...All Kind of Pakistan Turban In Pakistan the turban is in widespread use, especially among the rural population. It is worn in different styles and colors across the country, varying by region, e.g. in the north of the country, black and white turbans are preferred. The turban most commonly found in Pakistan is white and crestless. Turban in Pakistani culture is more than just a headwear. It is also a symbol of one’s honor. There are many different turbans, worn in Pakistan, and their anatomy. First, the name – Turban – in English means any wrapping of cloth or fabric around one’s head. In Arabic it is called “amaama”, in Persian “dastaar”, in Urdu “pugree” or ” kullah” in Punjabi “pugree” or “pug”, and in Pushto “patkaiy” or “patka.” KPK (Khyber Pukhtun Khawa) Starting from KPK, one of the traditional turbans is a two-piece affair. One piece consists of a dome-shaped hard cap or kulla. It is finely embroidered with golden thread. The more intricate and dense the embroidery the pricier is the kulla. The other piece, called lungi, consists of a long and narrow piece of cotton cloth (not to be confused with the lungi that men in rural Punjab wear instead of a shalwar). The lungi of the turban comes in different colors, often in stripes, is starched, carefully gathered and skillfully wrapped around the kulla. (You can wrap the lungi around the kulla only when wearing the kulla, not otherwise.) One end of the lungi is stuck in the folds and stands like the crest of a hoopoe...
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...The decline of classical civilizations can be attributed to numerous factors such as internal conflicts, decreased size of armies, revolts, corruption, population decreases, declining tax revenues, economic decline, climate change, and external invasions. However, the one important factor that was instrumental in the decline and collapse was epidemic diseases which may have killed up to half of the population. The spread of epidemic diseases in the Roman Empire resulted in a shrinking population which had an adverse effect on trade, army recruiting, tax revenue, political instability, and a shift in religious values. The importing and exporting of goods, animals and people along the Silk Roads and sea routes not only brought much needed and wanted goods; with it also came unfamiliar diseases and barbarians. Without the resistance, immunity, or medicines; widespread death and chaos resulted. Emperors and upper classes enjoyed a luxurious and extravagant lifestyle at the expense of the tax paying citizen and became more self-centered and less concerned about social and political responsibilities. This caused a decline in influence and great resentment among the lower classes. Political instability meant centralized government became weaker and because of growing difficulty protecting its borders from invaders; farmers and laborers began looking for protection from regional landlords which corrupted the political stability of the empire. Increased taxes were far too burdensome...
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...outcome measures (“www.nyc.gov,” 2013). The major components of the CPR dashboard NYCStat is New York City’s site is developed to provide all essential reports, data and statistics for city services. It provides access to different performance information about the city. Information includes 311-related data, citywide and agency-specific, interactive mapping features by quality-of-life indicators and performance data (Turban, Aronson, Liang, Sharda, 2010). There are main three components of NYCStat Web site. • Performance management application is a backend system that provides a one-stop-shop to input data from all agencies. All 44 agencies access the application to publish their data (Turban et al., 2010). • Analytics tool/dashboard is the frontend system to present easy-to-use standardized reports with trend graphs, performance summaries and drill-down features (Turban et al., 2010). • Data definition to review and identify the topics measures and critical indicators. These indicators include the CPR system for 44 mayoral agencies (Turban et al., 2010). The agencies involved in the implementation of the dashboard In mid-2005, Mayor’s Office of Operations along with consultation with the Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (DoITT), made initial plans for Citywide Performance Reporting system...
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...computer systems, or management information systems (MIS), or just work systems that involve people and processes, and the improvement of everyday operations (Sprague & Watson, 1993). What began as an unstructured science of facilitating organizations to make decisions has evolved into newer concepts called automated decision systems (ADS) (Turban, 2011). Decision support systems are used by organizations to facilitate decision-making by management that is either strategic, tactical or operational (Turban, 2011). Within the decision support systems arena, there are three main types of decision support systems: structured, semi-structured and unstructured. By definition, there are 4 phases that evolve in the identification of determining whether a decision support system is unstructured, semi-structured or structured (Turban, 2011). These phases include intelligence, design, choice and implementation (Turban, 2011). In addition, there are five main types used to facilitate the decision-making process within a decision support system model. These include decisions that are driven by communications, data, documents, models and knowledge (Turban, 2011). This document will assess two cases studies to determine the management type of decision support system, whether the decision support system is unstructured, semi-structured or structured, and what drives the decisions within the decision support model. Case Study 1 The first case study is related to a business...
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...Decision support systems and Business Intelligence: an overview Contents Course introduction 1–3 Module one objectives 1–3 Use of Study Guide 1–3 Suggested study schedule 1–4 Readings 1–4 Changing business environments and computerised decision support 1–4 Managerial decision-making 1–5 Computerised support for decision making: systems and technologies 1–5 The systems 1–5 The technologies 1–5 A framework for decision support 1–6 Management science 1–6 Concept of decision support systems & business intelligence 1–7 DSS – BI connection 1–7 Course plan and themes 1–7 Conclusion 1–8 Course introduction This first module aims to provide an overview of the topic and provide the broad backdrop into which the other modules will fit. Today’s business environment is constantly changing, and it is becoming more and more complex. Private and public organizations are required to respond quickly to changing conditions; be it government regulations or informed customers or market conditions. This requires organizations to be agile and to make frequent and quick strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. Making such decisions may require considerable amounts of relevant data, information, and knowledge. Processing these, in the framework of the needed decisions, must be done quickly, frequently in real time, and usually requires some computerized support. This course is about using business intelligence as computerized support for managerial...
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...several strategies could be put into place to attract more clients. Club It like any other business should know the informational technology resources available to them in order to become an efficient and very successful organization. Several strategies as well as business models can be used to help Club It with their own business needs and assuring that their business will be successful. Strategies that can assist Club It to be successful are, cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, innovation strategy, operational effectiveness strategy, and customer orientation strategy [ (Rainer & Turban, 2009) ]. Club It’s Mission and Primary Clientele Club It’s Mission is, "We, Ruben and Lisa, offer you live music, DJ's, dance space and refreshments that suit your lifestyle. You are our friends, and we seek to build a community that meets regularly at Club IT" (Rainer & Turban, Welcome to Club It). This mission statement is well stated and serves the long term goal Ruben and Lisa share for the future of the club. From speaking with Ruben and Lisa along with my observation the primary clientele that the club is attracting are the younger crowd in their 20’s and 30’s. This age group is high energy and seeks fun and excitement that Rueben and Lisa are attempting to provide. Since the goal is to attract this age group I can already see where much improvement can be made through expanding menus and advertising. Possible improvements and benefits from several different information...
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...amount from information systems and software applications are human resources, management and marketing. Human resource departments use information systems and software applications to manage employees within a company. Multiple software applications can be used by a single department and an example of this would be the human resource department using one application to monitor employee turnover and another application to screen job applicants (Rainer & Turban, 2008). The ability to manage these two job functions through software applications make the jobs of employees in the human resource department easier and increase the overall effectiveness of the entire company. The applications allow human resources to hire the best employees for the job openings and effectively manage all of the data that they compile. Management also uses information systems and software applications to manage their employees. Management information systems are used to produce reports from transaction data in isolated functional areas (Rainer & Turban, 2008). The reports that are produced are used for many different functions within a company but the overall idea for management information system reports is to increase productivity of employees and ensure the company is making the best business decisions possible. An organization’s marketing department uses information systems and software applications to increase the company’s customer base and maintain...
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...Running head: OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT Overview of Management Erminia Ponce University of Phoenix Overview of Management Kudler Fine Foods was founded by Kathy Kudler in 1998. Kathy once was a Vice President of Marketing of a defense contractor; Kathy traveled constantly and endured the pressures of corporate life. Kathy ultimately wanted something different, something less stressful and gourmet cooking seemed to relieve the stress for her so Kathy decided to embark on an opportunity on an upscale epicurean food shop in La Jolla. Kathy opened her first store in June, 1998 and within the year the store was profitable. Kathy later opened two more stores by 2003, one in Del Mar and Encinitas and now Kathy is looking at expanding and opening another store. Kathy is the president of Kudler Fine Foods and her primary function is to oversee the three stores. Kathy is responsible for the planning and strategizing, however, each manager or department supervisor has the responsibility for his or her team. Whether at the managerial, individual, or team level, the management process involves planning and strategizing, organizing, leading and controlling and decision making. (Gomez-Mejia-Balkin, 2002). Kathy has an Administrative Assistant who works directly for her and her responsibilities are to provide administrative support to the company president, scheduled appointments, assist in the recruitment process and answer phones. The Administrative Assistant performs...
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...Cross Cultural Management By- Piyansh Gupta 09MBI103 MBA (Integrated) 4th year VIT University Vellore, India Report on lack of awareness of different cultures and its implications The whole world has become a global village with the advent of scientific development. Even though it might seem a good opportunity for the business and for several other areas as well, a lot of contradictory issues still rise up every now and then. There have been regular clashes in different countries regarding the values, ideas, beliefs, traditions, acceptance, getting along and getting used to new things. Some are not ready to change, some are not even willing to adjust with the change while there are some who try everything in their hand to suppress the change or torment people related to the transformation. Globalization is bringing different nations closer but are we ready to respect all of the cultures equally and not be ethnocentric? Are we ready to open our arms and welcome other traditions and cultures in every aspect when we come across them? Or are we ready to support the other religion just enough...
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...address the call for greater attention to the topic of individuals’ attraction to organizations by proposing a theoretical model based on three meta-theories of both how and why individuals are attracted to organizations. While we detail how past research fits into this model, we go beyond this existing work and suggest directions for future theory and research development by examining the boundary conditions of past research. It is important to note that our approach examines why individuals are attracted to organizations from the applicant’s perspective. Indeed, the important role that the individual plays in the attraction process has been relatively neglected in prior reviews dealing with recruitment (see Barber, 1998 and Cable & Turban, 2001 for notable exceptions). To provide the widest coverage of the attraction construct, we define attraction broadly as having a positive affective attitude towards an organization, viewing it as a desirable entity, and wanting to engage in some relationship with it (Aiman-Smith, Bauer, & Cable, 2001). With this foundation and definition, we now turn to an examination of the theories underlying attraction. THREE META-THEORIES UNDERLYING ATTRACTION RESEARCH Research on applicant attraction has...
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...Amazon Evolution Jeff Bezos created a company called Amazon.com in July 1995 by employing retail sales over the Internet. Jeff Bezos started the company, offering books for sale based from an Internet website. Now Amazon offers a vast selection, low prices, easy product search and ordering, detailed product information, and secure payment transactions while providing optimal efficiency in order product delivery (Turban, 2006). The business of Amazon has changed dramatically after the cyber store launched. Amazon is looking to become a platform for other cyber-stores, and the world’s store on the Internet. Amazon rates the best cyber-store on the content on the site and service. Other web merchants want to become a partner with Amazon for site development and back-end logistics help. According to Friedman (2004), “Amazon.com has limitless shelf space. Because they are more on an online catalog than a retail store, Amazon does not have to stock the entire inventory they offer. The downside to this is that you do not get to leave the store with your purchase in hand. In fact, depending on the availability of the item you order you may have to wait a few weeks! The upshot is that they can offer anything and everything – so you get an infinitely larger selection of goods. Customers are an integral part of Amazon’s sales force. Because Amazon is web based, they automatically have a place to post extensive product information, including customer reviews. When you are...
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...dedicated nor exclusive. Routers are devices that forward packets from one network to another network. Packets occur when the network breaks a file or e-mail message into smaller blocks of specific size. Wireless routers are actually wired routers with wireless access points (WAP) built in. It provides both wired and wireless at the same time”. (Turban & Volonino, 2011) Third generation also called 3G; of cellular telecommunications technology supports multimedia and broadband services. Broadband means fast transmission speed. It is faster than the 1G and 2G. The third generation networks have far greater ranges because they use large satellite connections that connect to telecommunication towers. The fourth generation is called 4G. 4G mobile network standards enable faster data transfer rates. (Turban & Volonino) Right now 4G is the latest generation of wireless data technologies. It carries average download rates of 3 Mbps or more. “In contrast, today's 3G networks typically deliver average download speeds about one-tenth of that rate. The 2G and 3G started separately with their own purposes; soon both will be converted to the 4G network” (Turban & Volonino). 4G does not use a circuit-switched subsystem, as do the 2G and 3G networks. 4G operates on the packet-based Internet Protocol. Users can get 4G through WiMax or LTE (long term evolution). WiMax is the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard. It is being used by Sprint, Comcast,...
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...author gives an example that “…plotting spatial data onto a map is…[a] BI because it makes the data much more accessible to the user and therefore turns it into information.” (Ibid.). He adds, “BI systems are … very good at sifting through (and/or aggregating) huge volumes of data and turning it into information.” (Ibid.). (Turban 2013, p. 345) concurs, “BI systems are very good at filtering and aggregating huge data volumes into information.” With a business intelligence system, it is possible to summarize sales data for a region and assess the impact of a marketing campaign by product or by geographical area and present the same to users “on mashups.” (searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/). The mention of mashups leads us to the issue of “business intelligence” systems “for the masses” on mobile devices (Turban 2013, p.349). Thus, with mobile and BI technologies respectively and concurrently, “mobile dashboards” have eased and popularized the implementation of “mobile intelligence.” (Ibid.). Today we have what would be called, “Mobile dashboard-supplied [business] intelligence” whereby data and information are accessible online, real-time, anywhere (Turban 249-350). With todays “visualization technologies…like “business dashboards, enterprise mashups, interactive reporting tools, and visualization apps for mobiles… data from business intelligence (BI) systems, data warehouses, and other internal and external data stores [can be depicted] … in meaningful graphics with drill-down...
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...breathtaking drop in sales. The bankruptcy forced GM to make some major changes within the organization, (Isidore, 2009). Knowledge Management System A knowledge management system has the ability to enhance several companies, especially GM. GM is a well-known company that has been around for several years. GM can profit from several advantages by using a knowledge management system. Some of those advantages include decreasing cost by eliminating the number of times the company must continuously resolve similar issues, decrease repetition of knowledge-based activities, raise up productivity by making knowledge accessible and user friendly, encourage employee personal growth, and establish aggressive favor in the marketplace, (Delen, Sharda, Turban, 2011, pgs. 509-510). Valuation In 2000, GM was on top of the world and put together a live Knowledge Management (KM) program. Initially, GM had the best of both worlds by having 138 best practice teams and 33 centers of knowledge working collectively with recognizable subject matter experts. The KM program was an outstanding asset for GM. The KM generated over 5000 best practices that affected quality and led to millions in cost avoidance. The KM program was at a very high peak in 2008, but GM took a down turn in 2009. GM shocked the world in 2009 by filing for bankruptcy. A defective strategy is what took GM down, but on the flip side, an organization’s strategy is definitely a product of the knowledge that dwells within its walls...
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...engaging in e-commerce, it is vital that they take the proper steps to instill into their business information system. The most distinct problem with Club IT is that is has less than superior internet connection. Presently, Club IT functions through a dial-up connection. Though dial-up connections are substantially less costly for the business as opposed to the more effective high speed connections, they are considerably slow (Turban, 2009). Although it may seem as if Club IT is cutting costs by paying for the cheaper dial-up connection, it is probable that the savings are not as considerable as thought. Dial-up connections are dependent upon the use of a particular phone line, it is unlikely that the business can make calls when the internet is being used. Having to install an additional phone line to mitigate this issue would induce more of the businesses funds. Ultimately, the variation between paying for a dial-up connection and a high-speed connection is finical. An additional issue in using a dial-up is persistent intermission in connectivity (Turban, 2009). Typically dial-up connections have a excessive latency occurrence and are likely inept of aiding any plausible upgrades that could...
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