritual or as some people may think of it as irrational behavior the person could begin...
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...Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder that can be more debilitating than one would think. It has been found that the cause of OCD is either due to brain abnormalities or a chemical imbalance. There are various types of treatments out there to treat OCD. There are two possible treatments for OCD: psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) is one of the possible treatments of OCD. This type of treatment helps patients internalize a strategy to resist OCD for the rest of their life. It has been found that serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are very effective in treating OCD. What this medication does is increase the concentration of serotonin in the brain. One of the common SRIs used to treat OCD in the United...
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...Obsessive – Compulsive Disorder BEH/225 Obsessive-compulsive disorder is type of anxiety disorder that is identified by unreasonable thought and fears or obsessions that will lead someone to do repetitive behaviors. People with obsessive-compulsive disorders will realize that they may not be a reasonable behavior, and they may want to ignore this type of behavior or even stop the behaviors. There are many thoughts, different mannerisms that an obsessive–compulsive person may experience, and can be caused by several factors. In today’s society, there are different types of treatments to help someone who has this type of disorder and it can be treated successfully. Like a needle getting stuck on an old record, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) causes the brain to get stuck on a particular thought or urge (Robinson, Smith, & Sega, 2011) . This is a normal behavior for a person who has OCD. Some have a fear of being contaminated by germs or dirt and will continuously wash their hands until they are chapped and are extremely sore. Despite their efforts to control the behavior, many will continue to perform this behavior. Some have a fear of hurting others or themselves, fear of losing things or not having something, an idea that everything must be perfect and orderly, and some will have interfering sexual or violent thought or even images. Hoarding, repeated checking, opening or closing doors, and cleaning obsessively are other cases that are a...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety Everyone will experience fear at some point in their lifetime, and the person will usually know why they are afraid. The cause of the fear is identifiable and appropriate to the situation and will pass with time. However, in the case of anxiety disorders, the person either does not know why he or she is afraid or the level of anxiety is inappropriate to the situation. Anxiety disorders are detected when a person suffers from a disorder in which anxiety is a characteristic feature or the avoidance of anxiety seems to motivate abnormal behavior (Morris & Maisto, 2005). National surveys expose the fact that anxiety disorders are more common than any other form of mental disorder (Morris & Maisto, 2005). The main types of anxiety disorders are specific phobias, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Morris & Maisto, 2005). A very interesting form of anxiety disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person feels driven to think disturbing thoughts, perform senseless rituals, or a combination of both (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Obsessions are involuntary thoughts or ideas that continue to occur regardless if the person’s attempts to stop them (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Compulsions are repetitive, ritualistic behaviors that a person feels obligated to perform (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Obsessive thoughts are usually repulsive and...
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...Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder in which you have awkward thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead you to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). An example of an obsessive-compulsive disorder would be a fear of getting contaminated by germs. To ease your obsessive fear, you may compulsively wash your hands until they're sore. Despite your efforts, the distressing thoughts of obsessive-compulsive disorder keep coming back. (Greenberg) Obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms include both obsessions and compulsions. OCD obsessions are repeated ideas, thoughts, images or impulses that occur spontaneously and seem to make no sense. These obsessions tend to occur when you're trying to think of or do other things....
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...Abstract Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, OCD, is an anxiety disorder that causes unwanted and intrusive thoughts or feelings that cause an individual to feel driven to do something. OCD affects one in every 50 individuals in the United States. Often times, OCD begins in childhood or adolescence and if untreated, will continue into adulthood. This research paper will address the symptoms of OCD and the current counseling techniques used to treat it. Keywords: obsessive compulsive disorder, rituals, obsession, exposure and response prevention, compulsions, obsessions Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, OCD, is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Individuals with OCD are often plagued by persistent, unwelcome thoughts or images, or by the urgent need to engage in certain rituals. Patients with OCD usually recognize the fact that their obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors are extreme or illogical, but this awareness does not help control their symptoms. An equal number of men and women are diagnosed with OCD, however, men tend to develop it earlier than women. Clients with OCD tend to suffer in many areas of their lives because so much of their time and energy is spent doing their rituals. For more than 7 out of 10 patients, the disorder severely impairs their family relationships, and 6 out of 10 have impaired friendships because of their OCD. Nearly 60 percent...
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...Lisa Stoltey January 13, 2013 Obsessive-compulsion disorder HCA/240 Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts; feelings, ideas, sensations or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something. People that suffer from OCD are often entirely consumed by these compulsions that it can be difficult to function normally on a regular basis. There are many facts, myths, and beliefs about how OCD works, came about, treated and coped with. The history of when OCD was first noticed is not set in stone but it is believed that the first belief was around the European Renaissance about 14th to 16th centuries. “One belief that began to be abandoned was the superstitious notion that mental illnesses were caused by the devil, demons, or supernatural forces.” ("Short history of," 2009) Compulsions brought on by OCD were called scrupulosity. Sufferers of OCD where mainly treated in the clergy. By the 1700’s the clergy were deferring to physicians to help people suffering from OCD. There were not very many treatments at this time and had to use the tools they did have to try and help the compulsions. The first treatment reported was bloodletting or a phlebotomy. This is when the doctor would drain blood from the sufferer in a effort to adjust the bodily “humors”("Short history of," 2009)In the 1700’s they did not know how to treat OCD as a whole but focused on the compulsion instead. For example, one woman reported having...
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...Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, better known as OCD, is a lifelong mental anxiety that is associated with your brain. This disorder causes people to use their fears as repeated and uncontrollable compulsions. It also forces unwanted thoughts into their brains and causes anxiety. Their brains force them to think about mental fears and act upon them, resulting in repetitive behavior, which are called compulsions. The most common compulsions are cleaning, organizing, hoarding, counting, touching, and tapping. The National Institute of Mental Health states, “People with OCD typically try to make their obsessions go away by performing compulsions.” Some signs of obsessive compulsive disorder is a fear of germs, being overly tidy, compulsive counting, organizing things, fear of hurting loved ones, and many more. A lot of people with this disorder perform these repetitive behaviors and still do not feel satisfied when they are done. Performing compulsions repetitively may cause someone with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder to have suicidal thoughts and many more problems. A lot of times, when people are experiencing these continuous thoughts of germs, the need to organize, or whatever it may be, they find them discomforting and do not want those thoughts to be...
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...Psychological disorders and treatment Psychological disorders can be described as abnormal behavior. Defining what abnormal behavior is can be a complex process. Not every episode of behavior we would deem abnormal is due to a psychological disorder. Having anxiety before a big event, performing, etc. is natural, however, when anxiety starts to affect one’s life and causes suffering, there might be an underlying disorder. Psychologists identify behavior as abnormal when it matches one or more of this criteria: unusualness, social deviance, emotional distress, maladaptive behavior, dangerousness, faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality (Nevid, 2012). Disorders are classified into groups, for example, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, dissociative and somatoform disorders, etc. that are further divided into specific disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, for example, is an anxiety disorder, whereas, hypochondriasis is a somatoform disorder. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that affects the brain and behavior. OCD involves obsessions and compulsions that are time-consuming, distressing, even impairing, that the person suffering from the disorder cannot control. According to Abramowitz, Taylor & McKay (2009), obsessions have four fundamental features: “they are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and cause great anxiety; they are not simply excessive worries...
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