...This year in middle school technology we learned how to build truss bridges. A truss bridge is a bridge in which the loads are supported by trusses. We learned what the strongest bridge shape would be. We also learned how tension and compression strength affected the amount of weight our bridge would hold. In order to build our truss bridges first we had to draw a blueprint of the top, bottom, and side view of the bridge. Next, we put a piece of wax paper over the paper. After that lied the balsa wood on the blueprint and used structure glue to put each side together. Once each side was put together we glued each of them together to form the truss bridge. Finally, we painted the truss bridge. Tension strength impacted the amount of weight...
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...|Spaghetti Bridge | Abstract For this assignment our task was to build as a group a spaghetti bridge with the objective of carrying the most weight as possible using only spaghetti and hot glue, meeting the specifications. The bridges will be loaded until they fall. After testing to destruction, the bridges loading capacity was 14.4kg, with an initial mas of 0.840kg. This gave a weight to strength ratio of 17.1 putting the group at 4th/8th position in class. From this it was learned the bridge held 14.4kg which is 140N therefore one Truss held 70N. These calculations helped us understand how our bridge coped with the forces and helped us answer the question of what caused our bridge to fail and where our bridge failed? Contents Abstract ii Introduction 1 Background 2 Analysis 3 Design 5 Methodology 5 Calculations 6 Newton’s laws: 6 Forces on the bridge 6 Stability: 6 Truss analysis 6 Structural stability of Final Bridge: 7 Testing: 7 Simulation: 7 Results: 8 Bridge failure analysis: 8 Spaghetti beams: 8 Conclusion 9 Limitations 10 Recommendations 11 List of References 12 Appendix 14 Spaghetti Bridge Activity Report 14 Group productivity and progress 18 Further Calculations 19 Introduction For this assignment the aim is to research and construct a spaghetti bridge in a group consisting of six members with the objective...
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...Pratt Truss Bridge Research Paper The Pratt Truss bridge was a very unique bridge. This particular truss bridge happens to have been an all wooden truss bridge when it was first built in 1844. This truss bridge has very unique features. This truss bridge is very popular and was yet the most important truss bridge because of it's amazing transformation. This bridge is up to hundreds of feet off the ground. The Pratt Truss Bridge was made was by Thomas and Caleb Pratt in 1844. It was a popular railway truss bridge because it had very long spans. It became popular for railway bridges because it was able to have long spans. The Pratt Truss Bridge Environmental factors have affected this specific tremendously. This Pratt truss bridge was all wooden until the Environmental area of this bridge weakened it. So, this bridge has to go from being all wooden to all copper to make. It's always windy and rains and that's what made the wood break down. Since the break down many workers improved it by changing it to all copper metal. The conditions were mainly natural disasters. The natural disasters included rainstorms and tornados. So therefore this bridge has been through a lot because of the change of all wood to all metal. The Pratt Pennsylvania Truss Bridge was made by Caleb and Thomas...
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...In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members which are either tensile or compressive forces. Moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes. Planar truss Planar roof trusses The roof trusses of the basilica di Santa Croce (Florence) The simplest form of a truss is one single triangle. This type of truss is seen in a framed roof consisting of rafters and a ceiling joist, and in other mechanical structures such as bicycles and aircraft. Because of the stability of this shape and the methods of analysis used to calculate the forces within it, a truss composed entirely of triangles is known as a simple truss. The traditional diamond-shape bicycle frame, which utilizes two conjoined triangles, is an example of a simple truss. A planar truss lies in a single plane. Planar trusses are typically used in parallel to form roofs and bridges. The depth of a truss, or the height between the upper and lower chords, is what makes it an efficient structural form. A solid girder or beam of equal strength would have substantial weight and material cost as compared to a truss. For a given span, a deeper truss will require less material...
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...Analysis of Truss Structures Definition of a Truss A truss is a structure composed of slender members joined together at their end points. Planar trusses lie in a single plane. Typically, the joint connections are formed by bolting or welding the end members together to a common plate, called a gusset plate. Common Roof Trusses Common Types of Trusses Roof trusses - in general, the roof load is transmitted to the truss by a series of purlins. The roof truss along with its supporting columns is termed a bent. The space between bents is called a bay. Common Types of Trusses Pratt Truss – This truss was patented in 1844 by two Boston railway engineers; Caleb Pratt and his son Thomas Willis Pratt. The design uses vertical beams for compression and horizontal beams to respond to tension. Howe Truss - The relatively rare Howe truss,patented in 1840 by William Howe. It includes vertical members and diagonals that slope up towards the center, the opposite of the Pratt truss. Warren Truss - The Warren truss was patented in 1848 by its designers James Warren and Willoughby Theobald Monzani. This truss and consists of longitudinal members joined only by angled cross-members, forming alternately inverted equilateral triangle-shaped spaces along its length, ensuring that no individual strut, beam, or tie is subject to bending or torsional straining forces, but only to tension or compression. Bridge trusses - the load is transmitted by the deck to a series of stringers...
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...Boomilever Project Team “Truss Me” Amanda Resha Ridge Coffman ENGR 2110-01 Engineering Statics November 24, 2014 Table of Contents 3 – Report 3 – Introduction 3 – Literary Review 3 – Frist Design 4 – Second Design 4 – Final Design 5 – Conclusion 6 – References 7 – Appendix Introduction: The purpose of the Boomilever Project is to build a cantilevered truss that is light-weight while still able to support 15 kilograms. With this project it serves to reinforce the cumulative concepts that have been taught throughout this semester of Engineering Statics. It has been necessary to research designs, types of wood, and types of adhesive that will create a final result that is consistent with the desired result. Literature Review: The design concept behind a cantilever truss consists of a series of triangles joined together. The strength of these individual triangles, when combined, creates a very strong final result. Triangles are a very important part of many types of construction as they are the “only geometric figure that cannot be pulled or pushed out of shape without actually changing the length of one of its sides” (Bridges - Trusses, n.d.). As well as the advantage of the added strength, truss also do this without much additional weight. These concepts combined allow for trusses to be a very efficient way of adding strength. A cantilevered beam is what of which is supported on one end (usually a fixed support) and end is left...
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...Hello, today I will be talking about different types of bridges! There are 6 general types of bridges and we will talk about all of the types of bridges there are. Now, we believe that there are five main types of bridges to begin with. These types are beam, truss, arch, cantilever, and suspension. First, we will talk about beam bridges. Now, beam bridges are very basic bridge constructions that have pieces on each end of the bridge. These types of frequently use leg supports to distribute the load equally throughout the whole bridge. Different types of beam bridges are girder bridges and box girder bridges. Beam bridges work a lot like a log overlapping two sides of a ravine. Famous beam bridge, the 7 Mile Bridge in the Florida keys. Next,...
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...Article Portfolio Abstract: This paper is aimed at highlighting the benefits of installing structural health monitoring systems on structures. Through a case study, I examined the various issues with todays outdated visual inspection techniques and showed how the installation of SHM systems on new bridges solves many of these issues. Bio: Thomaz Paschoal is a junior majoring in Civil Engineering at the University of Southern California. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. Outside of class he is involved with Engineers Without Borders and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Structural Health Monitoring Systems Imagine for just a second that you live in Minneapolis, Minnesota; you work in one of the many shiny downtown skyscrapers. It’s Wednesday, 5:30 p.m., and you decide to go back home to the northern suburbs of the city. You are about to get on the I-35W Bridge over the Mississippi river, a bridge that you take at least twice a day. But this crossing is not like the hundreds of other previous crossings. On August 1, 2007, this bridge, a major commuter route, simply collapses into the river. 13 people die and 145 people are injured and, even more frightening, it could have been worse. The infrastructure in the United States is in need of a major upgrade. There are roads, bridges and tunnels all over the country that are badly in need of repairs. According to the Federal Highway Administration there are currently 69,223 bridges that are classified as “structurally...
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...itar ------------------------------------------------- Guitar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). Guitar | A classical guitar (nylon string) | String instrument | Classification | String instrument | Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 321.322 (Compositechordophone) | Playing range | (a standard tuned guitar) | Related instruments | * Bowed and plucked string instruments | The guitar is a popular musical instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from 4 to 18 strings, usually having 6. The sound is projected either acoustically or through electrical amplification (for an acoustic guitar or an electric guitar, respectively). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the right hand while fretting (or pressing against the fret) the strings with the left hand. The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, thevihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument. There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings'...
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...Declaration This is to declare that alika jeremiah has undergone his student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) program at KIN-ROYAL NIG. LTD; Ojo local government in Lagos state. _________________________________ ____/____/____ STUDENT DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ INSTITUTION’S SUPERVISOR DATE _________________________________ ____/____/____ SIWES CO-ORDINATOR DATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to first and foremost express my sincere thanks and gratitude to God for the grace, wisdom and endurance he granted me throughout this program. I thank my parents, Mr. & Mrs. Paul Alika who has been there to support and direct me in every aspect of my life. Also to my brothers and sister who encouraged me especially in times of difficulty. Forgetting not the owner and managing director of the company, KIN-ROYL NIG. LTD, in the person of Mr. KizitoNzulumike, and the manager in the person of Mr. Vincent Nweke for their contributions in one way or the other in trying to see to my well being and knowledge acquisition in the whole program. Also to all staff and workers of KIN-ROYAL NIG.LTD, for their warm and embracing support and hospitality. May the almighty God reward you all. To my friends, classmates and IT colleagues, I appreciate you all for the support and relationship you aided me with. I cannot forget you. Finally, to my industrial attachment supervisor, Mr. Vincent Nweke, and my institution supervisor Dr...
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...of HR Recently we have witnessed the amalgamation of several streams of management into the strategic management literature including epistemology, organizational learning, the resource based view, organizational capabilities and competitiveness and innovation and new product development (Frost, 2003; Grant and Baden Fuller, 1995). Other streams focus on nature and processes and examine the internal focus, which includes impact of strategic management concepts and frameworks that managers use to develop competitive strategy (Clark, 1997). Researchers have contended that the concept of strategic human resource management has evolved into a bridge between business strategy and the management of human resources (e.g. Butler et al., 1991; Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall, 1988; Lorange and Murphy, 1984). On the other hand, Truss and Gratton (1994) opine strategic human resource management as the overarching concept that links the management and deployment of individuals within the organization to the business as a whole and its environment. Ulrich (1997) further distinguished between strategic HR and HR strategy. He stated that strategic HR was the process of linking HR practices to business strategy. Thus, strategic HR deals with identifying the capabilities required of a business strategy and using HR practices to develop those capabilities. On the other hand, he viewed HR strategy as building an agenda for the HR function and defining the mission, vision and priorities...
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...Acknowledgement First of all we would like to Thanks Allah Almighty, who gives us courage and power to set a side all the stones and other hurdles in the completion of this project. He and only He show us right path and without his Blessings we can not complete this project Thanks to Allah Almighty. Thanks to our Most Respected Resource Person, Mr babu baral For His Valuable Guidance and Precious Advices throughout the semester which are rare Assets for us. Many people help us in the completion of this project like library and IPC staff. Many other persons guide us so it’s not easy to name them all. So we also offer heartiest thanks to all the persons who guided and encourage us to complete this Project successfully. Packaging pormotions History:- The history of Ali Group dates back to pre-independence days, almost a century ago, when the highly dynamic personality of Sir Syed Maratib Ali envisioned the importance of trade and industry in the sub-continent. He expanded his agricultural business into trading and industrial partnerships. Soon after independence of Pakistan in 1947, the business activities were further developed into industrialized operations. Ali Group is currently one of the oldest and most successful business groups in the country. After the immense success of Treet Corporation Limited (rated in the top 25 companies in KSE), the company has decided to delve into corrugated box making industry. A new company by the name of Packaging Solutions...
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...1 HR discretion: understanding line managers’ role in Human Resource Management Juan López-Cotarelo, Industrial Relations Research Unit, Warwick Business School Introduction Line managers play a central role in human resource management. In many organisations, they are charged with myriad HR-related tasks, such as filling out performance appraisal forms, interviewing candidates for employment, making salary increase recommendations and breaking employment-related news –good and bad- to employees. This paper investigates how managers carry out their HR activities. In the literature so far, the prevailing view has been that managers act primarily on behalf of the organisation, applying HR policy in ways by-and-large consistent with organisational procedures. My findings from a number of store visits at a leading UK fashion retailer, give support to a different view: that managers carry out HR activities as organisational actors who pursue a combination of organisational, departmental and individual goals. Crucial in my discussion is the concept of HR discretion. I define HR discretion as a manager’s capacity to influence his (her) team members’ HR outcomes, and their perceptions of those HR outcomes. HR discretion must be understood as a subset of overall managerial discretion 1 . Managerial discretion has been an important concept in the economics and management literatures, from very different perspectives. In economics, managerial discretion refers to the freedom managers have...
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...CIVIL ENGINEERING 3rd Semester Course No. Course Name MA 201 Mathematics III CE 201 Solid Mechanics CE 203 Engineering Geology CE 205 Civil Engineering Materials CE 207 Surveying CE 231 Civil Engineering Materials Lab CE 235 Surveying Laboratory CE 233 Building Drawing and CAD lab. SA 201 NCC/NSS/NSO I Total Credits 4th Semester Course No. MA 2xx CE 202 CE 204 CE 206 CE 208 CE 232 CE 234 SA 202 5th Semester Course No. CE 301 CE 303 CE 305 CE 307 CE 309 CE 331 CE 333 L-T-P-C 3-0-0-6 3-1-0-8 3-0-0-6 3-0-0-6 3-0-0-6 0-0-3-3 0-0-3-3 1-0-2-4 0-0-2-0 16-1-8-42 Course Name Numerical Methods Structural Analysis I Environmental Engineering I Geotechnical Engineering I Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Environmental Engineering Lab Geotechnical Engineering I Laboratory NCC/NSS/NSO II Total Credits L-T-P-C 3-0-0-6 3-1-0-8 3-0-0-6 3-0-0-6 3-0-0-6 0-0-3-3 0-0-3-3 0-0-2-0 15-1-6-38 Course Name Structural Analysis II Environmental Engineering II Geotechnical Engineering II Fluid Mechanics Reinforced Concrete Design Geotechnical Engineering II Laboratory Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Total Credits L-T-P-C 3-1-0-8 3-0-0-6 3-0-0-6 3-0-0-6 3-0-0-6 0-0-3-3 0-0-3-3 15-1-6-38 Course Name HSS II Transportation Engineering I Construction Technology and Management Design of Steel Structures Hydraulics and Hydraulic Structures Transportation Engineering I Laboratory Hydraulics and Hydraulic...
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...Executive Summary This report traces the evolution of the HR function from its traditional role of personnel management into what is known today as Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) and the role that devolution has played in this evolutionary cycle. From the research, it was observed that the devolution of HR responsibilities to line managers has enabled the HR function to take on a more strategic role as a business partner of the organization. It is also observed that devolution has benefited both line managers and employees alike by reducing bureaucratic red-tape and providing a faster approach to decision making and problem solving. The limitation of this report is that the negative aspects of devolution as noted by many researchers are not covered due to limitations in the length and scope of the assignment. Table of Contents No Title Page i Cover Page 1 ii Executive Summary 2 iii Table of Contents 3 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 The Evolutionary Cycle of Human Resources 5 3.0 The Effects of Devolution towards Strategic Human Resources Management 11 4.0 Conclusion 14 5.0 References 15 1.0 Introduction In the last few decades, there have been extensive changes and transformations in the perspective of organizational behaviour as a whole. To quote Smilansky (1997), “organizational change has become a permanent state of affairs”. The rapid changes in the technology...
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